CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND VITAMIN D REQUIREMENTS OF CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
W. F. PEPPER ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Vitamin D Requirements

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the interrelationships of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D3 on weight gain, feed efficiency and percent bone ash. With White Leghorn cockerel chicks, carried to 4 weeks of age, a significant improvement in feed efficiency was observed with increasing levels of vitamin D3. With a faster growing strain of broiler type chicks, a significant interaction between calcium and vitamin D3 and calcium and phosphorus was observed with the 58-day weight. Interactions were also observed between calcium and vitamin D3 and vitamin D3 and phosphorus as measured by percent bone ash. The results would suggest that it is not possible to state specific requirements for calcium, phosphorus or vitamin D3 without considering the levels of these three nutrients and also the level of phytin phosphorus in a diet.

scholarly journals Pathology of Vitamin D Deficiency in Growing Turkeys

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Hedstrom ◽  
N. F. Cheville ◽  
R. L. Horst
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Hypertrophic Chondrocyte ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase

Turkey poults were fed a vitamin D-deficient diet and examined for clinical signs and structural changes of bone and parathyroid glands. Vitamin D-deficient poults developed ricketic changes during days 10 to 14. Control poults (deficient diet plus vitamin D) did not develop rickets. In deficient poults, lengths of proliferating-prehypertrophied zones of growth plates increased significantly in the proximal tibiotarsus but were only slightly elongated in the distal tibiotarsus. Unmineralized hypertrophic chondrocyte zones increased in length rapidly in conjunction with a decrease in the length of mineralized hypertrophic degenerative zones; this occurred more rapidly in proximal than in distal tibiotarsus. Other ricketic changes included decreases in bone ash, total femoral bone ash (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), bone length, and body weight. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was increased, calcium was normal, and phosphorus was normal or elevated. Parathyroids were hyperplastic and had foci of degeneration. Vitamin D3 metabolites 25OHD3, 1,25(OH)2D3, and 24,25(OH)2D3 were rapidly depleted. Increase in bone ash Ca/P ratios in deficient poults suggests that phosphorus may be selectively released from ricketic bone. Low 25OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 of control poults early in the experiment suggests that 1,400 IU of vitamin D3/kg of feed may not be an adequate level of vitamin D3 for growing turkey poults.

scholarly journals A study in the rat of the interaction between the effects of calcium and phosphorus content of the diet at two different levels and the presence or absence of vitamin D

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Levels

1. Four groups of weanling rats were maintained on diets containing either 0.12% or 0.24% of both calcium and phosphorus, in the presence and absence of added ergocalciferol. 2. Increase in mineral intake or the provision of vitamin D increased the final body-weight, with a significant interaction between the two factors. 3. Serum Ca and P concentrations were raised significantly by both the vitamin and the increase in mineral intake without signi ficant interaction. 4. Measurements were made of bone and tooth weights and ash values and of the length of the humeri. For only two measurements was there any interaction between the effect of vitamin D and increase in mineral intake, namely the length of the humeri, and their ash values expressed as a percentage of the dry fat-free weight. 5. It is concluded that in relation to the amount of mineral deposited, the incisor tooth is more resistant to nutritional stress than is the bone.

scholarly journals Studies of the action of vitamin D in the rat

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M. Cheesman ◽  
Alice M. Copping
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Silver Impregnation ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
P Content ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Clear Change ◽  
Bone Calcification ◽  
Parathyroid Activity

1. Rats were given a rachitogenic diet for 28 days; some were dosed with vitamin D 2 or 3 days before they were killed and some received vitamin D throughout the experiment.2. Parathyroid leucine aminopeptidase was measured histochemically as an index of parathyroid activity and silver impregnation as a criterion of bone calcification.3. Calcium and phosphorus were estimated in bone ash and in serum. In rats killed 2 days after a single dose of vitamin D, increases were found in the Ca and P content of serum and bones and in epiphyseal Ca deposition. Parathyroid activity was decreased. In rats killed 3 days after a dose of vitamin D there was a marked increase in serum Ca and P but a less clear change in bone Ca and P although epiphyseal calcification was evident. The parathyroid activity was less than in rats dosed throughout the experiment.

Studies of the skeleton of the sheep VIII. Studies of the effects of protein and energy intake on productivity and skeletal mineralization in the pregnant and lactating ewe

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duckworth ◽  
D. Benzie ◽  
E. Cresswell ◽  
R. Hill ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Skeletal Mineralization

1. Effects on productivity and skeletal mineralization of high as opposed to moderate levels of protein and, or, energy intake by the ewe during pregnancy and lactation in the presence of adequate calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D have been studied.2. Two experiments were undertaken. One experiment used 4½-year-old Cheviot ewes and the other used 3½- and 4½-year-old Scottish Blackface ewes. Weight records, blood samples and in vivo and flesh-free radiographs were obtained, and bone ash determinations were carried out.3. The results showed that contrary to indications from earlier experiments in this series superiority in ewe weight, lamb growth, and mineralization of the ewe skeleton did not necessarily result from raising the protein and, or, energy values of the feed above the ‘moderate’ level.4. Discrepancies between the in vivo and flesh - free radiological assessments were noted for consideration.

scholarly journals Serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and oxidative parameters in healthy and diabetic people

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Maryam Barghi ◽  
Amir Sadeghipoor Ranjbar ◽  
Homa Moazen ◽  
Narges Eskandari-Roozbahani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is a primary public health consideration. Low Vitamin D levels are linked to type 2 diabetes (T2DM), diminished insulin release, and enhanced insulin resistance in humans and animals. Vitamin D is also involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalances are important for the progression of diabetes as well. In this endeavor, the levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and evaluation of the oxidant- antioxidant factors of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in healthy and diabetic people were compared.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2020 in Shiraz, Fars province, Iran. The population included 40 T2DM patients (with HbA1c equivalent 6-8) without comorbidities, 20-60 years old for both genders, and 40 healthy individuals (female and male between 20-60 years old without comorbidities). The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was adopted for measuring Vitamin D and for measuring other levels, the colorimetric method was used. Using SPSS 22, statistical analysis was performed. The Mann- Whitney U test for quantitative data was applied. P<0.05 was deemed significant.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups when it came to the means of vitamin D and MDA. In the diabetic group, vitamin D levels were lower (p=0.001) and MDA levels were higher (p<0.001). Comparing the level of calcium and phosphorus in diabetics and healthy people revealed no significant difference. This result was also true for the TAC test.Conclusions: According to our results, the mean of vitamin D in T2DM was significantly lower than healthy people and MDA in T2DM significantly increased compared to the control group, suggesting that increasing the activity of this enzyme in the development of secondary complications in diabetic patients is a predisposing factor.Keywords: Vitamin D, Diabetes mellitus, HPLC, Oxidative stress

The calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D requirements of swine

1935 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Blood Picture ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Phosphatase ◽  
Vitamin D Requirements ◽  
Food Consumed

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONSThe results of experiments conducted on 156 swine, from time of weaning till bacon weights were reached, are reported. One hundred and twenty of these animals were subjected to complete dietary control as regards the quantity of food consumed and the composition of the diet.Twenty-nine treatments, consisting of different amounts of Ca, P and vitamin D added to an otherwise adequate diet, were imposed.The reaction of the animals to the treatments was studied in relation to growth (increase in weight), appetite, utilisation of the food, the blood picture (concentration of serum Ca, blood inorganic phosphate, serum phosphatase and blood Hb), and the morphology and chemical composition of the bone. The results obtained are summarised in Table XVIII.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary 1αlpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, individually or in combination with microbial phytase in calcium and phosphorus deficient diets on growth performance and tibia parameter of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42540
Author(s):  
Farshd Kheiri ◽  
Mohammad Poshtvar ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali Haji Abadi ◽  
Nasir Landy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Tibia Ash

  The effect of 1α-OH-D3 in calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) deficient diets on Japanese quail growth performance and tibia parameters was investigated. Eight-day-old (n = 160) newly hatched quails were weighed and randomly allocated to 20 groups, each with 4 replicate pens of 8 birds. Treatments were as follows: T1, Ca-P-adequate; T2,Ca-P-deficient; T3, Ca-P-deficient + 500 FTU kg-1 of phytase (Ph); T4, Ca-P-deficient diet + 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3; T5,Ca-P-deficient + Ph + 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3. Results showed that quails fed Ca-P-adequate had significantly higher body weight compared with quails fed Ca-P-deficient, Ca-P deficient supplemented with 1α-OH-D3 and Ca-P-deficient supplemented with 1α-OH-D3 and phytase, but did not differ from Ca-P-deficient diet supplemented with phytase. Quails fed Ca-P deficient were unable to achieve FCR comparable to quails fed Ca-P-adequate (p < 0.05). The percentage of bone ash data indicated that quails fed Ca-P-adequate had higher tibia ash compared with other groups except for quails fed Ca-P deficient diet supplemented with combination of 1α-OH-D3 and phytase. Quails fed Ca-P-adequate had higher tibia P compared with quails fed Ca-P-deficient. In conclusion, these results indicated that quails fed Ca-P-deficient supplemented with 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3 in combination of 500 FTU kg-1 of phytase were able to achieve the same tibia ash and Ca compared with quails fed Ca-P-adequate. 

scholarly journals Irisin Has a Protective Role against Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Enas N. Morgan ◽  
Ashwag Saleh Alsharidah ◽  
Ayman M. Mousa ◽  
Husam M. Edrees
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ash Weight ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

The reduction in estrogen levels results in a decrease in bone density at menopause. Irisin is a myokine that modulates the benefits of exercise, which may include bone health. This study was planned to examine irisin’s impact in preventing osteoporosis after ovariectomy. 4 groups of female albino rats (10 rats/group): control, sham-operated, ovariectomized (OVX-control), and OVX-irisin-treated. Serum levels of bone markers [osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), calcium (Ca++), phosphorus (P)], glucose, and insulin were being measured. Body mass index, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), dry and ash femur weight, and bone contents of Ca++ and P were investigated. The femur was examined histopathologically. The OVX-control group showed an increase in serum levels of OC, BALP, TRAP, calcium, phosphorus, BMI, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR ( P < 0.05 ) and a reduction in dry and ash weight of the femur, the concentration of calcium and phosphorus content in bone ash ( P < 0.05 ). The OVX-irisin-treated group exhibited a decrease in serum levels of OC, BALP and TRAP, calcium, phosphorus, BMI, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR ( P < 0.05 ), and a rise in dry and ash weight of the femur, the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in bone ash ( P < 0.05 ). Histological examination of the distal femur diaphysis of the OVX-irisin-treated group exhibited proper bone architecture and density compared with that of the OVX-control group. It is concluded that irisin treatment in the OVX rats safeguarded the regular bone architecture and normal levels of serum bone biomarkers. Irisin may be a possible novel target in the prohibition of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Metabolism Alteration in Acromegaly and Its Impact on Calcium-Phosphorus Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A651-A652
Author(s):  
Alexandra Povaliaeva ◽  
Liudmila Rozhinskaya ◽  
ScD, Artem Zhukov ◽  
Ekaterina A Pigarova ◽  
ScD, Larisa K Dzeranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Abstract Objective: to evaluate metabolism of vitamin D and calcium-phosphorus metabolism in patients with an active phase of acromegaly in comparison with healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: The study included 44 patients with an active acromegaly (IGF-1 788 [521; 963] ng/mL), as well as 49 conditionally healthy individuals. There were more men in the Acromegaly group (41% vs. 20%, p &lt;0.05), patients were older (median age 42.7 [35.5; 26.5] vs. 26.3 [25; 33.5] years, p &lt;0.05) and had a higher BMI (28.4 [25.2; 30.2] vs. 22.2 [20.1; 26.1] kg/m2, p &lt;0.05) in a minor way compared with the control group. All participants were tested for vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, 1,25(OH)2D3, 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3) by UPLC-MS/MS, free 25(OH)D and vitamin D-binding protein by ELISA, PTH by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, as well as routine biochemical parameters of blood serum (calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, albumin, magnesium) and urine (calcium and phosphorus-creatinine ratio in spot urine). Results: In the Acromegaly group, we observed significantly higher levels of serum total calcium (2.46 [2.37; 2.56] vs. 2.38 [2.33; 2.45] mmol/L, p &lt;0.05), albumin-corrected calcium (2.33 [2.28; 2.42] vs. 2.26 [2.21; 2.31] mmol/L, p &lt;0.05) and phosphorus (1.39 [1.25; 1.55] vs. 1.15 [1.06; 1.23] mmol/L, p &lt;0.05) as well as lower levels of serum albumin (45 [44; 47] vs. 46 [45; 48] g/L, p &lt;0.05). The rest of the studied biochemical parameters and PTH levels did not differ significantly between the groups. The IGF-1 level in patients with acromegaly positively correlated with the level of total calcium (r = 0.49, p &lt;0.05), albumin-corrected calcium (r = 0.49, p &lt;0.05) and phosphorus (r = 0.55, p &lt;0.05). The Acromegaly group showed lower levels of 25(OH)D3 (14.8 [11.8; 20.5] vs. 20.5 [14.8; 24.6] ng/mL, p &lt;0.05), 3-epi-25(OH)D3 (1.0 [0.7; 1.4] vs. 1.4 [0.9; 1.8] ng/mL, p &lt;0.05), 24,25(OH)2D3 (0.8 [0.4; 1.2] vs. 1.7 [0.9; 2.6] ng/ml, p &lt;0.05) and free 25(OH)D (4.6 [3.7; 5.6] vs. 5.9 [4.0; 7.5] pg/mL, p &lt;0.05), higher levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 (50 [42; 63] vs. 39 [34; 45] pg/mL, p &lt;0.05), a lower 25(OH)D3/1,25(OH)2D3 ratio (289 [226; 443] vs. 517 [340; 641], p &lt;0.05) and a higher 25(OH)D3/24,25(OH)2D3 ratio (19.3 [15.4; 27.7] vs. 11.9 [9.6; 15.2], p &lt;0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that high levels of the active vitamin D metabolite (1,25(OH)2D3) resulting from an increase in 1α-hydroxylase activity may contribute to the elevation of calcium and phosphorus serum levels in patients with acromegaly. Our results also indicate a decrease in 24-hydroxylase activity in patients with acromegaly, which may be due to lower levels of 25(OH)D3 in these patients. The results obtained should be evaluated taking into account the observed differences in age, gender and BMI between groups.

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