scholarly journals PROTEIN AND COPPER SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORN-SOYBEAN MEAL DIETS FOR YOUNG PIGS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. YOUNG ◽  
J. D. JAMIESON
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Exudative Diathesis ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Matter Basis

Four trials, involving a total of 426 Yorkshire pigs weaned at approximately 25 days of age, were conducted to measure the effect of including fish meal, dried skimmilk and copper, and of varying the protein level, in diets based on corn and soybean meal, on pig performance. The inclusion of 5% fish meal, 5% dried skimmilk or a combination of the two did not consistently alter pig performance when compared with a corn-soybean meal basal diet of a similar protein content. Levels of protein above 21.9% (dry matter basis) in the starter period did not alter pig performance. In the two trials in which 0.05% copper sulfate was added to the diets, it increased rate of gain. Seventeen pigs out of a total of 144 pigs in one trial died. Various of the following lesions were observed in the dead pigs: hepatosis dietetica, mulberry heart disease, exudative diathesis and ulcers. There was an apparent inverse relationship between the incidence of death and the protein or selenium content of the diet.

scholarly journals Dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted and fermented soybean meals with taurine supplementation for pompano fish: effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biological parameters in a long-term feeding period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Phuc Nguyen ◽  
Thinh Van Do ◽  
Hau Duc Tran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Taurine Supplementation ◽  
Fermented Soybean

Abstract A 16-wk growth trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with taurine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) and biological parameters of pompano fish. The FSBM was produced by fermenting SBM with Lactobacillus spp. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 35% or 50% of fish meal by SBM or FSBM with taurine supplementation. The diets are denoted as follows: FM, SBM35, SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50, SBM50T, and FSBM50T. The FM (the basal diet) contained fish meal as a main source of dietary protein. Taurine was supplemented to SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50T, and FSBM50T at the level of 15 g/kg diet. Pompano juveniles with an initial body weight (BW) of 80 g reared in floating net cages were fed the experimental diets twice daily for 16 wk. Results showed that the final BW, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were significantly lower than those of fish fed FM (P < 0.05), indicating that the replacement of fish meal by SBM at the rate of 35% in the diet is excessive for pompano. Supplementation of taurine to the SBM-included diets significantly increased growth performance and feed utilization (P < 0.05); however, these diets did not restore the performance back to a level equivalent to that of fish offered the basal diet. Meanwhile, fish fed FSBM35T had comparable growth and feed performances to those fed FM. Hematocrit values, total biliary bile acid levels, whole body lipid contents, and tissue taurine concentrations of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were the lowest among the treatments, but these parameters were improved by taurine supplementation and FSBM inclusion in the diet. Taurine supplementation increased lipid ADC, and SBM fermentation slightly enhanced both lipid and protein ADCs of the fish. These findings suggest that the combination of FSBM and taurine supplementation is an effective way to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biological parameters, and that FSBM with taurine supplementation can replace 35% of fish meal in pompano diets without any negative effects on growth and feed performances in a long-term feeding period.

Effects of dietary spray-dried plasma protein on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansol Kim ◽  
Seung Hyung Lee ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract The objectives were to determine the digestible energy and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA; Exp. 1) and to determine growth performance (Exp. 2) of 2 sources of dietary spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve nursery barrows (9.8 ± 0.9 kg) were assigned to a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 diets and 2 periods. Each period consisted of 5 days of adaptation, 2 days of fecal sampling, and 2 days of ileal collection. A basal diet was composed of corn, soybean meal, whey, and sucrose as the sole energy and AA sources. Experimental diets were prepared by replacing 15% of the energy and AA sources in the basal diet with SDPP 1 (manufactured in the USA; 78.2% crude protein and 4,862 kcal gross energy/kg as-is) or SDPP 2 (manufactured in Korea; 74.3% crude protein and 4,636 kcal gross energy/kg as-is). Spray-dried plasma protein 1 had greater digestible energy (P < 0.05), but less (P < 0.05) standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met, Trp, and Thr compared with SDPP 2. In Exp. 2, eighty-four nursery pigs (7.9 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicate pens and 4 pigs per pen. Three corn-soybean meal-whey-based diets contained fish meal (6% and 3.5% for d 0 to 14 and d 14 to 28, respectively), SDPP 1 (4.5% and 2.7%), or SDPP 2 (5.0% and 3.0%) to maintain same energy and nutrient concentrations. During d 0 to 14 and overall period, pigs fed the diets containing SDPP gained more weight (P < 0.05) than those fed the fish meal diet with no difference between 2 SDPP sources. In conclusion, SDPP 1 contains greater digestible energy but less AA digestibility compared with SDPP 2. Growth-promoting effects of both SDPP sources in nursery diets have been clearly demonstrated in this work.

Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. 2. The digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum in pigs given six protein concentrates

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz ◽  
Y Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Meat Meal

Six male Landrace x Large White pigs (25 kg liveweight) were fitted with T-shape cannulae in the terminal ileum. The pigs were fed 1.2 kg dry matter per day containing 4.5 g threonine/kg of diet from continuous belt feeders. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) to the terminal ileum was 0.91, 0.87, 0.85, 0.81, 0.80 and 0.75 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, meat meal, sunflower meal and cotton seed meal respectively. The apparent digestibility of nitrogen (N) to the terminal ileum was 0.87, 0.87, 0.86, 0.86, 0.81 and 0.74 for pigs given diets containing milk, fish meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively. The true digestibility of threonine to the terminal ileum was 0.96, 0.95, 0.90, 0.87, 0.80 and 0.66 for the diets containing milk, fish meal, sunflower meal, soybean meal, meat meal and cottonseed meal, respectively.

PSVI-10 Effects of dietary spray-dried plasma protein on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in nursery pig

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 395-396
Author(s):  
Hansol Kim ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract The objectives were to determine the digestible energy, standardized ileal digestibility of AA, and growth performance of dietary spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve nursery barrows (9.8 ± 0.9 kg) were assigned to a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 diets and 2 periods. Each period consisted of 5 days of adaptation, 2 days of fecal sampling, and 2 days of ileal collection. A basal diet was composed of corn, soybean meal, dried whey, and sucrose as the sole energy and AA sources. Experimental diets were prepared by replacing 15% of the energy and AA sources in the basal diet with SDPP 1 (manufactured in the US; 78.2% CP and 4,862 kcal GE/kg as-is) or SDPP 2 (manufactured in Korea; 74.3% CP and 4,636 kcal GE/kg as-is). Spray-dried plasma protein 1 had greater digestible energy (4,799 vs. 4,469 kcal/kg as-is; P < 0.05), but less (P < 0.05) standardized ileal digestibility of lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and threonine compared with SDPP 2. In Exp. 2, eighty-four nursery pigs (7.9 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicate pens and 4 pigs per pen. Three corn-soybean meal-whey-based diets contained fish meal (6% and 3.5% for d 0 to 14 and d 14 to 28, respectively), SDPP 1 (4.5% and 2.7%), or SDPP 2 (5% and 3%) to maintain same energy and nutrient concentrations. During d 0 to 14 and overall period, pigs fed the diets containing SDPP gained more weight (P < 0.05) than those fed the fish meal diet with no difference between 2 sources of SDPP. Overall, 2 sources of SDPP have different energy concentrations and AA digestibility, but similar growth promoting effects in nursery pigs.

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

scholarly journals PSIV-13 Supplemental phytase increases phosphorus digestibility in pigs regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
Bokyung Hong ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Fecal Collection

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytase source and feed pelleting on digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, organic matter (OM), and phosphorus (P) with different doses of phytase in pigs. In Exp. 1, ten barrows (31.4 ± 3.5 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 6 Latin square design with 5 diets and 6 periods. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (28.2 ± 3.2 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods. Each period lasted 10 d consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection periods and the marker to marker method was used for fecal collection. In both experiments, a basal diet was prepared based on corn and soybean meal without phytase or inorganic P. Four additional diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 phytase sources (Buttiauxella spp. or Escherichia coli) and 2 feed forms (mash or pellet). Both experiments employed the same treatments but had different supplemental phytase doses (500 and 1,500 FTU/kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (66.1 vs. 51.7%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM, crude protein, and OM (P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (72.8 vs. 44.8%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM and OM (P < 0.001). Taken together, supplemental phytase at 500 and 1,500 FTU/kg increases P digestibility regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting.

Digestive utilization of minerals by weanling pigs fed copper- and phytase-supplemented diets

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Copper Supplementation

The digestive utilization of minerals in Cu- and phytase-supplemented diets by weanling pigs was investigated in an experiment with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Three levels of Cu (0, 60 and 120 mg kg−1 as CuSO4∙5H2O) and two levels of phytase activity (0 and 1500 units kg−1) were added to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Seventy-two pigs (gilts:bar-rows, 1:1) with an average initial weight of 9.7 kg received the six diets for 21 d, after which 36 of the pigs were used in an 8-d mineral balance study. Phytase supplementation of diets increased serum P, Zn and Mg concentrations but reduced serum Cu concentration. The addition of Cu to the diets produced serum concentrations of minerals similar to Cu-unsupplemented diets. Absorption and retention of Ca and P were both slightly increased in pigs fed the phytase-supplemented diets compared with pigs fed diets that did not contain phytase. Addition of phytase to the diet that was not supplemented with Cu doubled (P < 0.1) Cu retention. Copper supplementation of diets did not affect absorption and retention of Ca, P, Zn, and Mg but increased absorption and retention of Cu and Mn. Results indicate that addition of phytase to P-supplemented and Cu-unsupplemented diets improves digestive utilization of P and Cu. Key words: Pigs, phytate, copper, phytase, minerals

scholarly journals Requirement of young pigs for apparent ileal digestible tryptophan

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
J.B. Schutte ◽  
A.J.M.A. Verstraten ◽  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J. De Jong ◽  
J.T.M. Van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Optimal Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Pig Performance

In 5 growth trials with a total of 420 pigs, tryptophan requirements from 20 to 40 kg liveweight were estimated. L-Tryptophan 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 g/kg was added to a basal diet containing tapioca, barley and maize, with CP 162 g/kg and tryptophan 1.65 g/kg. The control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine plus cystine, threonine, isoleucine, valine and histidine to assure that only tryptophan was limiting pig performance. Diets were freely given as pellets. Total tryptophan was about 2.10 g/kg for optimal weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in a diet containing NE 9.5 MJ/kg, corresponding with apparent ileally digestible tryptophan 1.77 g/kg.

scholarly journals Efek Perbedaan Komposisi Konsentrat terhadap Perbaikan Nilai Nutrisi Jerami Padi

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Susi Dwi Widyawati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Rumen Microbes

<p><em>Since rice straw is seasonal and low quality roughage, </em><em>thus, </em><em>a supplementation for it is needed. Lamtoro lea</em><em>f</em><em> meal (LLM) and soybean meal (SBM), hav</em><em>e</em><em> both soluble and bypass protein</em><em>, </em><em>so it enough potential to supply nutrients </em><em>to</em><em> optimize of rumen microbes and improv</em><em>e </em><em>animal performance. Supplementation with LLM or SBM significantly increase</em><em>d</em><em> dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber intake (</em><em>P</em><em>&lt;0.05). This fact showed that LLM or SBM supplementation made an </em><em>improvement</em><em> of rumen fermentation by microbes. Comparison between LLM and SBM to basal diet clearly showed that basal diet </em><em>wa</em><em>s the lowest (</em><em>P</em><em>&lt;0.0</em><em>5</em><em>) nutrien</em><em>t</em><em> intake and nutrien</em><em>t</em><em> digestibility, however, the animal fed basal diet degraded crude fiber was not </em><em>affected</em><em>. It </em><em>has been shown that</em><em> sup</em><em>p</em><em>lementation with lamtoro lea</em><em>f</em><em> meal or soybean meal </em><em>we</em><em>re palatable, fermentable and reasonably digestible. </em><em>Therefore, the</em><em> use</em><em> of these feedstuffs</em><em> as  supplement to rice straw </em><em>are</em><em> strongly recommended. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Key words</em></strong><em> : </em><em>concentrate</em><em>, PO beef cattle, </em><em>performance, </em><em>digestibility</em></p>

COMPARISON OF SEVERAL WHEAT CULTIVARS AND A BARLEY CULTIVAR IN DIETS FOR YOUNG PIGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pig Performance

Two 10-wk experiments with eight weanling individually-fed pigs per treatment, starting at 5.6 to 7.5 kg liveweight, were conducted to compare No. 1 Canada Western Red Spring milling wheats, Manitou and Neepawa; No. 1 Utility (feed) wheats, Pitic 62, Glenlea, unlicensed white UM607A, unlicensed purple PFW606A; and feed barley BT609. All diets were supplemented with the same level of soybean meal and complete mineral and vitamin mixes. There were no significant differences in feed intake, rate of gain or efficiency of feed conversion among the treatments in either experiment, suggesting that the milling wheats, utility wheats and barley tested in this study have similar feeding value for young pigs. Carcass measurements did not differ between treatments in the first experiment, where pigs were fed to market weight on a standard diet after the 10-wk experimental period. In the first experiment, a diet based on Pitic 62 as the sole cereal had superior digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) coefficients to one based on Manitou, with Glenlea being intermediate. In the second experiment, diets based on Neepawa, Glenlea, white or purple utility wheats did not differ in DE or ME, but the barley-based diet had a lower DE and ME. Differences in dietary DE or ME were not reflected in live pig performance. DE and ME determinations on the cereals using the additive method with an additional four pigs per treatment indicated an average DE and ME (dry-matter basis) for wheat of 3,782 and 3,561 kcal/kg, and for BT609 barley of 3,670 and 3,489 kcal/kg, respectively. In the second experiment, there were significant differences between some of the wheats in DE and ME coefficients.

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