RAPESEED, PEANUT AND SOYBEAN MEALS AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS: PLASMA UREA CONCENTRATIONS OF PIGS ON DIFFERENT FEED INTAKES AS INDICES OF DIETARY PROTEIN QUALITY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. OROK ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Plasma Urea Concentration ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Plasma urea measurements were taken in an experiment designed to compare rapeseed (RSM), peanut (PNM) and soybean meals (SBM) as protein supplements for growing pigs (5–15 wk of age, 7.0–26.7 kg liveweight). Eight diets were formulated to meet National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council (1973) requirements of 10–20 kg pigs for crude protein and digestible energy. After 8–9 wk on test and following 24 h starvation, plasma urea concentrations of individual pigs were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 h postprandial, the 0 h measurements being those taken just before refeeding. Plasma volumes of individual pigs were predicted from an equation. From these volumes and plasma urea concentrations, the increase in plasma urea output was expressed as a percentage of nitrogen (N) ingested on the morning of blood sampling (U/N%) for postprandial intervals of 0–3 h, 0–7 h and 4–7 h. Plasma urea concentration showed no consistent inverse relationship to dietary protein quality. However, U/N% for the period 0–7 h postprandial ranked diets in the same order as average daily liveweight gain. Under conditions of varied feed intake this procedure of relating the increase in plasma urea output to grams N ingested (%) offers a possible method for evaluating protein supplements.

THE EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF LYSINE, LYSINE PLUS METHIONINE OR CARNITINE ON PLASMA AMINO ACIDS AND MILK PRODUCTION OF DAIRY COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Four lactating Holstein cows were each infused intravenously for periods of up to 9 days with solutions of L-lysine (15 g/day), L-lysine plus D,L-methionine (15 + 10 g/day) D,L-carnitine (20 g/day) or physiological saline. The cows were fed a ration of 2 kg chopped hay (14.8% crude protein), corn silage ad libitum (8.0% crude protein) and a concentrate mixture (16.5% crude protein) (1 kg/3 kg milk). Daily digestible protein intake was 1.85 kg/cow or 87% of calculated (National Academy of Sciences – National Research Council) requirements. There was no significant effect of infusion treatment on intake of corn silage, milk yield and composition or digestibility of the ration. The efficiencies of conversion of dietary protein to milk protein were 38.4, 38.6, 36.6 and 37.8% and nitrogen balances were 6, −2, 8 and 5 g/day for saline, lysine, lysine plus methionine and carnitine infusions. The concentration of carnitine in the milk was greater when carnitine was infused but was unaffected by the infusion of lysine and methionine. Plasma lysine and methionine were increased when these amino acids were infused. On the basis of plasma amino acid patterns it was concluded that methionine, lysine and threonine were possibly the most limiting amino acids under the conditions of this experiment and that in combination with a less than adequate energy intake (i.e. 87% of calculated requirements), infusion of lysine and methionine failed to give a response in production.

Gestational and lactational feeding strategies for gilts: Growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of the progeny

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fortin ◽  
E. J. Clowes ◽  
A. L. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Pork Quality ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This study was conducted to determine whether feeding gilts (1) at or above their National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC 1998) requirements during gestation, and (2) to lose a moderate (~10%) or large (~17%) amount of maternal protein during lactation had a residual effect on their progeny’s growth, carcass characteristics and pork quality at market weight. From each litter, the heaviest and lightest barrows and gilts were selected. The progeny of gilts fed above their requirements during gestation, and those that lost the least body protein during lactation were heavier at weaning; +0.3 kg (P < 0.05) and +0.5 kg (P = 0.01), respectively. However, these liveweight differences, which were associated with the gestation and lactation effects, were no longer evident (P > 0.05) at day 35 or 85 post-weaning. But at slaughter, these animals had thinner (P < 0.01) fat thickness and higher (P < 0.05) predicted salable meat yield. Independently of the gestation and lactation treatments, and compared to the low-weaning-weight pigs, the high- weaning-weight pigs maintained their weight advantage (P < 0.01 at day 35 (+ 2.8 kg) and day 85 (+ 5.4 kg) post-weaning), took 4.5 fewer days (P < 0.01) to reach market weight, but had similar (P > 0.05) carcass characteristics and pork quality. Key words: Gilts, gestational and lactational protein, litter, growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality

Calcium absorption and bone density in immature horses fed two levels of crude protein

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
H.S. Spooner ◽  
G.D. Potter ◽  
P.G. Gibbs ◽  
E.M. Eller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Faecal Ph

Research in other animal models indicate that high protein diets increase urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and may lead to a negative Ca balance and reduced bone density. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of two common levels of dietary protein intake on physiological parameters, Ca absorption, and bone density in immature horses. Sixteen 10-month old horses were blocked by age and sex into two dietary treatments. The control diet (C) was formulated using common ingredients to provide 100% of the National Research Council (NRC) for crude protein (CP), while the high protein diet (H) was formulated at 150% of NRC recommendations. Lower than expected dietary intake resulted in mean protein intake of 769±16 g/d in C and 978±18 g/d in H, equivalent to 91% and 116% of NRC, respectively. Blood, urine, and faeces were collected during the 112-day study to determine pH and mineral balance. Radiographs of the left third metacarpal were used to estimate bone density via radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Although urine pH decreased over time (P<0.001), no change in blood or urine pH was observed due to diet. Faecal pH, normalised to day 0, was significantly lower in H (P<0.02). Faecal Ca loss was greater in H (P<0.005); while Ca absorption and absorption as a percent of intake were lower for H (P<0.02). RBAE of dorsal and palmar cortices increased over time (P<0.001), but no differences were observed between diets. While excess dietary protein decreased faecal pH, increased faecal Ca excretion, and decreased Ca absorption, there appeared to be no effect on bone density over the course of this study.

scholarly journals The NAS-NRC Twin Registry and Duke Twins Study of Memory in Aging: An Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gatz ◽  
Brenda L. Plassman ◽  
Caroline M. Tanner ◽  
Samuel M. Goldman ◽  
Gary E. Swan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
White Male ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

AbstractThe National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC) Twin Registry is one of the oldest, national population-based twin registries in the USA. It comprises 15,924 White male twin pairs born in the years 1917–1927 (N = 31.848), both of whom served in the armed forces, chiefly during World War II. This article updates activities in this registry since the most recent report in Twin Research and Human Genetics (Page, 2006). Records-based data include information from enlistment charts and Veterans Administration data linkages. There have been three major epidemiologic questionnaires and an education and earnings survey. Separate data collection efforts with the NAS-NRC registry include the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) subsample, the Duke Twins Study of Memory in Aging and a clinically based study of Parkinson’s disease. Progress has been made on consolidating the various data holdings of the NAS-NRC Twin Registry. Data that had been available through the National Academy of Sciences are now freely available through National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA).

The National Research Council Committee on Human Factors

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 568-570
Author(s):  
Harold P. Van Cott
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Standing Committee ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
National Research Council Committee

The Committee on Human Factors, a standing committee of the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC), advises its sustaining sponsors and other requesting organizations on issues involved in the design of socio-technical systems and on the research and methods needed to help enhance their operability and safety. This paper describes the origins, purposes, operations and program of the committee and emphasizes the special attributes of this and other NAS/NRC commtittees.

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