Responses of meat chickens offered 4-deoxynivalenol- and zearalenone-containing wheat, naturally infected with Fusarium graminearum

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Mannion ◽  
BJ Blaney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Diet Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Control

The responses of meat chickens offered wheat naturally infected with F. rarninearum Schwabe (DONZEA wheat), a control wheat, a protein and trace nutrient concentrate (PTNC), and diets comprising a mixture of PTNC with either DON-ZEA or control wheat were examined over the period from 7 to 28 days of age. The six treatments were: (1) a choice of PTNC, DON-ZEA wheat and control wheat, (2) a choice of PTNC and DON-ZEA wheat, (3) a choice of PTNC and control wheat, (4) a choice of a PTNC and DON-ZEA wheat diet and a PTNC and control wheat diet, (5) a PTNC and DON-ZEA wheat diet, (6) a PTNC and control wheat diet. The DON-ZEA wheat and the DON-ZEA diet contained 19 and 12 mg 4-deoxynivalenol kg-', respectively, and 3 and 2.6 mg zearalenone kg-1, respectively. Each treatment was assigned to three groups of 10 chickens in a randomized block design. The primary response in chickens offered DON-ZEA wheat, either separately or in mixed diets, was a reluctance to eat the affected feed. This was most evident in treatment 1 when given a choice between DON-ZEA wheat (103 g wheat consumed bird -1) and control wheat (505 g wheat bird-1), and in treatment 4 when offered the DON-ZEA diet (326 g bird-1) and the control diet (821 g bird-1). The chickens showed less reluctance to eat the DON-ZEA wheat (396 g wheat bird-1) and the DON-ZEA diet (1073 g bird-1) when these were offered as the sole grain (treatment 2 ) or diet (treatment 5), respectively, although intakes were less than that of the control wheat (570 g wheat bird-') and of the control diet (1184 g bird-1) when these were offered as the sole grain or diet (treatments 3 and 6, respectively). It is concluded that diets based on wheat naturally infected with F. graminearurn may depress growth rate in meat chickens by reducing their feed consumption.

scholarly journals Effects of different doses of pig dung on the growth performance of Catla, Catlacatla (Hamilton, 1822)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-429
Author(s):  
Parag Mani Deka ◽  
Krishna Kanta Tamuli ◽  
Manas Pratim Dutta ◽  
Bipul Phukan ◽  
Sangipran Baishya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Average Production ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Doses

The experiment was carried out to study the effects of different doses of pig dung on the growth rate of Catlacatla during the summer season. Rate of application of pig dung doses were 10000 kgha-1 yr-1 ,15000 kgha-1 yr-1 , 20000 kgha-1 yr-1 and 25000 kgha-1 yr-1 . The experiment was carried out in a Completely Randomized Block Design. There were four replicates for each treatment where pig dung was applied at 10000 kgha-1 yr-1 (T1), 15000 kgha-1 yr-1 (T2), 20000 kgha-1 yr-1 (T3) and 25000 kgha-1 yr-1 (T4) and control. The control pond did not receive pig dung. After 10 days of application of pig dung, Catla was stocked at the rate of 8,000 nos./ha in the fish ponds. Sampling was done at 15 days interval to study the growth rate and health status of the fishes. At the end of 3 months period, the fishes were harvested, and the performance of growth, survival and total production was recorded viz. 72.92±6.41g.The results of the study clearly indicated that in the indirect integration system of pig-fish farming, where fresh pig dung contains 0.61% nitrogen, 0.50% phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P), the dung load of 20000 kgha-1 yr-1 is optimum for satisfactory growth of catla, which yield an average production of 5354.00 kgha-1 yr-1 .

scholarly journals Association between periphyton and bioflocs systems in intensive culture of juvenile Nile tilapia

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davi De Holanda Cavalcante ◽  
Francisco Roberto dos Santos Lima ◽  
Vanessa Tomaz Rebouças ◽  
Marcelo Vinícius do Carmo e Sá
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Underwater Structure

The present work aimed at determining the effects of the association between the periphyton-based system with the bioflocs-based system in the intensive culture of juvenile Nile tilapia (1.56 ± 0.07 g; 72 fish m-3), on variables of water quality, growth performance and effluent quality after 10 weeks. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial randomized block design with four treatments and five repetitions each. The factors tested were the following: ‘underwater structure’ (absence and presence) and ‘adjustment of the C: N ratio of water’ (no and yes). The final fish body weight, specific growth rate and yield were higher (p < 0.05) in the C: N-adjusted tanks. The presence of submerged structures in the tanks had no significant influence on those same variables. It was concluded that the periphyton-based system is not indicated for intensive farming of Nile tilapia, in which there is a high allowance of artificial feed to fish. 

scholarly journals Substitution of ractopamine by safflower or coconut oil as an additive in finishing pig diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Viviane Silva da Costa ◽  
José Aparecido Moreira ◽  
Andreza Lourenço Marinho ◽  
Natália Rocha Silva ◽  
Myllena Emelly de Paiva Carmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Oil Performance ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Fat Thickness

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to explore the substitution of ractopamine by coconut or safflower oil in finishing pig diets. The study included 24 crossbred barrows weighing 78.00 ± 8.76 kg distributed in a randomized block design with four treatments and six replicates composed of: basal ration (BR), BR + 10 ppm ractopamine, BR + four 1 g capsules of safflower oil, and BR + four 1 g capsules of coconut oil. Performance evaluation showed that safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil supplementation had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on weight gain and feed conversion. Carcass-related variables were also affected by the treatments (P < 0.05), with fat thickness 3 (FT3) reduced by the use of safflower oil, ractopamine, and coconut oil. Rib eye area was positively affected (P < 0.05) by diet, with ractopamine, coconut oil, and safflower oil supplementation treatments showing higher values than control diet treatment. The diets also affected fatty acid profiles (P < 0.05), with decreased myristic acid content in animals supplemented with ractopamine and safflower oil and increased deposition of palmitoleic and oleic acids in animals supplemented with coconut oil and safflower oil, respectively. Results suggested that both safflower oil and coconut oil can be used as substitutes for ractopamine.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PRA LANSIA PRE HIPERTENSI YANG DIBERI JUS TOMAT (Lycopersicum grandifilum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Hari Yani Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressure Treatment ◽  
And Control

The research aims to know the effect of tomato juice on blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.The design of research was a quasi experiment include pre test post test. This population was all patients posbindu aged 45-59 years. Sampling of this research randomized block design of one factorial were 6 samples divided into treatment and control group. The data which have been analyzed using univariate and bivariate. From this research were obtained the results such as the mean of sistole blood pressure before and after intervention in treatment group p = 0,273 and diastole p = 0,27. Mean systole blood pressure control group p = 0.060 and diastole p = 2.14. Distribution of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) did not given affect the decrease in blood pressure of systole diastole before and after intervention in pre-elderly pre hypertension. Whereas the difference in mean systole of blood pressure treatment and control group p = 0.935 and diastolic of blood pressure p = 0.678. There ware not difference in mean of blood pressure in the tomato juice treatment group and control of Vitamin C. The result concluded there were not effect of tomato juice (Lycopersicum grandifilum) on systolic of blood pressure in pre-elderly pre hypertension at Posbindu Puskesmas Nusa Indah Bengkulu City.

scholarly journals COCONUT MEAL INCLUSION IN HIGH CONCENTRATE SHEEP DIETS AFFECTS FEED DIGESTIBILITY AND INTAKE1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-701
Author(s):  
PAULA FABRINY MAUÉS DA SILVA ◽  
SARAH OLIVEIRA SOUSA PANTOJA ◽  
FELIPE NOGUEIRA DOMINGUES ◽  
ANIBAL COUTINHO DO RÊGO ◽  
CRISTIAN FATURI
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Coconut Meal

ABSTRACT Coconut meal can be an affordable low-cost alternative to noble ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in sheep diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coconut meal inclusions, when used as a corn and soybean meal replacement, on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance of sheep diets. Twenty-four male Santa Inês lambs with body weights (BW) of 26.6 ± 3.2 kg were used in the study. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replications. The animals received a total mixed ratio of 30% roughage (elephant grass) and 70% concentrate. The animals were fed on two experimental diets with 11% and 22% coconut meal inclusion and a control diet (without coconut meal). Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) intake as a percentage of BW were negatively influenced by the inclusion of coconut meal. The ether extract (EE) intake increased but did not differ between the 11% and 22% coconut meal diets. Furthermore, the digestibility of DM, CP, EE, and ADF did not differ between the two evaluated diets. The inclusion of coconut meal reduced NDF digestibility and increased that of NFC. The level of inclusion of coconut meal in the diet must be based on the EE content in the meal; keeping the EE intake below 0.16% of the BW helped to avoid limited intake of feed.

scholarly journals Supplementation Of Concentrate With Different Levels Of Protein On Nutrient Intake, Digestibility And Growth Of Red Chittagong Heifers

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
S Barua ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
SS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of concentrate supplementation with different protein levels on intake, digestibility and growth performance of Red Chittagong (RC) heifers fed urea molasses straw (UMS) based diet. Twelve RC heifers having average live weight of 124.83±43.15 kg and aged between 8 to 14 months were selected for 90 days feeding trial. Animals were divided into four groups having three animals in each and were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The experimental diets were formulated using urea molasses straw (UMS), German grass (Echinochloa grousgalli) with or without concentrate mix (having different levels of protein). All the animals received UMS ad libitum and German grass at the rate of 20% of total DM intake. In addition to UMS and German grass of control diet T0, animals on diets T1, T2 and T3 were supplied with concentrate mixture at the rate of 10% of DM intake containing 15, 20 and 25% CP, respectively. Average daily DM intake was 2.65, 3.06, 2.62 and 2.86 kg/100 kg LW for diets T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively and the difference was non significant (P>0.05). The digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NFE and digestible nutrients (DCP, DEE and DNFE) for diets T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher than those for diet T0. The daily average liveweight gain of RC heifers fed diets T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 100, 275, 333 and 291 g respectively (P<0.01). Concentrate mixture having 20% crude protein may be supplemented at the rate of 10% of DM intake per day for optimum growth of Red Chittagong heifers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9861 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 10-16

scholarly journals Influence of Mother Rhizome Retrieval and Organic Treatment of the Retrieved Plants on Economic Yield of Ginger at Salyan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
M. Basnet ◽  
H. Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Retrieval Factor ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
And Control

An experiment was conducted at Salyan, Nepal to assess the mother rhizome retrieval and organic treatment of the same retrieved plant on economic yield of ginger during 2015/16.‘ Kapurkot Aduwa-1’, a superior Nepalese variety was used for this experiment. Two dates i.e. 1 September and 7 September were used as a time of retrieval factor and seven organic treatments i.e. Trichoderma, Jeevatu, Bordeaux paste, mixture of neem and timur dust, vermicompost, jholmal and control as second factor and these 14 treatment combinations were laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The plant height, leaf number, tiller number was found to be significantly highest with vermicompost treatment on all days 5 days interval after harvesting of the mother rhizome whereas the lowest was observed at control. The mother rhizome yield and fresh rhizome was found to be significantly highest on vermicompost applied field with 1.7 t/ha and 22.8 mt/ha respectively and lowest fresh rhizome yield (15.5. t/ha) was found with control. The disease yield was significantly lowest (0 t/ha) and highest (0.2 t/ha) with the control. Benefit cost ratio was found to be significantly highest (1.74) and lowest at control (1.32).

EFFECT OF ADDING POTENTIAL VOMITOXIN (DEOXYNIVALENOL) DETOXICANTS OR A F. graminearum INOCULATED CORN SUPPLEMENT TO WHEAT DIETS FED TO PIGS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. FRIEND ◽  
H. L. TRENHOLM ◽  
K. E. HARTIN ◽  
J. C. YOUNG ◽  
B. K. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Stomach Mucosa ◽  
Ad Libitum

Six groups each of five barrows and five gilts were offered ad libitum one of six pelleted diets containing 68% wheat. A pellet binder was added (1.5%) to all diets. There were three clean wheat diets, one unsupplemented, one supplemented with a binding agent (Antitox Vana) and another with Fusarium graminearum inoculated corn; also, three vomitoxin-contaminated wheat diets, one unsupplemented, one supplemented with Antitox Vana and another with ammonium carbonate. Vomitoxin content was negligible in the clean wheat (control) diet, and was about 5 mg/kg in the three contaminated diets and 14 mg/kg in the inoculated corn diet. Pigs weighed 35 kg initially and a necropsy was conducted on each after 5 wk on experiment. Feed consumption was reduced 15–17% with the contaminated wheat diets, and approximately 50% with the inoculated corn diet from which effect the pigs seemed never to recover to the level of those fed the contaminated wheat diets. Discoloration of the stomach mucosa, and epithelial thickening of the esophageal area occurred in more pigs fed the contaminated wheat diets than those fed the clean wheat (control) diet, and a more marked response was evoked by the inoculated corn diet. The addition of the binding agent or the ammonium carbonate did not appear in this experiment to alleviate any of these effects. Key words: Vomitoxin, deoxynivalenol, antitoxin, wheat, inoculated corn, pigs

Influence of Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase supplementation of wheat and corn based diets on growth performance of pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Van Lunen ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing wheat- and corn-based diets with xylanase on growth performance and FCR of pigs from 10 to 18 wk of age. Seventy-tow castrated male pigs were assigned to pens of two and in a randomized block design to six dietary treatments consisting of diets containing 60% wheat, 40% wheat and 20% corn, and 20% wheat and 40% corn with and without supplementation with xylanase. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Xylanase supplementation improved growth rate and FCR by 9.2 and 5.3%, respectively, regardless of level of wheat and corn inclusion. Key words: Pig, growth, feed enzyme, Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase, wheat, corn

Cottonseed meal in broiler diets. 2. Considerations of some aspects of amino acid balance and gossypol level in cottonseed meal and cottonseed-meat meal starter diets

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Packham ◽  
CG Payne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cottonseed Protein ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Three broiler starter experiments investigated the inclusion of cottonseed meal in diets based on grain sorghum. In the first, 35.5 per cent cottonseed meal inclusion in lieu of 28.5 per cent soyabean meal was studied. Additional 0.05 per cent ferrous sulphate, to counteract gossypol toxicity in the cottonseed diets, increased feed consumption by 4.3 per cent and improved liveweight gain by 2.2 per cent. Dietary leucine at 1.25 per cent tended to give better performance than either 1 .I 5 or 1.35 per cent. No differences in performance occurred with isoleucine levels of 0.54 - 0.74 per cent. On the better cottonseed diets growth rate equalled that on the soya controls, though feed conversion was inferior. In the second experiment meat meal protein replaced 0, 25 or 50 per cent of the cottonseed meal protein. Growth was optimal on the cottonseed meal diet with 1.35 - 1.45 per cent total dietary lysine. On the meat meal-cottonseed meal diets, lysine levels of between 1.10 - 1.45 gave no significant differences in growth rate or feed efficiency. Leucine supplementation in addition to lysine did not affect performance. Overall, the diets with one-half meat meal protein substitution for cottonseed meal protein resulted in significantly depressed growth. In the third experiment, half the cottonseed protein was replaced by either a 'normal' meat meal or a meat meal containing blood. The cottonseed meal-normal meat meal diet was shown to be equally deficient in leucine and isoleucine, whereas the cottonseed meal-meat meal with blood diet was deficient in isoleucine only. With adequate amino acid supplementation, the performance on these cottonseed meal-meat meal diets was not inferior to that of a control diet based on soyabean meal.

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