EFFECTS OF BARLEY AND WHEAT CULTIVARS ON GROWTH OF THE CHICK

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. STRAIN ◽  
A. P. PILOSKI
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Daily Gain

Five barley (Hordeum sp.) and three wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cultivars, each supplemented with minerals and vitamins, were fed to White Leghorn cockerel chicks. Differences due to barley cultivars were significant for shank length but not for average daily gain, although the ranking was identical for both traits (r = 0.997). No large differences were found between the wheat cultivars. Body weight at 10 weeks, feed efficiency, and mortality were not affected by cultivar.

scholarly journals PSXIV-34 Encapsulated nitrate on performance of growing Nellore bulls under grazing system during the dry season

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 431-432
Author(s):  
Cibelle B Figueiredo ◽  
Mauricia B Silva ◽  
Juliano Fernandes ◽  
Alana M Calaça ◽  
Higor Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate as a partial substitute for soybean meals in the concentrate dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed efficiency of Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions, during the dry season. Sixty-four weaned Nellore (initial BW = 177.46±3.77 kg and 9 mo old) were used in a completely randomized assay. The study lasted 84 days on the dry season. Animals were allotted into 16 paddocks of 1.0 ha each of Urochloa brizantha, randomly assigned into one of two treatments: (CTL) supplement with 25% CP, without nitrate inclusion and; (ENP): supplement with 25% CP, with a inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate to each 100 kg of body weight. Animals were fed with concentrate at 1.0% of body weight. Concentrate offered was monitored daily as well as his refusals were collected and weighed to determine daily concentrate dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (F:G). Animals were weighed every 28 d for calculating average daily gain (ADG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, using ANOVA (α = 0.05). No effects of treatments (P > 0.3487) were observed for final BW (246.69 kg). The same for concentrate dry matter intake (P > 0.0550). Animals consumed 2.34 kg of supplement per day. The average daily gain (0.832 kg, P > 0.2649) and feed efficiency (0.356 kg, P > 0.7315) were not affected by the inclusion of nitrate. The inclusion of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate in supplement to Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions during the growing phase did not affect the performance.

scholarly journals Productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs in large groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thusith S Samarakone ◽  
Harold W Gonyou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Daily Gain

A total of eight 11-wk trials were conducted to evaluate the productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 31.8 ± 5.4 kg (mean ± SD), n = 2304] in two group size treatments (18 and 108 pigs pen-1). Pigs were housed on fully-slatted floors, provided one wet/dry feeder space for every nine pigs, and a floor space allowance of 0.76 m2 pig-1 in both group sizes. The level of aggression at grouping was recorded for 2 h starting 0, 24 and 48 h following grouping into small and large groups. Pigs were weighed on weeks 0, 2, 5, 7 and 11, and average daily gain (ADG) was obtained. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was recorded during two periods (weeks 2 to 5 and 7 to 11). There was no difference in percentage of time spent on aggression between two group sizes up to 48 h following grouping. ADG for the entire 11-wk trial was affected (2%) by large group size (0.971 and 0.955 kg d-1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; P < 0.05). However, the greatest effect on ADG was observed during the first 2 wk following grouping (0.919 and 0.833 kg d-1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; P < 0.001). There were no significant effects due to group size on ADFI, feed efficiency, variability in final BW within a pen, carcass traits or mortality and morbidity (P > 0.05). In summary, the overall productivity and aggression at grouping did not differ substantially between group sizes of 18 and 108 pigs pen-1. Key words: Large groups, grower-finisher, pigs, productivity, aggression

Response of nursery pigs to diets with increasing levels of raw peas

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Friesen ◽  
E. Kiarie ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Daily Gain

Five corn-soybean-based diets were formulated to contain 0, 15, 20, 25, or 30% raw peas and fed for 35 d to ninety-six 21-d-old pigs. Raw peas were included at the expense of corn and soybean meal. Increasing levels of raw peas depressed daily gain (P = 0.07), feed intake (P = 0.04) from days 21 to 56. Specifically, pigs fed diet with 25% peas had 19 and 25% lower average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), respectively, than pigs fed the diet with 0% peas. The body weight (BW) was also linearly reduced (P = 0.10) on day 56. However, diets did not affect feed efficiency. Key words: Growth performance, peas, pig

scholarly journals The use of "kaun" (Local Potash) as a mineral source in the diet of West African Dwarf sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
A. M. Adeleye ◽  
A. B. J. Aina ◽  
I. F. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Dwarf Sheep

The study was conducted for 48 days to assess the use of kaun as a source of mineral for Hest African Dwarf sheep. The study was in two parts. Experiment l involved the use of milled kaun mixed with formulated concentrate consisting of wheat offal (50%), palm kernel cake (25%) and dried brewer's grains (25%). Experiment II was the use of dissolved kaun administered to the animals in form / drenching. Each group of animals in experiment 1 was allocated to experimental diet containing milled kaun (0.00, 0.14, 0.28, 0.45 and 0.56g/kg body weight/ram. day) and to kaun solution (0,2,4,6 and 8g: 10ml of water/ram/day) in experiment II. In Experiment I, significant (P<0.05) effects of the diets were observed on average daily gain, dry matter intake and water consumption. The rams on D3 significantly (P<0.05) performed better in daily gain, dry matter intake and feed efficiency than those on other dietary treatment. Water consumption increased with increasing level of kaun in the diets. Animals on D5 had the highest water consumption. No significant (P>0.05) effects of the diets were observed on faecal and urinary mineral outputs of the rams fed kaun supplemented diet. The concentration of these minerals was higher at the end of the experiment than at the beginning thereby giving positive balance. Significant (P<0.05) negative mineral balance was noticed between serum mineral before and after the experiment. This could suggest that mineral utilization was encouraged by kaun inclusion in the concentrate feed. In Experiment II, there were significant (P<0.05) effects of the test diets on average daily gain, dry matter intake and water consumption. Diet 4 (g/10ml of water/ram/day) and D5 (8g:10ml of water/ram/day) performed better with an average daily gain of 100g/d and 92.9g/d; dry matter intake, 70g W0.7kg and 66g/W0.75kg; feed efficiency 0.700 and 0.710, respectively. Water consumption also increased with increase in the concentration of kaun solution but water consumption in treatment groups was lower than in the control (0.10L/kg body weight). The results of this study suggest that 0.28g kaun kg body weight ram/d) promoted better performance in experiment / while 6g kaun/10ml of water, or 8g kaun 10ml of water/ram/d promoted better performance in experiment II. These levels of kaun as a source of mineral in sheep production are therefore recommended for optimum performance.

scholarly journals The Implications of Changing Age and Weight at Slaughter of Heavy Pigs on Carcass and Green Ham Quality Traits

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2447
Author(s):  
Isaac Hyeladi Malgwi ◽  
Luigi Gallo ◽  
Veronika Halas ◽  
Valentina Bonfatti ◽  
Giuseppe Carcò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Dry Cured Ham ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Daily Gain

Italian dry-cured ham production requires pigs to be slaughtered at 160 ± 16 kg at 9 months of age (control, C). The study explored three alternatives, based on different feeding conditions: (1) allowing pigs to express their growth potential by letting them reach 160 ± 16 kg slaughter weight (SW) at younger slaughter age (SA) (younger Age, YA); (2) allowing pigs to express their growth potential by maximizing their SW at 9 months SA (greater weight, GW); (3) increasing the SA required to reach 160 ± 16 kg SW (older age, OA). Pigs (336 C21 Goland, 95 kg initial body weight) were slaughtered on average at 257, 230, 257, and 273 d SA and 172.7, 172.3, 192.9, and 169.3 SW kg for the four treatments, respectively. C pigs had an average daily gain (ADG) of 715 g/d and feed efficiency (FE) of 0.265 (gain to feed). Compared to C, YA pigs had higher ADG (+32%), FE (+7.5%), and better ham adiposity; GW pigs had higher carcass weight (+12%), ADG (+25%), trimmed ham weight (+10.9%), and better ham adiposity. OA treatment affected ADG (−16.4%), FE (−16.6%), and trimmed ham weight (−3.6%). YA and GW could be promising alternatives to C as they improved FE and ham quality traits.

scholarly journals Essential Oils in the Diet of Crossbred (½ Angus vs. ½ Nellore) Bulls Finished in Feedlot on Animal Performance, Feed Efficiency and Carcass Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayane Cristina Rivaroli ◽  
Rodolpho Martin Do Prado ◽  
Mariana Garcia Ornaghi ◽  
Camila Mottin ◽  
Tatiane Rogério Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the animal performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of 27 crossbred bulls (½ Angus vs. ½ Nellore), finished in feedlot for 120 days, with the addition of distinct levels of essential oils in the diets. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized trial and animals were distributed into three treatments: control (CON), addition of 500 mg/kg of DM/animal/day of a mix of essential oils (E500), and addition of 1000 mg/kg of DM/animal/day of a mix of essential oils (E1000). The essential oils supplemented to the diets were based on a combination of vegetal extracts from: oregano, garlic, lemon, rosemary, thymus, eucalyptus and sweet orange. The bulls had an average age of 12±2 months and weight of 243.4±6.8 kg when the trial started. The roughage and concentrate ratio was 10% and 90%, respectively. The inclusion of essentials oils in the diets did not affect final body weight, average daily gain, and feed intake, but there was a tendency for improved feed efficiency for the E500 treatment. The ADG ranged from 1.55 to 1.70. Average DMI and feed conversion were 7.07 kg/day and 4.31, respectively. Essentials oil levels did not affect the carcass characteristics. More studies are needed to elucidate the synergism of combinations of essential oils in the rumen.

Effects of periodic feeding of diets containing ochratoxin A on the performance and clinical chemistry of pigs from 15 to 50 kg body weight

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lippold ◽  
S. C. Stothers ◽  
A. A. Frohlich ◽  
R. J. Boila ◽  
R. R. Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Daily Gain

Diets containing zero (0), low (L) or high (H) concentrations of ochratoxin A (OA), 0.0, 0.5 and 2.5 mg kg−1 diet, respectively, were fed to barrows of initial body weight 14.8 kg (SD = 1.49) over three successive periods, each of 21-d duration. The four treatment combinations (TC1 to TC4) were the feeding of diets that differed in OA content in Periods 1 and 2, respectively, 0 and 0 diets for TC1, 0 and H diets for TC2, L and 0 diets for TC3, and L and H diets for TC4. An OA-free diet (0) was fed to all animals in Period 3. Average daily gain was lower with L (P < 0.05) and H (P < 0.01) diets compared to the 0 diet. Feed intake was lower (P < 0.05) and feed efficiency was poorer (P < 0.01) with the H compared to the 0 diet. A change in kidney function was indicated with OA in both L and H diets: (1) hyperproteinemia (P < 0.05, L and H diets), without (P > 0.05) a change in serum albumin; and (2) azotemia, a higher serum urea (P < 0.05, L diet) and creatinine (P < 0.01, L and H diets). Hypocholesterolemia and hypercalcemia were noted (P < 0.01) with the H compared to the 0 diet. The TC2 pigs recovered with a higher than normal average daily gain in Period 3 after 21 d of dietary OA in Period 2; however, the requirement for Zn and (or) P may differ after this exposure to OA. For TC4 pigs, a low serum albumin after Period 3 was indicative of a residual kidney damage after 42 d of dietary OA in Periods 1 and 2. The results suggest that pigs weighing 15 to 24 kg did not adapt to OA when a sequence of L diet followed by H diet was fed during successive 21-d periods. Key words: Pigs, ochratoxin A, growth, serum chemistry

scholarly journals Anabolic Implants Varying in Hormone Type and Concentration Influence Performance, Feeding Behavior, Carcass Characteristics, Plasma Trace Mineral Concentrations, and Liver Trace Mineral Concentrations of Angus Sired Steers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1964
Author(s):  
Caleb C. Reichhardt ◽  
Elizabeth M. Messersmith ◽  
Tevan J. Brady ◽  
Laura A. Motsinger ◽  
Reganne K. Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Anabolic Implants ◽  
Daily Gain

Fifty Angus-sired steers were utilized to evaluate the effects of anabolic implants varying in hormone type and concentration on performance, carcass traits, and plasma and liver trace mineral concentrations over 129 d. Steers were stratified by weight into one of four (n = 12 or 13/treatment) implant treatments: (1) estradiol (E2; 25.7 mg E2; Compudose, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA), (2) trenbolone acetate (TBA; 200 mg TBA; Finaplix-H, Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ, USA), (3) combination implant (ETBA; 120 mg TBA + 24 mg E2; Revalor-S, Merck Animal Health), or (4) no implant (CON). Steers were randomly assigned to pens equipped with GrowSafe bunks and fed a corn and barley-based finishing ration. Overall average daily gain and body weight were greater for ETBA and TBA than CON (p ≤ 0.04), but not E2 (p ≥ 0.12). Feed efficiency and hot carcass weight were only greater than CON for ETBA (p ≤ 0.03). Plasma and d 2 liver Zn concentrations were lesser for ETBA than CON (p ≤ 0.01) and d 10 liver Mn was lesser (p = 0.0003) for TBA than CON. These data indicate that implants containing TBA influence growth and trace mineral parameters, though more work investigating this relationship is necessary.

scholarly journals PSIV-B-28 Late-Breaking: Performance and carcass quality of Nelore bull’s progenies with contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 319-321
Author(s):  
Taiane S Martins ◽  
Juliana Silva ◽  
Lenise Mueller ◽  
Tamyres Amorim ◽  
Annelise Aila G Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Nelore Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance and the carcass traits of Nelore cattle progenies from bulls selected by contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity, through the Expected Progeny Difference (EPD). One hundred and five Nelore bulls (initial weight of 350kg±15kg) and 20 months of age were confined and fed with same diet (73% of concentrate). Thirty-two animals were selected to create the contrasting groups for precocity, growth and muscularity (16 animals assigned as a low EPD group - LEPD and 16 animals assigned as a high EPD group - HEPD), based on the EPD of their parents. The ribeye area and backfat thickness were performed by ultrasonography of 12–13th rib fat thickness and longissimus muscle area (LMA), as well as rump fat thickness (RF) measurements. Animals were harvested after 100 days and during the deboning, meat cuts were weight for cutting yield. The animals selected for the HEPD group had greater average daily gain (P = 0.006), which can be explained by the higher feed intake (P = 0.006). However, there are no difference between groups for the final body weight (P = 0.254) and feed efficiency (P = 0.715). The LEPD group presented higher dressing percentage (P = 0.028). Although the groups evaluated did not presented difference in LMA (P = 0.329) and weight of longissimus muscle (P = 0.480), the weight of rump displayed heaviest in the HEPD (P = 0.037). There was no difference between groups for RF (P = 0.086). Nevertheless, backfat thickness was higher in HEPD group (P = 0.006). The present study indicates that Nelore cattle progenies, with parents displaying higher potential for precocity, growth, and muscularity, show greater backfat thickness and weightiest of rump than the other genetic backgrounds. Thanks to FAPESP for the scholarship (Grant # 2017/02349–1).

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