VARIATION IN PROXIMATE FRACTIONS AND B-VITAMINS IN SASKATCHEWAN FEED GRAINS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NIK-KHAH ◽  
K. H. HOPPNER ◽  
F. W. SOSULSKI ◽  
B. D. OWEN ◽  
K. K. WU
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
B Vitamin

Two varieties each of wheat and oats and three varieties of barley were grown during a 5-year period at 16 locations representing the main soil types and zones in Saskatchewan. Year (climatic) factors were responsible for significant variations in the concentration of proximate fractions and B-vitamins in each crop. The effects of soil type and zone on nutrient levels were relatively small and inconsistent. The season × soil zone interactions were significant but the mean squares were very small. Differences between varieties in content of proximate fractions were similar to those reported in the literature and significant differences in B-vitamin content were also noted. The Saskatchewan-grown wheat, barley, and oats contained considerably more crude protein than has been reported elsewhere. In addition, the nicotinic acid content of barley and oats was greater than published values, whereas the pantothenic acid level in oats appeared low. Coefficients of variation for the proximate fractions varied between 2 and 11% and, for the B-vitamins, the range was 9–28%. Many of the correlation coefficients between the proximate fractions and B-vitamins in the three cereal grains were significant. However, the coefficients were generally of low magnitude and had no predictive value.

PROXIMATE PRINCIPLES AND B-VITAMINS IN SASKATCHEWAN FEED GRAINS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Hoppner ◽  
B. D. Owen ◽  
F. W. Sosulski
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
The Mean

The proximate principles, and thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid were studied in wheat (Canthatch and Selkirk), barley (Husky, Parkland and Hannchen) and oats (Garry and Rodney) grown in 1964 and 1965 at 16 locations representing the main soil types and zones in Saskatchewan. Percentages of the proximate principles were similar to those reported in the literature except for crude protein, which was considerably higher in all three grains. Vitamin levels in several instances differed markedly from those reported elsewhere. Standard deviations were approximately 2% of the mean for nitrogen-free-extract; 10% for the other proximate constituents; 15–20% for thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid; and 20–30% for pantothenic acid.The practical significance of soil zone, variety and year effects is discussed. Correlations between levels of the various nutrients were, for the most part, similar to those reported by other workers.

scholarly journals Adaptive laboratory evolution and reverse engineering of single-vitamin prototrophies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Perli ◽  
Dewi P.I. Moonen ◽  
Marcel van den Broek ◽  
Jack T. Pronk ◽  
Jean-Marc Daran
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Laboratory Evolution ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractQuantitative physiological studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae commonly use synthetic media (SM) that contain a set of water-soluble growth factors that, based on their roles in human nutrition, are referred to as B-vitamins. Previous work demonstrated that, in S. cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D, requirements for biotin could be eliminated by laboratory evolution. In the present study, this laboratory strain was shown to exhibit suboptimal specific growth rates when either inositol, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) or thiamine were omitted from SM. Subsequently, this strain was evolved in parallel serial-transfer experiments for fast aerobic growth on glucose in the absence of individual B-vitamins. In all evolution lines, specific growth rates reached at least 90 % of the growth rate observed in SM supplemented with a complete B-vitamin mixture. Fast growth was already observed after a few transfers on SM without myo-inositol, nicotinic acid or pABA. Reaching similar results in SM lacking thiamine, pyridoxine or pantothenate required over 300 generations of selective growth. The genomes of evolved single-colony isolates were re-sequenced and, for each B-vitamin, a subset of non-synonymous mutations associated with fast vitamin-independent growth were selected. These mutations were introduced in a non-evolved reference strain using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. For each B-vitamin, introduction of a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve substantially a increased specific growth rate in non-supplemented SM that represented at least 87% of the specific growth rate observed in fully supplemented complete SM.ImportanceMany strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a popular platform organism in industrial biotechnology, carry the genetic information required for synthesis of biotin, thiamine, pyridoxine, para-aminobenzoic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid and inositol. However, omission of these B-vitamins typically leads to suboptimal growth. This study demonstrates that, for each individual B-vitamin, it is possible to achieve fast vitamin-independent growth by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). Identification of mutations responsible for these fast-growing phenotype by whole-genome sequencing and reverse engineering showed that, for each compound, a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve fast growth in its absence. These results form an important first step towards development of S. cerevisiae strains that exhibit fast growth on cheap, fully mineral media that only require complementation with a carbon source, thereby reducing costs, complexity and contamination risks in industrial yeast fermentation processes.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Acute Postprandial Circulating B-Vitamin and Vitamer Responses to Single Breakfast Meals in Young and Older Individuals: Preliminary Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaja Sharma ◽  
Nicola Gillies ◽  
Shikha Pundir ◽  
Chantal A. Pileggi ◽  
James F. Markworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Flavin Mononucleotide ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
B Vitamin

B-vitamin deficiency is common in ageing populations either due to altered dietary habits or altered digestive and metabolic functions. There is limited data on the acute circulating concentrations of B-vitamins and their various forms (vitamers), following ingestion of realistic meals. This study compared the acute circulating B-vitamin and vitamer responses to either an energy-dense (ED) or a nutrient-dense (ND) breakfast meal, consumed in a randomized cross-over sequence, in older and younger adults (n = 15 and 15, aged 67.3 ± 1.5 and 22.7 ± 0.5 years (mean ± SEM), respectively). Eleven differing B-vitamins and vitamers were determined in plasma samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in the fasting and postprandial state (hourly for 5 h). While postprandial thiamine concentration increased following both meals, riboflavin increased only following a ND meal in both age groups. Many vitamins including nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal-5’phosphate, and 4-pyridoxic acid remained unaltered, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide and nicotinuric acid concentrations reduced following both meals. Biological age and food composition had minimal impact on postprandial B-vitamin concentrations, yet the differences between the ED and ND meals for riboflavin highlight the importance of riboflavin intake to achieve adequacy.

scholarly journals Acceleration of 2D-MR fingerprinting by reducing the number of echoes with increased in-plane resolution: a volunteer study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-791
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yokota ◽  
Tomohisa Okada ◽  
Yasutaka Fushimi ◽  
Akira Yamamoto ◽  
Satoshi Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Volunteer Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
High Repeatability ◽  
Measurement Repeatability

Abstract Objective To compare the absolute values and repeatability of magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) with 3000 and 1500 echoes/slice acquired in 41 s and 20 s (MRF3k and MRF1.5k, respectively). Materials and methods MRF3k and MRF1.5k scans based on fast imaging with steady precession (FISP) were conducted using a 3 T scanner. Inter-scan agreement and intra-scan repeatability were investigated in 41 and 28 subjects, respectively. Region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was conducted on T1 values of MRF3k by two raters, and their agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Between MRF3k and MRF1.5k, differences in T1 and T2 values and inter-measurement correlation coefficients (CCs) were investigated. Intra-measurement repeatability was evaluated using coefficients of variation (CVs). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The ICCs of ROI measurements were 0.77–0.96. Differences were observed between the two MRF scans, but the CCs of the overall ROIs were 0.99 and 0.97 for the T1 and T2 values, respectively. The mean and median CVs of repeatability were equal to or less than 1.58% and 3.13% in each of the ROIs for T1 and T2, respectively; there were some significant differences between MRF3k and MRF1.5k, but they were small, measuring less than 1%. Discussion Both MRF3k and MRF1.5k had high repeatability, and a strong to very strong correlation was observed, with a trend toward slightly higher values in MRF1.5k.

735. The B-vitamin content of milk in relation to breed of cow and stage of lactation

1958 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Gregory ◽  
J. E. Ford ◽  
S. K. Kon
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
B Vitamin

1. Microbiological methods were used to measure biotin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, ‘vitamin B6’ and vitamin B12 in milk from Guernsey, Friesian and Shorthorn cows.2. A study was made of day-to-day variations and breed differences in the B-vitamin content of such milk. Fluctuations in each vitamin were observed from one day to the next in milk from individual cows, these variations being especially marked with biotin and vitamin B12. In addition, the variations in the mean vitamin levels of milk from cows of the same breed were generally greater than any breed difference.3. Samples of milk from ten Friesian and ten Shorthorn cows were taken at intervals throughout one complete lactation and analysed for each of the vitamins mentioned above. The results of this study of lactational trends are presented in detail.

scholarly journals Validated B Vitamin Quantification from Lentils by Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Zhang ◽  
Devini De Silva ◽  
Dilanganie Dissanayaka ◽  
Thomas D. Warkentin ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Selected Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractA validated method for B vitamin separation and quantification from lentil seeds using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (UPLC-SRM MS) was reported. The use of three enzymes (acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and rat serum) with a 4 h incubation was sufficient to convert bound B vitamins into their free forms. Twenty B vitamers were selected and a 5-min UPLC-SRM MS method was optimized for rapid analysis. This method was applied to quantify B vitamin concentration during lentil seed germination over a 5-day period. Total B vitamins increased up to 1.5-fold on day 5 (from 39.2 µg/g to 60.6 µg/g of dry weight) comparing with dry seeds. Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) was the most abundant B vitamin in both dry seeds (34.2%) and in germinated seeds (17.7%-24.5% of total B vitamins); B8 (biotin) and B12 (cyanocobalamin) were not detected in lentil samples.

scholarly journals Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for determination of B vitamins and some its derivatives in whole blood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kahoun ◽  
Pavla Fojtíková ◽  
František Vácha ◽  
Eva Nováková ◽  
Václav Hypša
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Tetrahydrofolic Acid ◽  
B Vitamin

AbstractObligate symbiotic bacteria associated with the insects feeding exclusively on vertebrate blood are supposed to complement B vitamins presumably lacking in their diet, vertebrate blood. Recent genomic analyses revealed considerable differences in biosynthetic capacities across different symbionts, indicating that levels of B vitamins vary across different vertebrate hosts. However, a rigorous determination of B vitamins content in blood of various vertebrates has not yet been approached. A reliable analytical method focused on B vitamin complex in blood and hemolymph can provide valuable informative background and understanding of general principles of insect symbiosis.In this work chromatographic separation of a mixture of eight B vitamins (B1 – thiamine, B2 – riboflavin, B3 – niacin, B5 – pantothenic acid, B6 – pyridoxine, B7 – biotin, B9 – folic acid and B12 – cyanocobalamine), four B vitamin derivatives (B3 – niacinamide, B6 – pyridoxal-5-phosphate, B6 – 4-pyridoxic acid and B9 – tetrahydrofolic acid) and 3 stable isotope labelled internal standards (B3 – niacin-13C6, B5 – pantothenic acid (di-β-alanine-13C6,15N2) and B7 – biotin-(ring-6,6-d2)) on C30 column was developed. Detection was carried out using dual-pressure linear ion trap mass spectrometer in FullScan MS/MS and SIM mode. Matching internal standards with analytes was done according to the results of linearity, accuracy and precision. Except for vitamin B9 (tetrahydrofolic acid) instrument quantitation limits of all analytes were ranging from 0.42 to 5.0 μg/L, correlation coefficients from 0.9997 to 1.0000 and QC coefficients from 0.53 to 3.2 %.Optimization of whole blood sample preparation step was focused especially on evaluation of two types of protein-precipitation agents: trichloroacetic acid and zinc sulphate in methanol. Samples of whole blood prepared in six independent replicates were spiked at 10 μg/L and 100 μg/L level. The best results were obtained for zinc sulphate in methanol, but only nine analytes (B1 – thiamine, B2 – riboflavin, B3 – niacin, B3 – niacinamide, B5 – pantothenic acid, B6 – pyridoxine, B6 – 4-pyridoxic acid, B7 – biotin and B12 – cyanocobalamine) were successfully validated. Accuracy of the procedure using this protein-precipitating agent was ranging from 89 to 120 %, precision from 0.5 to 13 % and process efficiency from 65 to 108 %.HighlightsLC-MS/MS method for quantitation of eight B vitamins and four B vitamin derivatives was developed.Deproteinization agents trichloroacetic acid and ZnSO4/methanol were tested for protein precipitation of whole blood.Accuracy, precision and process efficiency were evaluated.Successful method validation for seven B vitamins and two B vitamin derivatives in whole blood.

scholarly journals Suboptimal Vitamin B Intakes of Zambian Preschool Children: Evaluation of 24-Hour Dietary Recalls

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Titcomb ◽  
Samantha T. Schmaelzle ◽  
Emily T. Nuss ◽  
Jesse F. Gregory ◽  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
The United States ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
B Vitamin

Background: Hidden hunger affects individuals who chronically consume an inadequate intake of at least 1 micronutrient and is associated with low dietary diversity. Little data are available on dietary intake or status assessment of B vitamins among preschool children in Zambia. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess 24-hour dietary recall records obtained from Zambian children aged 3 to 7 years for B vitamin intake in relation to adequacy and change over time in the same community. Methods: Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from 2 studies that were 2 years apart in the same district of Zambia. Data were retrospectively analyzed for B vitamin intake, that is, biotin, vitamin B12, folate, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, riboflavin, and thiamin. The estimated average requirement (EAR) cut point method was used to assess inadequacy prevalence for EARs established by the Institute of Medicine in the United States. Results: For all B vitamins, mean values were below the EARs established for children 4 to 8 years old. Relative to the EAR, children had the highest intakes of vitamin B6 with inadequacies of 77.9% and 60.1% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The highest prevalence of inadequate intake was associated with folate, where ≥95% of the children had intakes below the EAR in both studies. Conclusions: All median vitamin B intakes were inadequate among these young children in rural Zambia. Future researchers and policy makers may need to consider B vitamin status in resource-poor areas of the country.

Steady discharges of macaque retinal ganglion cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Troy ◽  
B. B. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Serial Correlation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSteady discharges were collected from ganglion cells of the magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) pathways of the macaque while their receptive fields were uniformly illuminated with a 4.7-deg steady yellow light of photopic illuminance. The mean rates, coefficients of variation, interval distributions, serial correlation coefficients, and power spectra of these discharges were determined. The results presented permit one to estimate the noise power in the discharges of macaque ganglion cells and hence determine how visual signals of different amplitudes will be affected by the noise resident in their discharges.Although there was some small serial correlation in the discharges of both MC- and PC-pathway cells, their discharges can be considered to result from renewal processes with reasonable accuracy. As with the discharges of cat ganglion cells, macaque ganglion cell discharges can be considered to have approximately gamma-distributed intervals. Steady discharges of MC- and PC-pathway cells show considerable overlap in their statistics, although small but significant differences are present.

scholarly journals The B-vitamin content of baboon (Papio cynocephalus) milk

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. BUSS ◽  
J. E. Ford ◽  
K. J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Vitamin Content ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
B Vitamin

1. The B-vitamins in milk from baboons (Papio cynocephalus) at various stages of lactation were measured microbiologically.2. Mature milk contained, on average (μg/ml): thiamin 0.18, riboflavin 0.74, nicotinic acid 3.2, folate 0.03, vitamin B6 0.70, vitamin B12 0.002, pantothenic acid 2.63, biotin 0.0065.3. Colostrum contained much less vitamin B6 and pantothenic acid than mature milk; otherwise, there were only slight changes in composition as lactation progressed. Neither these changes, nor the absolute values, resembled those for human or cow's milk.4. The average daily secretion of B-vitamins in milk represented less than 10% of the mother's dietary intake; that of folate was less than 0.5% of the mother's dietary intake.5. Baboon milk was calculated to provide infants with approximately the following quantities of B-vitamins (/d): thiamin 0.06 mg, riboflavin 0.25 mg, nicotinic acid 1.1 mg, folate 10 μg, vitamin B6 0.25 mg, vitamin B12 0.7 μg, pantothenic acid 0.9 mg, biotin 2.2 μg.

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