GROWTH, MORTALITY AND MEAT QUALITY OF LAMBS FED MILK REPLACERS CONTAINING FULL-FAT SOYBEAN FLOUR

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
J. D. JONES ◽  
ELIZABETH LARMOND ◽  
C. D. T. CAMERON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
The Third ◽  
The One ◽  
Reconstituted Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

The effects of incorporating full-fat soy flour (FFSF) into milk replacers on growth, mortality and meat quality of lambs were determined. In the first two experiments, the FFSF supplied 24 and 30%, respectively, of the total protein (N × 6.25), and was compared with all-milk protein (AMP) formulas. Refrigerated milk replacers at 20% (w/w) solids were fed ad libitum from nipples and a teat bar. Half the lambs on each liquid diet received only milk replacer to slaughter at 18 kg liveweight; the other half were weaned at 11 kg, and then received solid feed. The FFSF milk replacers had no significant effects on lamb weight gains or carcass evaluation (dressing per cent, fat cover and color scores, tenderness and flavor) when compared with lambs fed the AMP formulas. Meat from lambs fed only milk replacer lacked distinct lamb flavor. In the third experiment three milk replacers containing AMP or 50% of the protein from FFSF were compared: AMP (30% fat air-dry basis), FFSF (30 and 40% fat). The reconstituted milk replacers were fed twice daily at 37 ± 2 C. Liveweight gains of lambs to weaning at 4 wk old were less on the FFSF formula containing 40% fat than on the one with 30% fat. However, gains to slaughter at 41 kg were not significantly affected. Carcass data from lambs fed the three milk replacers were similar, except for increased tenderness in those fed the 40% fat formula. It was concluded that FFSF could satisfactorily supply 50% of the total protein in lamb milk replacers fed twice daily provided abomasal bloat could be prevented.

scholarly journals Influence of probiotic and prebiotic on meat quality of broiler chicken carcasses

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Irina Chervonova
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The article presents the results of studying the impact of the spore-forming probiotic “Olin” and the prebiotic “Eсofiltrum” on the meat quality of broiler chicken carcasses of the Ross-308 cross. In the course of the research, it has been found that the inclusion of these preparations in the broiler diet has a positive effect on the studied indicators: the pre-slaughter weight increased by 4.3-5.7%, the weight of the gutted carcass by 4.6-6.2%, the muscle weight 4.8-6.5%, the weight of the loin muscles by 5.7-8.2%. The ratio of edible parts to inedible parts is 4.14 in the third experimental group, 4.08-in the second, and 4.04-in the control. Based on the results of the anatomical cutting of broiler carcasses and according to the fatness indicators the poultry carcasses of the third and second experimental groups, 87.5% and 87.2%, respectively, belong to the first grade, and the yield of the first grade carcasses is 86.2% in the control group. Meat products obtained from both the control poultry and the poultry of both experimental groups has no off-aroma odor and taste, the meat is juicy, tender and aromatic. The products obtained from broiler chickens, whose ration includes the probiotic “Olin” and the prebiotic “Ecofiltrum”, do not have any deviations from the established standards and norms. During the research, it has been found that the use of the studied drugs has a positive effect on the meat quality of poultry carcasses. However, broiler chickens receiving the probiotic “Olin” has more pronounced meat qualities.

scholarly journals Experimental Testing of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Designed by Strut-And-Tie Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6217
Author(s):  
Anka Starčev-Ćurčin ◽  
Andrija Rašeta ◽  
Mirjana Malešev ◽  
Danijel Kukaras ◽  
Vlastimir Radonjanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Deep Beams ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Strut And Tie ◽  
The Third ◽  
Variation Parameter ◽  
The One

The aim of the research presented in this paper is the experimental confirmation of the numerically defined shapes of the Strut-and-Tie models, designed according to the EN 1992-1-1 recommendations, and obtained from the software “ST method”. Three reinforced concrete deep beams with openings were tested. Each of them had the same dimensions and quality of the material characteristics. The specimens, constructed as simply supported beams, were loaded with two concentrated forces and were tested for bending until failure. Each specimen was reinforced with different reinforcement layout determined by variation parameter β, incorporated in the software “ST method”. For the determination of the Strut-and-Tie models, all of the reinforcement layouts were equally favored in the first specimen (β = 1.0 for 0°, 45°, and 90°), only the horizontal direction was favored in the second (β = 1.0 for 0°), while in the third specimen the one at the angle of 45° (β = 1.0 for 45°). Based on the results of experimental research, it was concluded that the behavior of loaded members was in agreement with the proposed shapes of the Strut-and-Tie models that were used for their design, and it was confirmed that the program “ST method” can be used for obtaining Strut–and-Tie models.

scholarly journals SMOS Third Mission Reprocessing after 10 Years in Orbit

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Oliva ◽  
Manuel Martín-Neira ◽  
Ignasi Corbella ◽  
Josep Closa ◽  
Albert Zurita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
End To End ◽  
The One

After more than 10 years in orbit, the SMOS team has started a new reprocessing campaign for the SMOS measurements, which includes the changes in calibration and image reconstruction that have been made to the Level 1 Operational Processor (L1OP) during the past few years. The current L1 processor, version v620, was used for the second mission reprocessing in 2014. The new version, v724, is the one run in the third mission reprocessing and will become the new operational processor. The present paper explains the major changes applied and analyses the quality of the data with different metrics. The results have been obtained with numerous individual tests that have confirmed the benefits of the evolutions and an end-to-end processing campaign involving three years of data used to assess the improvements of the SMOS measurements quantitatively.

THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND TRYPSIN INHIBITOR CONTENT OF PROCESSED SOYBEANS FOR LAMB MILK REPLACERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Full-fat soybean flour (FFSF) was prepared from dehulled soybeans by extraction with water and NaHCO3, colloid milling, cooking and spray-drying. The apparent destruction of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) prior to cooking was variable. A rat bioassay for SBTI was conducted with diets containing 1.6% nitrogen from cooked and uncooked FFSF. Cooking the FFSF for 1 h markedly improved rat growth (4.0 vs. 2.6 g/day, P < 0.01) and weight gain/protein intake (3.3 vs. 2.5, P < 0.01). The cooked FFSF was also used in three lamb experiments to supply 0, 30, 50 or 60% of the nitrogen in milk replacers. Apparent digestion coefficients for energy were 88, 92 and 92% (P < 0.05), and for nitrogen were 94, 95 and 92% for lambs fed milk replacers containing 0, 30 or 60% of the nitrogen from FFSF. The percent of total nitrogen intake retained was 61, 63 and 55, respectively. The lower energy digestion by lambs on the zero FFSF diet was attributed to the fat being supplied only by tallow. In another experiment, when unrefined soybean oil, equal to that supplied by FFSF, was used in place of the tallow in an all-milk protein milk replacer, energy digestion by lambs was greater than with a milk replacer containing FFSF. Milk replacers containing a mixture of spray-dried skim milk and whey powders resulted in higher nitrogen digestion and retention by lambs than did a mixture of roller-dried buttermilk and whey powders, when 50% of the nitrogen was supplied by FFSF. It was concluded that milk replacers containing up to 60% of the total dietary nitrogen from FFSF were utilized satisfactorily by milk-fed lambs.

EFFECTS OF MILK, FISH, AND SOYBEAN PROTEINS IN MILK REPLACEES, AND FEEDING FREQUENCY ON PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CALVES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
H. E. POWER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Protein ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Soybean Proteins ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Soybean Protein Concentrate ◽  
Milk Replacers

Two experiments were carried out with Holstein heifer calves to determine the effect of supplying a major portion of the protein in milk replacers by isopropanol-extracted protein concentrate from whole herring (FPC) or a mixture of FPC and soybean protein concentrate (SPC). Milk replacers were compared with whole milk in experiment 1. All calves were abruptly weaned when consuming 0.5 kg starter/day, or by 5 weeks of age. Calf performance was similar when the pre-weaning liquid diet was whole milk, or milk replacers containing either milk protein or 50% of the protein from FPC. Average daily gains to weaning and to 26 weeks of age for all calves were 377 and 692 g/day, respectively. Calves in experiment 2 were fed either an all-milk protein milk replacer or one containing 98% of the protein equally from FPC and SPC. Both milk replacers were fed once daily either six or seven times per week. Calf growth to weaning was lower on the FPC–SPC formula (283 vs. 364 g/day, P < 0.01), but was not significantly different (P < 0.05) to 15 weeks of age (618 vs. 643 g/day). Feeding milk replacer six vs. seven times per week had no significant effect on calf growth. Digestibility coefficients of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy were similar in bull calves fed the all-milk or FPC–SPC protein milk replacers, but retention of absorbed nitrogen was less on the latter diet (54 vs. 45%, P < 0.10).

scholarly journals Profile of Personality and Psychopathology Dimensions of Indonesian Medical Students who Failed in Medical Doctor Competency Exams (UKMPPD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Patricia Wulandari ◽  
Rachmat Hidayat ◽  
Carla R Marchira
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Final Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
The One ◽  
Self Potential

Abstract Introduction                 Medical doctor competency exams (UKMPPD) in Indonesia is a final test that should be followed by medical student before being declared worthy of a medical doctor’s degree. This exam is certainly intended with good intentions, in order to improve the standards and quality of graduates of Indonesian doctors. However, each policy turns out to have two opposite sides of the situation, on the one hand it is profitable but on the other it often creates new problems. Students’ fear of the competency test often causes new psychological problems for students. No doubt the failure of the competency exam causes students to experience prolonged disappointment and sadness, which in turn will cause depression. This research is the first research that aim to present a description of personality and psychopathology dimension data from UKMPPD participants who failed the test.   Method This study was an exploratory descriptive study by presenting narratives of personality and psychopathology dimensions of unsuccessful UKMPPD participants. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang, Indonesia. Each participant was assessed personality and psychopathology dimensions using MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiaxial Personality Inventory-2). The results of analysis with MMPI-2 present data in the form of clinical psychic conditions, the work capacity, interpersonal relationships, the work abilities and the ability to change the self  potential of the research subjects.   Result The research subjects were UKMPPD participants who did not successfully pass the first exam. From 7 research subjects, there were 2 subjects who successfully passed the second exam (28.5%) and there were 3 people who successfully passed after the third exam (43%). Meanwhile, 2 research subjects have not successfully passed the UKMPPD exam until the fifth exam (28.5%). The results are quite surprising that of the 7 participants who failed to pass the UKMPPD exam, all of them felt depression.   Conclusion Medical students who experienced UKMPPD failures have an inability to develop their own potential which result in depression due to failure of the exam

Effects of early high nutrition related to metabolic imprinting events on growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of grass-fed Wagyu (Japanese Black cattle)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sithyphone Khounsaknalath ◽  
Kotaro Etoh ◽  
Kaori Sakuma ◽  
Kunihiko Saito ◽  
Akira Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Japanese Black Cattle ◽  
Left Half ◽  
Metabolic Imprinting ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Imf Content

Abstract The study was conducted to clarify how early high plane of nutrition related to metabolic imprinting affected growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of grass-fed Wagyu (Japanese Black cattle). Wagyu steers were allocated randomly into two dietary groups: 1) steers fed milk replacer (crude protein 26.0%, crude fat 25.5%; maximum intake 0.6 kg/d) until 3 mo of age and then fed roughage (orchard grass hay) ad libitum from 4 to 10 mo of age (roughage group, RG; n = 11); 2) steers fed milk replacer (maximum intake of 1.8 kg per day) until 3 mo of age and then fed a high-concentrate diet from 4 to 10 mo of age (early high nutrition, EHN; n = 12). After 11 mo of age, all steers were fed roughage ad libitum until 31 mo of age and then slaughtered. Growth performance, carcass traits, longissimus muscle (LM) meat quality and intramuscular fat (IMF) content, plasma Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentration, and bone mineral density were measured. Body weight was greater in EHN steers (571 kg) than RG steers (520 kg; P &lt; 0.01). Plasma IGF-I levels were higher in EHN steers than in RG steers at 3, 10, and 14 mo of age (P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.005, P &lt; 0.001, respectively); however, plasma IGF-I levels were lower in EHN steers compared to RG steers at 30 mo of age (P &lt; 0.01). The total weight of the muscles and bones of the left half of the carcass were not different between the two groups (P = 0.065). Five of the 19 muscles investigated (semimembranosus, P = 0.036; infraspinatus, P = 0.024; supraspinatus, P = 0.0019; serratus ventralis cervicis, P = 0.032; serratus ventralis thoracis, P = 0.027) were heavier in EHN steers. Total fat weight in the left half of the carcass was 30% greater (P = 0.025) in HNE carcasses. Subcutaneous and perirenal fat weights were 53% and 84% greater (P = 0.008, P = 0.002, respectively) in EHN carcasses. The LM IMF content was greater in EHN loins (13.2%) compared to RG loins (9.4%) at 31 mo of age (P = 0.038); however, no differences were found for shear force, tenderness, and cook loss. These results suggested early high-nutrition affected the growth and meat quality of livestock.

EFFECTS OF WARM VERSUS COLD MILK REPLACERS AND OF FREE-CHOICE HAY POSTWEANING ON PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIALLY REARED LAMBS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Reconstituted Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Corn Grain

In two artificial rearing experiments lambs were fed, ad libitum, either cold (4.4–7 °C) or warm (27–31 °C) milk replacer with 0.10% formalin (37%, wt/wt, formaldehyde) added to the reconstituted milk replacer. From weaning at 21 days of age to 91 days of age all lambs were fed the same high-concentrate diet (corn grain, soybean meal, 8% ground hay plus minerals and vitamins; approx. 17% crude protein, as-fed). In the second experiment half the lambs from each milk replacer treatment were fed alfalfa hay free-choice postweaning in addition to the high-concentrate diet. Equal survival rates and absence of abomasal bloat on both milk replacer treatments showed that the addition of 0.10% formalin allows warm milk replacer to be safely fed ad libitum to lambs. Both intakes and gains were higher for lambs fed warm milk replacer than for cold. In the first experiment apparent compensatory postweaning growth nullified the weight advantage at weaning for lambs fed warm milk replacer, whereas in the second experiment the weight advantage at weaning was not overcome by the apparent compensatory growth. Feeding hay free-choice postweaning (amounted to 12.5% of the overall diet), in addition to the high-concentrate diet, improved lamb gains and slightly increased feed dry matter required per kilogram of gain, as would be expected as a result of the lower energy content of the overall diet. The results indicate that the addition of 0.10% formalin allows warm milk replacer to be safely fed ad libitum to lambs; that performance, including postweaning carryover effects will be equal to, or greater than that achieved with cold milk replacer; and that free-choice hay in addition to a high-concentrate diet postweaning has a beneficial effect on lamb performance. Key words: Lambs, artificial rearing, warm vs. cold milk replacer

FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE (CONMAR 80) OR REFINED SOY FLOUR AS SUBSTITUTES FOR SKIM MILK POWDER IN CALF MILK REPLACERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1161
Author(s):  
H. DEBOER ◽  
R. R. HACKER ◽  
S. LEESON ◽  
V. WAGEMANS
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Replacers

A new commercial hexane-extracted fish meal, Conmar 80, (80% CP) and soy flour were used as protein sources in milk replacer diets for young dairy calves. Three milk replacers, identical in composition except for the diet protein source, were offered in two experiments to Holstein Friesian male calves. The three treatments were: 50% skim milk (SM), 27% whey (W); 22% SM, 47% W, 9% Conmar 80; and 22% SM, 42% W, 15% soy flour. The first experiment compared calf performance parameters and a second experiment compared digestibility parameters for the three diets. A total of 132 Holstein calves were involved in trial 1 and 12 Holstein calves in trial 2. Calf performance, feed efficiency and mortality were not different from controls when Conmar 80 was included as a protein source (36%) in milk replacer. Partial replacement of skim milk powder with soy flour as 37% of the protein source gave lower average daily gains, a higher feed conversion and mortality rate. The digestibility data for all rations were similar. The results indicated that approximately one-third of the protein in milk replacer could be provided by fish protein concentrate in place of skim milk powder without any reduction in calf performance. Key words: Dairy calves, milk replacer, performance, Conmar 80

scholarly journals Comparative research of certain traits of the living ability of gentian seed grown and wild from several locations

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Radosav Jevdjovic ◽  
Radojka Maletic
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
The Third ◽  
Germination Energy ◽  
The One ◽  
Germination Traits

Results of the laboratory study of the quality of gentian seed are analyzed in this paper. Seed originated from wild and grown plants from Zlatibor Mountain (approx. 1000 m above sea level) collected in the third decade of August 2006 and from wild and grown gentian plants around Ivanjica (approx. 1030 m above sea level) collected also in the third decade of August 2006, as well as from grown plants in the Tara Mountain (approx. 1000 m above sea level) collected during the same period. The effects of cooling (90 days at 40C) and moistening and cooling (90 days at 40C) on germination energy (GE) and total germination of seed (TG) were observed. The origin of the seed (if it comes from grown or wild plant) had influence on both investigated traits, and grown seed had slightly better germination energy and higher total germination compared to seed of wild plants. On the location in Tara we had no seed from wild plants so no comparison was possible. The location also demonstrated significant effect on traits of ability for living, so wild seed from Zlatibor was of higher quality than the one collected in the vicinity of Ivanjica. In regard to seed from grown gentian the highest quality was determined in seed grown in Zlatibor Mountain, than Tara, and the poorest germination traits were exhibited by seed grown around Ivanjica. The variant with moistening and cooling of seed regardless of the location and origin possessed better germination energy and total germination compared to seed that has only been cooled, and especially in regard to the control (no cooling). .

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