GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS OF CATTALO, HEREFORD, AND 1/4-BRAHMAN BULL CALVES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Shear Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Daily Gain

The 1/4-Brahman bull calves exceeded those of the cattalo and Hereford by 19.6 and 14.8% in weaning weight. However, the Hereford surpassed the 1/4-Brahman and the cattalo by 11.1 and 14.9% in feedlot average daily gain. Cattalo (cattle × bison species cross) bulls weighed 17.7 and 12.0% less than 1/4-Brahman and Hereford bulls just before slaughter at an average age of 425 days. Similar differences were apparent for cold carcass weight. When age-of-dam and age-at-slaughter were covariate factors, area of the longissimus dorsi from 1/4-Brahman calves was larger by 13.5 and 8.7% than those from cattalo and Hereford. Fat thickness over the 1. dorsi did not differ among groups. Carcass weight and age at slaughter were covariates for the weights of meat cuts. Weights of loin, round, or plate cuts did not differ among groups. However, the rib cut from the 1/4-Brahman was lighter than that from the cattalo and Hereford, and the chuck cut was heavier. The Hereford exceeded the 1/4-Brahman in total weight of the more expensive rib–loin–round cuts. Warner-Bratzler shear estimates of tenderness did not differ among groups. Average fat thickness over the 1. dorsi was not significantly correlated to any of the means of the shear test on raw or broiled samples. In general, 1/4-Brahman and Hereford groups each exhibited superiority over the other two groups for several traits, while cattalo bulls did not exceed the other two groups in any of the traits considered in this study.

FEEDLOT AND CARCASS TRAITS OF STEERS OF THE HIGHLAND AND HEREFORD BREEDS AND THEIR RECIPROCAL CROSSES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Calves of the Hereford breed, and the Highland × Hereford and Hereford × Highland crosses surpassed those of the Highland in final feedlot weight, average daily gain in the feedlot, cold carcass weight, and dressing percentage. The fat thickness over the eye muscle was significantly less in the Highland than in the other groups; however, when considered as thickness of fat per 100 kg of cold carcass no important breed differences existed. Although area of eye muscle did not differ between any of the breeds and crosses, the Highland had greater area of eye muscle per 100 kg of cold carcass. Calves were slaughtered when the majority of the Herefords were judged, visually, to have reached "choice" or "good" grades. The percentage of animals achieving grades of choice or good was less for the Highland than for the other three groups. Heterosis effects were 6.3, 5.7, 7.1, 1.2, and 5.2% for final feedlot weight, feedlot average daily gain, cold carcass weight, dressing percent, and intramuscular fat. Although the percent heterosis for area of eye muscle and fat thickness over the eye muscle was 4.4 and 5.8, the advantage was in favor of the straightbreds over the reciprocal crosses (5.3%) when considered in terms of area of eye muscle per 100 kg of cold carcass weight. The two crossbred groups were similar to the Hereford, while the Highland was inferior to all three groups in overall performance for the traits in this study.

scholarly journals Seasonal and year dynamics in the quality characteristics in pig carcasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivko Nakev ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Maya Ignatova ◽  
Penka Marinova ◽  
Tania Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The aim of our study was to assess the dynamics of the characteristics in pig carcasses as affected by the season and year of slaughter. A total of 106 027 carcasses of growing-finishing pigs of commercial production, slaughtered in the same abattoir in 2014 and 2015 were included in the study. The carcasses were classified using UltraFOM 200 device, as the characteristics controlled were back-fat thickness at two locations and the depth of m. Longissimus dorsi. These measurements were used to further determine the lean meat percentage. The results of the study showed significant differences in the dynamics of changes of carcass characteristics during the seasons and the years. The highest lean meat percentage was found in summer (56.48%), followed by spring (56.34%), autumn (56.29%) and winter (56.10%). On the other hand, the pigs slaughtered in winter displayed highest carcass weight and back-fat thickness at both locations.

scholarly journals Single Loci and Haplotypes in CAPN1 and CAST Genes are Associated with Growth, Biometrics, and in Vivo Carcass Traits in Santa Inês Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-483
Author(s):  
Alessandro Lima Machado ◽  
Ariana Nascimento Meira ◽  
Evandro Neves Muniz ◽  
Hymerson Costa Azevedo ◽  
Luiz Lehmann Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Single Locus Analysis ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstractµ-calpain (CAPN1) and calpastatin (CAST) genes play key roles in protein turnover. The present study aimed to identify the variants in these genes associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep. A sample of 192 no full sibling Santa Inês lambs was used. Fragments of the CAST and CAPN1 genes were amplified and next-generation sequencing was performed in the MiSeq platform. Variants in the CAPN1 and CAST sequences were then detected using bioinformatic tools. Withers and croup heights, body length, thoracic and croup widths, thoracic and leg girths, body depth, carcass fat score, rib eye area, fat thickness, body weights were recorded at weaning and at 140 days post-weaning, and average daily gain post-weaning was calculated. Both single-locus and haplotype association analyses were performed with the model as follows: farm (2 levels), year (4 levels), the month of birth (12 levels), and the covariate age of the animal. The fragments amplified included 4,514 bp between the 20th and 23rd exons of CAST as well as 3,927 bp between the 12th and 21st exons of CAPN1. In these regions, 58 (CAST) and 45 (CAPN1) variants were identified. In the CAST gene, the single-locus analysis revealed 22 suggestive additive effects (P<0.05) on several growth and carcass traits. Moreover, haplotype substitutions were associated with rib eye area (–0.689±0.290), average daily gain (–23.6±10.4), thoracic girth (–2.72±1.27), body length (–3.38±1.49), and leg girth (–2.84±1.37). Regarding the CAPN1 gene, the single-locus analysis identified seven suggestive additive effects, while only one haplotype replacement effect on fat thickness (–0.0143±0.0053) was detected. The results of the present study suggest that variants in the CAPN1 and CAST genes are associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep, which may be a source of information to improve knowledge regarding the genetic control of these traits.

Effects of feeding high energy or high energy-protein diets to goats

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
E. Okine ◽  
N. Patrick ◽  
D. Patrick ◽  
P. A. Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

Growth, efficiency and carcass traits were evaluated for goats fed barley or a concentrate mix (CM). Goats on the CM showed higher (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) (27.5%), end of test weight (11.6%), hot carcass weight (HCW) (14.9%) and rib-eye area (REA) (14.7%), lower (P < 0.02) concentrate to gain ratio (CG) ratio (22.5%) and no differences (P > 0.05) in concentrate intake (CI) and dressing percent (DP), compared to those on barley. Although feeding the CM improved ADG, CG, HCW and REA, it may be relatively more economical to finish goats on whole barley grain. Key words: Goat, high energy, high protein, growth, rib-eye area

Contributions of preweaning growth information and maternal effects for prediction of carcass trait breeding values among crossbred beef cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Crews Jr. ◽  
R. A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Trait ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ribeye Area ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Daily Gain

Preweaning and carcass trait records from crossbred steers (n = 1015) and heifers (n = 957) were used to estimate genetic parameters and to investigate the efficacy of maternal effects and preweaning growth information for improving estimation of EBV for carcass traits for crossbred beef cattle. Dams (n = 775) representing three F1 and twelve back-cross combinations involving the Charolais, Hereford, Angus, Simmental and Shorthorn breeds were mated over six years to Limousin bulls (n = 36) at two locations in western Canada. Four animal models, involving from zero to three maternal (co)variances were used to analyze four carcass traits. Rank and simple correlations indicated that maternal effects were relatively unimportant for estimation of direct carcass trait breeding values. Direct heritabilities were 0.28, 0.12 and 0.16 for birth weight, preweaning daily gain and weaning weight, and were 0.20, 0.35, 0.50 and 0.38 for hot carcass weight, fat thickness, ribeye area and percent lean yield, respectively. Maternal heritabilities were 0.21, 0.22 and 0.40 for birth weight, preweaning daily gain and weaning weight, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations between percent lean yield and hot carcass weight, fat thickness and ribeye area were –0.05, –0.85 and 0.39, respectively, and 0.30 between hot carcass weight and ribeye area. Direct genetic effects for birth weight had moderate (0.51 to 0.54) correlations with direct effects for carcass weight, ribeye area and percent lean yield. Direct genetic effects for fat thickness were negatively correlated with direct effects for birth weight (−0.44), preweaning daily gain (−0.15) and weaning weight (−0.25). Maternal genetic effects for preweaning traits had near-zero correlations with direct genetic effects for fat thickness and percent lean yield. Adding preweaning growth information to genetic evaluations for carcass traits slightly decreased prediction error variances for breeding values and would be recommended when information on carcass traits is limited. Key words: Genetic evaluation, carcass traits, beef cattle

PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CROSSES WITH THE HEREFORD IN A RANGE ENVIRONMENT

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-724
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Daily Gain

The performance of Brown-Swiss-, Holstein-, and Hereford-sired calves produced in a specific Hereford cow herd over 2 yr was evaluated in a southern Alberta range environment. Holstein × Hereford heifers exceeded Brown Swiss × Hereford and Hereford heifers in 200-day weight and 365-day weight, and lost less weight during the winter. Crossbred bull calves were heavier than Herefords in initial feedlot weight and 365-day weight, and had heavier and longer carcasses at the same age. Although the crossbreds consumed about 15% more digestible energy (DE) than the Herefords during the 168-day feedlot period, the three groups did not differ in megajoules (Mj) of dietary energy per kilogram of gain. Holstein × Hereford bulls had the highest feedlot average daily gain and the least fat cover over the longissimus dorsi. Brown Swiss × Hereford bulls had more lean, less marbling, and the highest cutability percent. An important aspect of the study was the demonstrated hardiness of the crossbred heifers derived from the apparently well-adapted Hereford cow herd in the tough range environment. Key words: Beef crosses, beef cattle performance, crossbreeding

Growth performance, carcass traits, behaviour and welfare of New Zealand White rabbits housed in different enriched cages

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed Nasr
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Daily Gain

The present study investigated the effect of gnawing sticks as environmental enhancers on the performance, carcass traits and behaviour of individually housed growing rabbits. Two batches of weaned New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were used, each consisting of 135 animals. Rabbits were homogeneously classified into the following three groups, each consisting of 45 rabbits: rabbits housed individually in cages without enrichment (control), rabbits housed individually in cages enriched with wooden sticks from apple tree and rabbits housed individually in cages enriched with wooden sticks from willow tree. Rabbits reared in enriched cages with apple or willow sticks showed a significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) better performance (live bodyweight at slaughter 2526 and 2591 g, total weight gain 1620 and 1683 g, average daily gain 21.04 and 21.87 g and daily feed intake 78.57 and 74.89 g respectively), and had a higher carcass weight (1648.39 and 1750.26 g respectively, P &lt; 0.0001) than did the control group. Rabbits in apple-stick group had a higher daily feed intake (78.57 g, P &lt; 0.0001) and lower carcass weight (1648.39 g, P &lt; 0.0001) than did those in the willow-stick group. The cortisol concentration was significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) lower in apple and willow groups (9.44 ± 0.02 and 9.35 ± 0.02 nmol/L respectively) than in the control group (17.24 ± 0.03 nmol/L). Moreover, cage enrichment with apple or willow sticks improved the duration of feeding (7.08 and 7.39 min/3 h respectively, P &lt; 0.0001) and drinking (2.54 and 2.67 min/3 h respectively, P &lt; 0.0001) time, and reduced abnormal behaviour (biting the bars of the cage 0.24 and 0.34 min/3 h respectively, P = 0.001) when compared with the control group. Overall, the current results indicated that cage enrichment (with wooden sticks from apple or willow trees for gnawing) increased the final bodyweight and some carcass traits, reduced abnormal behaviour and potentially improved rabbit welfare during intensive rabbit breeding.

scholarly journals 33 Determining the feeding value of hulless barley relative to corn in beef finishing rations

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Gabriel J Pent ◽  
Thomas B Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Hulless varieties of barley have been developed to improve the digestibility of this small grain. The objective of this project was to determine the feeding value of hulless barley relative to corn in a beef-finishing ration. Angus-cross steers (n = 12) were fed rations that included varying ratios of cracked corn and cracked hulless barley. Steers were stratified by body weight (BW) and allotted to one of four rations: corn, 2:1 ratio of corn to barley, 1:2 ratio of corn to barley, and barley. All treatments included concentrate at 85% and baleage at 15% of total ration dry matter (DM). Rations were fed ad libitum on an individual basis using Calan gates. Feed refusals were measured daily. Steers were weighed and ultrasound 12th rib fat thickness (FT) was measured every 28 d. Steers were harvested at a commercial abattoir when average FT exceeded 0.9 cm. Average daily gain (1.2 kg/d), final BW (653 kg), feed to gain efficiency (10.2:1), and final ultrasound FT (0.94 cm) were not different (P ≥ 0.1486) between treatments. Steer DM intake was lower (P ≤ 0.0496) for those fed corn (9.8 kg/d) compared to those fed barley (12.2 kg/d) or a 1:2 ratio of corn to barley (11.7 kg/d); steer DM intake was similar (P ≥ 0.0640) for those fed a 2:1 ratio of corn to barley compared to those fed the other rations. Finishing ration did not affect hot carcass weight (384 kg; P = 0.7158), carcass FT (1.6 cm; P = 0.9511), ribeye area (87.7 cm^2; P = 0.7184), kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (2.6%; P = 0.3842), and yield grade (3.5; P= 0.8802). Feeding hulless barley compared to corn resulted in similar performance and carcass characteristics when included in beef finishing rations although feed intake was greater when barley exceeded 56% of the ration DM.

scholarly journals PSII-23 Meat quality of Santa Inês lambs slaughtered at different backfat thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
Edson Luis de A Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco Fernandes Jr ◽  
Camila Constantino ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natália Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and meat characteristics of castrated and intact Santa Inês male lambs slaughtered at three different thicknesses of subcutaneous fat. Thirty-four lambs, approximately 3 months of age, 19.37 ± 3.73 kg of body weight were used. Four weeks prior to the experiment, half of the animals were castrated. Lambs were further divided into three groups, according to the criteria for slaughter: fat thicknesses of 1, 3 and 6 mm; measured with an ultrasound equipment. All animals received the same diet. Criteria of 1 and 3 mm were achieved after 39 and 84 days in feedlot. As the criterion of 6 mm was not attained up to 130 days of confinement, lambs were slaughtered at that time, with 4 mm of fat thickness. Fat thickness measured with a caliper on the carcasses were 0.87, 3.11 and 3.60 mm. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between sexual conditions and slaughter criteria. Average daily gain was similar (P > 0.05). Among criteria (average of 0.267 ± 0.052 kg/day). However, final body weight (29.94 ± 2.03; 40.42 ± 2.67 and 53.85 ± 2.03 kg) and feed conversion (4.17 ± 0.39; 4.71 ± 0.43 and 6.01 ± 0.39) were different (P0.05) among criteria, panelists found that lambs slaughtered with 3.6 mm of fat thickness were less (P < 0.05) desirable. Average daily gain (0.283 ± 0.013 vs 0.247 ± 0.012 kg) was greater (P < 0.05) for intact than castrated lambs; however, the meat of intact lambs was less desirable. The other traits were similar for both sexual conditions. We can conclude by the performance and meat results that it is better to slaughter Santa Inês lambs with 3 mm of fat cover, and for the best acceptability of the meat the lambs should be castrated.

scholarly journals Growth and carcass performance of bull calves born from Hereford, Simmental and Charolais cows sired by Charolais bulls

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kamieniecki ◽  
J. Wójcik ◽  
R. Pilarczyk ◽  
K. Lachowicz ◽  
M. Sobczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Lean Weight

The analysis comprised purebred Charolais bull calves (CH) and crossbred bull calves born from Hereford (CH × HE) and Simmental (CH × SI) cows. Body weights and daily gains were measured in subsequent periods of the experiment and the post-slaughter evaluation was carried out. Carcass lean weight and dressing percentage were evaluated, as well as the lean content of five prime cuts. Total weight of the five prime cuts was measured and its share in the half-carcass weight was determined. The rib-eye area was also measured. The CH × SI crossbreds reached significantly higher body weights at weaning, 210-day body weights and weights at finishing, as well as significantly higher daily gains in all the periods (<I>P</I> < 0.05, <I>P</I> < 0.01) and were characterized by the heaviest carcasses and most cuts, particularly the round. The crossbreds had the highest total weight of five prime cuts and total lean weight, highest weight of the round and lean weight in the round. Other relationships were found analyzing the share of each cut in the carcass. The share of tenderloin and rump in the carcass of CH × SI was significantly lower compared to the purebred bulls (<I>P</I> < 0.01) and CH × HE (<I>P</I> < 0.05). They also had a significantly lower share of the shoulder, shank and shin, as compared to the other groups, as well as a significantly higher (<I>P</I> < 0.05) share of the neck, as compared to the purebred bulls. The purebred bulls also achieved good results and had the highest share of the prime cuts and the largest mean rib-eye area.

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