On the pathogenesis of nutritional disorders in infants

Prof. R. Reuher (Kl. W., 1924, No. 6) asks why, when children are fed with cow's milk, sooner or later nutritional disorders almost always occur, while during breastfeeding such disorders are very rare; he suggests that this is due to the different vitamin content.

Diversification of processed foods made from grass jelly leaves at the Teger Farmers Group, Semarang

Food modification is still quite common in the community, especially the processing of candy, jelly drinks and dawet. The manufacture of candy, jelly drinks and dawet can be modified from the raw material of grass jelly leaves which have a lot of protein and vitamin content. The women of the Teger Farmer Group, Mangunsari Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City mostly work as farmers and factory workers and do not quite know what food modification is, especially those made from grass jelly leaves. There are many grass jelly plants in the environment around the Teger Farmer Group that have not been utilized until now, so we aim to provide information to the Teger Farmer Group's mothers about preparations made from grass jelly leaves, which can be made into candy, dawet and jelly drinks that have a lot of content. nutrition. The service method was carried out with lectures, discussions and simulations of making processed products. The results of the service revealed that the Teger Farmers' Group, Mangunsari Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City, mostly had eaten dawet and grass jelly drink, but had never eaten grass jelly candy. In addition, they also do not know how to make sweets, jelly drinks and dawet from grass jelly, and do not know what the ingredients are. Furthermore, at the end of this service activity, partners better understand how to make and nutritional content of all processed products from grass jelly.

Preparation of Anti-immunodeficiency pills by the Herbal solution

Background: In Indian medical treatments, the extracts from plants and leaves played major role in pharmaceuticals drugs. Objective of the present study is to find the anti-immunodeficiency pills by the herbal solution. Methods: Natural medicine in this is to prepare the anti-immunodeficiency tablet from the neem leaf, guava leaf and the high vitamin content pomegranate leaf. The mixed extract of all three leaf phytochemicals and which can use as an anti-immunodeficiency tablet. To extract the ingredients from the leaves the process of infusion has been followed and then the extract converted to powder as per standard procedure. Result and Conclusion: The produced herbal combinations have been characterized by the FTIR, XRD, FESEM with EDAX (EDS) and antimicrobial testing and the results is analysed.

Vitamins in Cereals: A Critical Review of Content, Health Effects, Processing Losses, Bioaccessibility, Fortification, and Biofortification Strategies for Their Improvement

Around the world, cereals are stapled foods and good sources of vitamins A, B, and E. As cereals are inexpensive and consumed in large quantities, attempts are being made to enrich cereals using fortification and biofortification in order to address vitamin deficiency disorders in a vulnerable population. The processing and cooking of cereals significantly affect vitamin content. Depending on grain structure, milling can substantially reduce vitamin content, while cooking methods can significantly impact vitamin retention and bioaccessibility. Pressure cooking has been reported to result in large vitamin losses, whereas minimal vitamin loss was observed following boiling. The fortification of cereal flour with vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B9, which are commonly deficient, has been recommended; and in addition, region-specific fortification using either synthetic or biological vitamins has been suggested. Biofortification is a relatively new concept and has been explored as a method to generate vitamin-rich crops. Once developed, biofortified crops can be utilized for several years. A recent cereal biofortification success story is the enrichment of maize with provitamin A carotenoids.

Increased Vitamin Content or an Imbalance in Methyl Nutrients in the Gestational Diet Shifts the Gut Microbiota of the Offspring in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Objectives Excess gestational folic acid and insufficient choline intakes as observed in the North American populations may increase the risk of obesity in offspring. It is well-established that adverse health outcomes may arise due to shifts in the gut microbial communities, but whether high vitamin intakes or an imbalance between methyl nutrients contributes to gut microbiota alterations is unclear. The objective of this research was to determine the gut microbiota composition of male and female offspring in relation to the vitamin composition of the gestational diet. Methods Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were fed the AIN-93G diet with either the recommended vitamin (RV), high multivitamin (HV), high folic acid (HFol) or high folic acid without choline (HFol-C) content. Male and female offspring were weaned to a high-fat control diet for 12 weeks. Fecal samples were collected from the colon upon termination for gut microbiota profiling by 16S rRNA sequencing and data analyses in QIIME2. Results The overall gut microbial communities as assessed by unweighted UniFrac distances differed among the gestational diet groups for male (PERMANOVA P = 0.04) and female (PERMANOVA P = 0.05) offspring. The covariates gestational diet and sex predicted the gut microbiota differences in the offspring (Q2 = 0.07 in Songbird) whereas diet alone resulted in overfitting of the multinomial regression model (Q2 < 0). High ranked features from the natural log-ratios of microbial abundance were Shigella, Clostridiales, Clostridiaceae for HV, and Odoribacter, Akkermansia muciniphila, Blautia for both HFol and HFol-C compared to RV. Low ranked features were Odoribacter for HV, Clostridiaceae and Clostridiales for HFol, and Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Lactobacillus vaginalis for HFol-C compared to RV. In male offspring, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Sutterella and Clostridiales were high ranked and Odoribacter was low ranked compared to female offspring. These differentially abundant microbes may be important contributors to obesity across diet and sex. Conclusions Increased vitamin content or an imbalance between folic acid and choline in the gestational diet leads to a shift in the gut microbiota composition in the offspring toward obesity. These effects differed by sex. Funding Sources Utah Agricultural Experiment Station and USU Research Catalyst. UNM supported by USU URCO.

DESAIN MODEL FUZZY-TSUKAMOTO UNTUK PENENTUAN KUALITAS BUAH PEPAYA CALIFORNIA (CARICA PAPAYA L.) BERDASARKAN BENTUK FISIK

Papaya easily found in the local market with a relatively cheap price, adequate nutrient and vitamin content. The quality of California papaya can be measured by size, color and defect. This research discusses the topic of fuzzy model design regarding the measured of the quality of papaya using fuzzy tsukamoto with input variables major axis, minor axis, red and green intensity color, and defect variables along with the output as a result of determining the quality of California papaya. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the results of the quality is 75%.

Assessment of vitamin content in different types of romanian cheese

In recent years there was a preference for healthy natural products hence an increased interest in functional food including fermented dairy products occurred. Dairy products contain nutrients essential for health, of which vitamins could help reduce the risk of certain diseases. Cheese is a highly nutritious food that can play an important role in a wellbalanced diet. The aim of this research was to investigate the vitamin composition of various types of cheese and to evaluate the vitamins intake provided by cheese as part of the daily diet. The determinations were performed on traditional Romanian cheese, meaning cow, sheep, goat and buffalo Telemea and some Kashkaval types purchased from local supermarkets. The samples were subjected to vitamins B1, B2, B12, A and E analysis using spectrofluorometric, spectrophotometric, HPLC and microbiological methods. The results showed a higher content of vitamins B2 and E in Telemea cheese while Kashkaval types were distinguished for vitamin B1, B12 and A. Regarding the vitamin content depending on raw material used for obtaining the different types of cheese, those made from goat milk recorded the highest level of the analyzed vitamins, followed by those from sheep milk, while lowest amounts were found in products obtained from cow.