scholarly journals Growth and carcass performance of bull calves born from Hereford, Simmental and Charolais cows sired by Charolais bulls

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kamieniecki ◽  
J. Wójcik ◽  
R. Pilarczyk ◽  
K. Lachowicz ◽  
M. Sobczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Lean Weight

The analysis comprised purebred Charolais bull calves (CH) and crossbred bull calves born from Hereford (CH × HE) and Simmental (CH × SI) cows. Body weights and daily gains were measured in subsequent periods of the experiment and the post-slaughter evaluation was carried out. Carcass lean weight and dressing percentage were evaluated, as well as the lean content of five prime cuts. Total weight of the five prime cuts was measured and its share in the half-carcass weight was determined. The rib-eye area was also measured. The CH × SI crossbreds reached significantly higher body weights at weaning, 210-day body weights and weights at finishing, as well as significantly higher daily gains in all the periods (<I>P</I> < 0.05, <I>P</I> < 0.01) and were characterized by the heaviest carcasses and most cuts, particularly the round. The crossbreds had the highest total weight of five prime cuts and total lean weight, highest weight of the round and lean weight in the round. Other relationships were found analyzing the share of each cut in the carcass. The share of tenderloin and rump in the carcass of CH × SI was significantly lower compared to the purebred bulls (<I>P</I> < 0.01) and CH × HE (<I>P</I> < 0.05). They also had a significantly lower share of the shoulder, shank and shin, as compared to the other groups, as well as a significantly higher (<I>P</I> < 0.05) share of the neck, as compared to the purebred bulls. The purebred bulls also achieved good results and had the highest share of the prime cuts and the largest mean rib-eye area.

GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS OF CATTALO, HEREFORD, AND 1/4-BRAHMAN BULL CALVES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Shear Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Daily Gain

The 1/4-Brahman bull calves exceeded those of the cattalo and Hereford by 19.6 and 14.8% in weaning weight. However, the Hereford surpassed the 1/4-Brahman and the cattalo by 11.1 and 14.9% in feedlot average daily gain. Cattalo (cattle × bison species cross) bulls weighed 17.7 and 12.0% less than 1/4-Brahman and Hereford bulls just before slaughter at an average age of 425 days. Similar differences were apparent for cold carcass weight. When age-of-dam and age-at-slaughter were covariate factors, area of the longissimus dorsi from 1/4-Brahman calves was larger by 13.5 and 8.7% than those from cattalo and Hereford. Fat thickness over the 1. dorsi did not differ among groups. Carcass weight and age at slaughter were covariates for the weights of meat cuts. Weights of loin, round, or plate cuts did not differ among groups. However, the rib cut from the 1/4-Brahman was lighter than that from the cattalo and Hereford, and the chuck cut was heavier. The Hereford exceeded the 1/4-Brahman in total weight of the more expensive rib–loin–round cuts. Warner-Bratzler shear estimates of tenderness did not differ among groups. Average fat thickness over the 1. dorsi was not significantly correlated to any of the means of the shear test on raw or broiled samples. In general, 1/4-Brahman and Hereford groups each exhibited superiority over the other two groups for several traits, while cattalo bulls did not exceed the other two groups in any of the traits considered in this study.

Growth and carcass characteristics of ram, cryptorchid and wether Border Leicester x Merino lambs: effects of increasing carcass weight.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Score Distributions

The growth and carcass characteristics of first-cross Border Leicester x Merino ram, cryptorchid and wether lambs were compared over a range of slaughter weights (35-55 kg). Lambs were offered feed ad libitum after weaning. The growth rate of wether lambs (221 g/day) was less (P< 0.01) than that of rams and cryptorchids (308 and 280 g/day respectively, P = 0.076). The dressed carcasses of the wether lambs were approximately 2 percentage units heavier than those of the ram and cryptorchids, but this difference was partly due to the weight of the testes. Across all sex groups, dressing percentage increased by 0.46 percentage units per kg increase in carcass weight. The carcasses of rams and cryptorchid lambs tended to be leaner than those of wethers. Fat score distributions, based on export standards, were such that wethers scored higher (fatter) than rams and cryptorchids (P< 0.05). There was a significant sexx carcass weight interaction with GR tissue depths. Above 17 kg carcass weight, tissue depth of wether lambs was greater than those of the other sex types. Of 12 families assessing consumer acceptability (taste, smell, size, fatness and tenderness) of leg roasts, the majority showed no preference for any of the sexes.

The effect of age, live-weight and rate-of-gain on dressing percentage and non-saleable fat content of Israel-Friesian bull calves

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levi ◽  
M. Soller ◽  
A. Shilo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Effect Of Age

Data were collected during 1961–2 on the live-weight, age and warm carcass weights of 83 lots of Israel-Friesian bull calves, 525 animals in all, the offspring of 26 sires. For varying numbers of these animals weight of various non-saleable fat components, including ruminal fat, kidney fat, inguinal fat and scapular fat were also obtained. Ruminal fat alone and ruminal fat plus kidney fat were found to be highly correlated with total non-saleable fat (r = 0·84 and 0·94, respectively). Heritability of dressing percentage was 0·20, of live-weight rate-of-gain 0·92, and of carcass rate-ofgain 0·49. The genetic correlation between live-weight and carcass weight was 0·7. Between-lot correlations indicated that increased rate-of-gain achieved through management will be accompanied by decreased dressing percentage and increased non-saleable fat content.

Effect of method of sale and various water regimens at saleyards on the liveweight, carcass traits and muscle properties of cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (122) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wythes ◽  
MJ Brown ◽  
WR Shorthose ◽  
MR Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Muscle Properties ◽  
Muscle Water Content ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Muscle Water ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Water Contents

In two experiments, we examined the effects on liveweight, carcass traits and muscle properties of (a) sending cattle to the abattoir either direct from a farm or via a saleyard, and (b) different curfew and sale procedures at a saleyard. During the 12 h curfew and 10 h sale periods, cattle were held with or without water, but always denied feed. In experiment 1, after a journey of 1320 km, 252 bullocks (mean liveweight 558 kg) were subjected to one of seven treatments. The groups transported direct to the abattoir were (1) denied water between arrival and slaughter (26 h), (2) offered water for 26 h, or (3) offered water and feed for 50 h and then water alone for 24 h. Those sent to the saleyard were given access to water (4) at all times, (5) only during the curfew and sale periods, (6) only before the curfew began, or (7) were denied water until after the sale, when all groups were offered water for 36 h until slaughter. Among the bullocks sent direct to the abattoir, the group with water for 26 h until slaughter had heavier (P< 0.0 1 ) carcasses than those denied water (331 kg vs 312 kg) and also a greater (P < 0.0 1) muscle water content, while the carcasses of the group slaughtered 2 d later were intermediate for both. Whether dressing percentages were calculated on liveweights at the start or end of the simulated sale for the four saleyard groups, the differences in mean dressing percentages between groups offered water (0.7 and 0.3 percentage units) were less than the differences between the means of the groups denied water (3.7 and 3.5 units). The increases in dressing percentage during the sale for groups with water (0.7 and 0.3 units) were less than those for the groups denied water (1.5 and 1.7 units). Differences in mean liveweights and mean muscle water contents between groups followed the same trends. Mean carcass weights did not differ significantly between saleyard groups (318-323 kg). In experiment 2, after a journey of 90 km, 152 cows (mean liveweight 323 kg) were subjected to one of four treatments. The group going direct to the abattoir was offered water for 4.5 h, fasted for 16 h and then slaughtered. For the other three groups, the saleyard treatments 4,6, or 7 of experiment 1were imposed, followed by 21 h on water and a 16 h pre-slaughter fast. Trends in dressing percentage and liveweight were similar to those recorded in experiment 1. Mean carcass weight varied (P<0. 05) between groups and tended to increase with muscle water content. Method of sale was important because it affected the time from mustering to slaughter, and thus, carcass weight. At saleyards, the practice of giving cattle continuous access to water reduced significantly the variation in liveweight, dressing percentage and muscle water content between groups with similar initial liveweights. This practice at abattoirs avoided dehydration of carcass tissues at slaughter

Body weights, carcass characteristics, fat content, and their relationships in ganders of the Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains, and Embden-sired strain crosses

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
J. N. B. Shrestha ◽  
A. A. Grunder
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Chinese Strain ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Fat

In 1986, 247 ganders of the Selected Chinese and Selected Synthetic strains, and Large Embden and Small Embden- sired strain crosses at the Greenbelt farm of the Centre for Food and Animal Research in Ottawa, Canada, were evaluated. The Chinese and Synthetic (developed from the Pilgrim, Chinese and Hungarian) strains had been selected for four generations to increase egg production over a 24-wk laying period and body weight at 16 wk of age, and simultaneously decrease total fat content. Two Embden strains, Large and Small, denoting contrasting body sizes, had been imported from the United States of America for potential use in crossbreeding as terminal sire strains. Strains and strain crosses were ranked from high to low, for body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age, liveweight at slaughter and eviscerated carcass weight. Large Embden × Selected Chinese were largest followed by Small Embden × Selected Synthetic and Small Embden × Selected Chinese strain crosses, in turn followed by the Selected Chinese and Selected Synthetic strains. Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different except for body weight at 9 wk of age and eviscerated carcass weight. The Large Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross had a dressing percent of 63, significantly higher than 60–61% for the remaining strains or strain crosses. In general, the ranking of strains and strain crosses for liver weight was similar to rankings for body weights, except that the Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different from the Selected Chinese strain, and the Small and Large Embden-sired Selected Chinese crosses had similar liver weight. The Selected Synthetic strain had a significantly smaller neck than that of the other strains and strain crosses; Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different. Large Embden × Selected Chinese and Small Embden × Selected Synthetic strain crosses and the Selected Chinese strain had similar neck weight. When fat was expressed as a percentage of carcass weight, the strains and strain crosses had similar proportion of abdominal fat. On the other hand the Large Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross had significantly more intestinal fat (4.83%) than any of the strains and strain crosses (2.97 to 3.73%) and a similar proportion of total fat (10.87%) to the Small Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross (8.79%) but significantly more than the remaining strains and strain crosses (7.53 to 8.20%). The correlations of body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age with eviscerated carcass weight (0.65 and 0.90), abdominal fat weight (0.32 and 0.59), intestinal fat weight (0.27 and 0.55) and total fat weight (0.23 and 0.47) were deemed potentially useful. The correlations between percentage of fat parameters and body weights were low (0.20 a n d 0.37) or negligible. The inherent potential in the large-bodied Embden strain for growth can complement the small-bodied Selected Chinese strain that excels in egg production, fertility and hatchability to produce a strain cross with considerable promise for commercial production of goose meat. Key words: Chinese strain, Synthetic strain, Embden strain, body weights, abdominal and intestinal fat

Carcass beef yield as a basis for carcass evaluation and marketing

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
DD Charles
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Dressing Percentage

The carcass yield of prescribed proportions of muscle and dissectible fat, described as 'carcass beef ', was studied in 49 steers of four breeds. Carcass beef consisting of 80% muscle, 20% fat and also of 75% muscle, 25% fat was predicted from fat thickness (FT), liveweight, carcass weight and dressing percentage. Carcass beef as a percentage of carcass weight was usefully estimated from FT (± 3%) but not from the other parameters. Carcass beef percentages and the corresponding FT measurements up to 15 mm were tabulated for the four breeds. There was no significant difference between the Herefords, Angus and Charolais X. Yield was less in the Friesians at a common FT, but a smaller FT was required to obtain a yield from carcasses of that breed. Carcass beef as a percentage of carcass weight, where the carcass beef composition is of specified proportions of muscle and dissectible fat, is proposed as a basis for the evaluation and marketing of carcasses.

scholarly journals Effect of protease and duration of fattening period on dressing percentage of broiler chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Doskovic ◽  
Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic ◽  
Lidija Peric ◽  
Milos Lukic ◽  
Zdenka Skrbic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Experimental Group

This study evaluates the effect of different crude protein levels in broiler diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.3% protease enzyme (Ronozyme Pro Act) on dressed carcass weight and dressing percentage during two fattening periods (49 and 63 days). The fast-growing strain Cobb 500 was used. At the end of the fattening trial i.e. at 49 and 63 days, 10 male and 10 female birds were randomly sacrificed from each experimental group to determine body weights and conventionally dressed, ready-to-roast and ready-to-grill carcass weights. The data obtained were used to calculate the dressing percentages of the differently dressed carcasses. Results indicated that carcass weights and dressing percentages were not affected by diet (P>0.05), but also showed that the increase in the length of the fattening period by two weeks (from 7 to 9 weeks) led to increased carcass weights, while dressing percentages decreased (P<0.05).

COMPENSATORY GROWTH OF BEEF CATTLE RESTRICTED AT TWO ENERGY LEVELS FOR TWO PERIODS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HIRONAKA ◽  
G. C. KOZUB
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Group 13 ◽  
M 12 ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Ninety Hereford steer calves averaging 212 kg in body weight were divided into six groups and fed an all-concentrate diet until marketing. One group was full fed; the other groups were restricted in amounts of feed for 12 or 24 wk at a low (L) or medium (M) level and then placed on full feed. The full-fed steers required 230 days to reach a market weight of 489 kg; the steers on restricted feed for 12 or 24 wk compensated by higher rates of gain when placed on full feed but still required a longer time to reach market weight. The amount of feed eaten during the entire feeding period was similar in all groups. Restricted steers had a lower dressing percentage and tended to have less backfat per unit of carcass weight than the full-fed steers but all had the same area of rib eye. Sixty percent of the carcasses graded commercial-3 in the full-fed group, 36% in the M-12 group, 43% in the L-12 group, 13% in the M-24 group, and 7% in each of the L-24 and L-12-M-12 groups. The remainder of the carcasses graded choice.

CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-WAY CROSS PROGENY FROM CHAROLAIS-, SIMMENTAL- AND LIMOUSIN-SIRED F1 DAMS VS. HEREFORD × ANGUS DAMS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-611
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Carcass Cuts

Carcass characteristics of 3673 steers and heifers born over a 6-yr period from 1973 to 1978 at Brandon, Manitoba (farm conditions) and Manyberries, Alberta (range conditions) were compared. Calves weaned at Manyberries were fed and evaluated at Lacombe, Alberta. The progeny produced were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dam mated to bulls of the Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) breeds. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S and L sires out of H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. The progeny from SN dams (Brandon) and the three S-cross dams (Lacombe) had the highest carcass weight per day of age and the progeny from LH dams (Brandon) and L dams (Lacombe) the lowest and equal to progeny from HA dams. The progeny from LN dams (Brandon) and the three L-cross dams (Lacombe) had the highest dressing percentage and the progeny from the SH dams the lowest and equal to the HA progeny. The progeny from HA dams at both locations had greater levels of average rib fat than progeny from the exotic-cross dams. At both locations, the largest rib eye area/wt (cm2/kg) was recorded by progeny from the LA dams and the smallest by progeny from the SN and CN dams and they did not differ from the HA progeny. The progeny from all exotic-cross dams at both locations recorded a higher proportion of round than progeny from the HA dams with the highest proportions being recorded by the progeny from LH dams (Brandon) and progeny from CH, CN and SN dams (Lacombe). The progeny from HA dams (Lacombe) exceeded the progeny from all exotic-cross dams in the proportion of long loin while the progeny from HA dams (Brandon) exceeded the progeny from CA, CN and SN dams. In percentage of lean in the round, the progeny from CN, SH and SN dams (Brandon) and SN dams (Lacombe) were the lowest and equal to progeny from the HA dams. The progeny from HA dams at both locations generally had the lowest percentage of bone in the long loin with progeny from the SN dams (Brandon) and progeny from CH dams (Lacombe) recording the highest percentage. The progeny from the SN and CH dams (Brandon) and the progeny from the SH and SN dams (Lacombe) recorded the highest percentage bone in the round with the progeny from CA, CN and LN dams (Brandon) and progeny from CA, SA, LH and LN dams (Lacombe) the lowest and equal to the progeny from HA dams. The progeny from exotic cross dams at both locations exceeded the progeny from HA dams in percentage lean per day of age for the combined trait long loin and round. The progeny from L-cross dams (Lacombe) had the highest lean-to-bone ratio of the combined trait long loin and round with the progeny from HA dams intermediate and equal to the progeny from the other dam crosses. At Brandon, the progeny from the LA dams had the highest lean-to-bone ratio with the progeny from the CH, CA, CN, SA and LH the lowest and equal to the HA progeny. Dam by year, dam by sex, year by sex and the genetic interaction involving breed of sire and breed of dam were not statistically significant. Key words: Cattle, breeds, carcass, cuts, composition

EMPTY BODY WEIGHTS, CARCASS WEIGHTS AND OFFAL PROPORTIONS IN BULLS AND STEERS OF DIFFERENT MATURE SIZE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
R. E. ROMPALA ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
C. H. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Animal Size

Empty body weights, carcass weights and offal proportions were compared in 33 young beef bulls and 33 beef steers of different mature body size (35 small or mainly British breed crosses, 31 large or Continental crosses). All cattle were fed a high energy diet based on corn silage and high moisture corn from weaning to slaughter. Slaughter was carried out once 6 mm of fat had been attained at the 11/12th ribs, determined ultrasonically. Feed was removed 24 h and water 16 h prior to slaughter. The offal components were all weighed fresh and the alimentary components emptied of digesta. Bulls weighed 8.0% heavier (P < 0.05) than steers at slaughter, while large animals were 38.7% heavier (P < 0.0001) than small animals. Bulls and large animals had carcasses that dressed out 1.5% heavier than steers and small animals. To eliminate the effect of gutfill, carcass weights and offal components were expressed as a proportion of empty body weight. Bulls had a higher proportion of warm carcass weight and lower proportions of liver, spleen, heart, lungs, rumen, abomasum, large intestine and front feet relative to empty body weight than steers. Large animals had a greater proportion of warm carcass weight and hind feet, and a lower proportion of head, hide, liver, kidneys, omasum and small intestine relative to empty body weight than small animals. All castration by size interactions for liveweight, carcass weight, empty body weight and offal proportions were not significant. Castration and small animal size both increased the proportion of noncarcass parts relative to empty body weight in animals slaughtered at similar finish. Key words: Body, carcass, offal, bull, steer, maturity

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