INTERRELATIONSHIP AND EFFECTS OF CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D ON GROWTH, FEED EFFICIENCY AND BONE ASH OF WEANLING RATS

1968 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
ŞENEL H. Servet
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Weanling Rats

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin D in rats maintained on diets with different mineral content but with the same calcium to phosphorus ratio of unity

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Different Levels

1. Eight groups of ten weanling rats were maintained for 60 d on diets containing calcium and phosphorus in the ratio 1:1 (w/w) at four different levels of mineral, namely 0.08, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.36% Ca, with and without the addition of ergocalciferol.2. Provision of vitamin D increased final body-weight except at the highest level of mineral intake. Similarly, increasing the mineral intake increased final body-weight except at the highest level.3. Vitamin D raised the serum Ca concentration at all levels of mineral intake but in the experiment as a whole had no significant effect on serum P concentration. Serum Ca concentration was significantly higher at the two higher levels of mineral intake than at the two lower levels. Increasing dietary mineral caused a progressive increase in serum P concentration, except at the highest level of intake.4. In general, the addition of vitamin D to the diets had no effect on the fresh or dry weights of the humeri; there was an indication, however, that at the two lower levels of mineral intake, vitamin D reduced the fresh weight of bone. The addition of the vitamin caused a reduction in bone volume, and an increase in bone length, bone ash and the ratio of the weight of ash to the weight of organic matter in dry, fat-free bone. With increasing dietary mineral there was an increase in the value of all the bone measurements except bone volume, which was decreased.5. The addition of vitamin D and increasing dietary mineral both caused an increase in tooth mass and ash content.6. The ratios of tooth mass to bone mass, and tooth ash to bone ash were unaffected by vitamin D, but decreased with increasing mineral intake.7. Histological examination of the bones showed that the animals receiving 0.08 % of Ca and P were markedly rachitic although the presence of vitamin D ameliorated the condition. When the dietary mineral intake was raised to 0.12% Ca and P the animals were less severely rachitic and in the presence of vitamin D the bones appeared normal.8. The incisor teeth were abnormal at the two lower levels of mineral intake, but when vitamin D was provided, the histological appearance was improved. When the Ca and P level in the diet was 0.24%, the incisal dentine appeared normal but the apical predentine was slightlywider thannormal; addition of vitamin D produced teeth of normal appearance. The incisor teeth were normal in appearance in the remaining groups.9. These results are compared with those obtained in two previous studies where the Ca to P ratios were 1:10 and 10:1 (Harrand & Hartles, 1968, 1969).

CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS AND VITAMIN D REQUIREMENTS OF CHICKENS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
W. F. PEPPER ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Vitamin D Requirements

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the interrelationships of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D3 on weight gain, feed efficiency and percent bone ash. With White Leghorn cockerel chicks, carried to 4 weeks of age, a significant improvement in feed efficiency was observed with increasing levels of vitamin D3. With a faster growing strain of broiler type chicks, a significant interaction between calcium and vitamin D3 and calcium and phosphorus was observed with the 58-day weight. Interactions were also observed between calcium and vitamin D3 and vitamin D3 and phosphorus as measured by percent bone ash. The results would suggest that it is not possible to state specific requirements for calcium, phosphorus or vitamin D3 without considering the levels of these three nutrients and also the level of phytin phosphorus in a diet.

scholarly journals A study on the effect of vitamin D in rats maintained on diets with different calcium and phosphorus content but with the same high ratio of calcium to phosphorus

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Levels

1. Eight groups of ten weanling rats were maintained for 60 days on diets containing calcium and phosphorus in the ratio 10:1 at four different levels of mineral, namely 0.8, 1.19, 2.29 and 3.33% Ca.2. At the two lower levels of mineral intake the provision of vitamin D reduced final body-weight. Increasing the mineral intake increased final body-weight except at the highest level.3. Increasing the dietary mineral content had no effect on serum Ca, but serum P was higher in the groups receiving the two higher levels of dietary mineral. Vitamin D raised the serum Ca level in the rats receiving the two lower levels of mineral, and serum P was raised by the vitamin at all levels of mineral intake.4. Provision of vitamin D at the two lower levels of mineral intake decreased the fresh weight, dry weight and volume of the humerus but had no significant effect on the absolute amount of mineral ash in the bone. Consequentially there was an increase in percentage of ash, overall density and the ratio of weight of ash to organic matter in dry fat-free bone (A:R value). With increasing mineral intake there was an increase in all the bone measurements except volume.5. The presence of vitamin D had no effect on tooth mass or ash content. Increasing the mineral intake caused an increase in tooth mass and ash except at the highest level of intake.6. The ratio of tooth ash to bone ash was very much greater at the lower levels of mineral intake than at the higher levels.7. In the animals on the two lower levels of mineral intake the bones were frankly rachitic, and the presence of vitamin D ameliorated the condition. With increase in mineral intake histological signs of rickets were reduced, but even at the highest level of dietary mineral the epiphyseal discs appeared slightly wider than normal.8. The incisor teeth of animals on the two lower levels of dietary mineral had wide predentine, and the presence of vitamin D reduced the amount of predentine. At the two higher levels of mineral intake the dentine appeared normal when vitamin D was present in the diet.9. Quantitatively, the bones were much more affected than the teeth by a low intake of mineral at a Ca to P ratio of 10:1.

Enhancement of vitamin D3 effect on bone metabolism in weanling rats orally administered zinc sulphate

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Teruyuki Sakashita
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. The interaction of vitamin D3 and zinc on bone metabolism was investigated in the femur of weanling rats. Oral administration of vitamin D3 (1.0 μg/100 g body weight) did not cause any increase in the zinc accumulation in the femoral tissue following treatment with zinc sulphate (1.0 mg Zn/100 g). Administration of vitamin D3 or zinc produced significant increases the alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA content of the femoral diaphvsis but not of the epiphysis. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced additionally by simultaneous administration of vitamin D3 and zinc. Moreover, the increase in DNA content was enhanced markedly (about 4 times) by these treatments. At a dose of 0.5 μg of vitamin D3 per 100 g, DNA content was at the control level. This level was increased about 2 times by simultaneous administration of zinc (1.0 mg/100 g). The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity following simultaneous administration of vitamin D3 and zinc was significantly inhibited by treatment with cycloheximide, actinomycin D, or mitomycin C. Also, the increase in DNA content was completely inhibited by mitomycin C treatment. The present data suggest that the combination of vitamin D3 and zinc has a multiple effect on the stimulation of bone growth and mineralization in weanling rats, and that this effect is based on a stimulation of the DNA synthesis in bone cells.

scholarly journals Pathology of Vitamin D Deficiency in Growing Turkeys

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Hedstrom ◽  
N. F. Cheville ◽  
R. L. Horst
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Hypertrophic Chondrocyte ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase

Turkey poults were fed a vitamin D-deficient diet and examined for clinical signs and structural changes of bone and parathyroid glands. Vitamin D-deficient poults developed ricketic changes during days 10 to 14. Control poults (deficient diet plus vitamin D) did not develop rickets. In deficient poults, lengths of proliferating-prehypertrophied zones of growth plates increased significantly in the proximal tibiotarsus but were only slightly elongated in the distal tibiotarsus. Unmineralized hypertrophic chondrocyte zones increased in length rapidly in conjunction with a decrease in the length of mineralized hypertrophic degenerative zones; this occurred more rapidly in proximal than in distal tibiotarsus. Other ricketic changes included decreases in bone ash, total femoral bone ash (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium), bone length, and body weight. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was increased, calcium was normal, and phosphorus was normal or elevated. Parathyroids were hyperplastic and had foci of degeneration. Vitamin D3 metabolites 25OHD3, 1,25(OH)2D3, and 24,25(OH)2D3 were rapidly depleted. Increase in bone ash Ca/P ratios in deficient poults suggests that phosphorus may be selectively released from ricketic bone. Low 25OHD3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 of control poults early in the experiment suggests that 1,400 IU of vitamin D3/kg of feed may not be an adequate level of vitamin D3 for growing turkey poults.

scholarly journals A study in the rat of the interaction between the effects of calcium and phosphorus content of the diet at two different levels and the presence or absence of vitamin D

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Incisor Tooth ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Different Levels

1. Four groups of weanling rats were maintained on diets containing either 0.12% or 0.24% of both calcium and phosphorus, in the presence and absence of added ergocalciferol. 2. Increase in mineral intake or the provision of vitamin D increased the final body-weight, with a significant interaction between the two factors. 3. Serum Ca and P concentrations were raised significantly by both the vitamin and the increase in mineral intake without signi ficant interaction. 4. Measurements were made of bone and tooth weights and ash values and of the length of the humeri. For only two measurements was there any interaction between the effect of vitamin D and increase in mineral intake, namely the length of the humeri, and their ash values expressed as a percentage of the dry fat-free weight. 5. It is concluded that in relation to the amount of mineral deposited, the incisor tooth is more resistant to nutritional stress than is the bone.

scholarly journals Studies of the action of vitamin D in the rat

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M. Cheesman ◽  
Alice M. Copping
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Silver Impregnation ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
P Content ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Clear Change ◽  
Bone Calcification ◽  
Parathyroid Activity

1. Rats were given a rachitogenic diet for 28 days; some were dosed with vitamin D 2 or 3 days before they were killed and some received vitamin D throughout the experiment.2. Parathyroid leucine aminopeptidase was measured histochemically as an index of parathyroid activity and silver impregnation as a criterion of bone calcification.3. Calcium and phosphorus were estimated in bone ash and in serum. In rats killed 2 days after a single dose of vitamin D, increases were found in the Ca and P content of serum and bones and in epiphyseal Ca deposition. Parathyroid activity was decreased. In rats killed 3 days after a dose of vitamin D there was a marked increase in serum Ca and P but a less clear change in bone Ca and P although epiphyseal calcification was evident. The parathyroid activity was less than in rats dosed throughout the experiment.

CALCIUM REQUIREMENTS OF TWO BREEDS OF CHICKENS AS INFLUENCED BY LEVEL OF DIETARY PHOSPHORUS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. GARDINER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Interaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Single Comb

Two factorial experiments were conducted to compare the dietary calcium requirements of two breeds of chickens and to determine the relationship between breed, dietary phosphorus level, and dietary calcium levels. Both experiments used two breeds of chickens (broiler crossbreds and Single Comb White Leghorns), two levels of added dietary phosphorus (0.18 and 0.36%), and six levels of added dietary calcium (experiment 1: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.4%; experiment 2: 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%). Criteria observed included body weight (4-week), feed efficiency, mortality, and percent bone-ash. Breed and calcium level had a consistent significant effect on body weight, feed efficiency, and percent bone-ash. The breed × calcium interaction was significant for all the criteria measured, indicating that the Leghorn and broiler-type chickens differ in their dietary calcium requirements.

Studies of the skeleton of the sheep VIII. Studies of the effects of protein and energy intake on productivity and skeletal mineralization in the pregnant and lactating ewe

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duckworth ◽  
D. Benzie ◽  
E. Cresswell ◽  
R. Hill ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Skeletal Mineralization

1. Effects on productivity and skeletal mineralization of high as opposed to moderate levels of protein and, or, energy intake by the ewe during pregnancy and lactation in the presence of adequate calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D have been studied.2. Two experiments were undertaken. One experiment used 4½-year-old Cheviot ewes and the other used 3½- and 4½-year-old Scottish Blackface ewes. Weight records, blood samples and in vivo and flesh-free radiographs were obtained, and bone ash determinations were carried out.3. The results showed that contrary to indications from earlier experiments in this series superiority in ewe weight, lamb growth, and mineralization of the ewe skeleton did not necessarily result from raising the protein and, or, energy values of the feed above the ‘moderate’ level.4. Discrepancies between the in vivo and flesh - free radiological assessments were noted for consideration.

scholarly journals Kebutuhan Kalsium Ayam Broiler Fase Starter dengan Penambahan Enzim Fitase

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Eny Sholikhatin ◽  
Ferry Poernama ◽  
Nanung Danar Dono ◽  
Zuprizal .
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bone Ash

The aim of this study was to determine the calcium requirements of broiler chickens in starter phase with the addition of phytase enzyme. This experiment used 1,200 broiler chickens (mixed sex) for 21 days rearing period in a closed house. The basal diets was corn and soybean meal which contained 0.097% Ca and 0.123% P-av. The treatments consisted of 6 diets treatment: P1 (basal diet with the addition of 0.42% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and then P2 to P6 were basal diet with the addition of 0.22% NPP and 1,000 FTU/kg phytase and the addition of calcium (Ca) at different levels: 0.82% (P2); 0.74% (P3); 0.66% (P4); 0.58% (P5) and 0.50% (P6). The growth performance, feed efficiency, and bone mineralization parameters were studied using Oneway ANOVA in a Completely Randomized Design. Duncan's new Multiple Ranges Test was used to separate means with significant differences. Results showed that 0.90% Ca supplementation without phytase and the reduction levels of Ca from 0.82% to 0.50% increased the amount of feed consumed by birds in all growth phases (P<0.05). The addition of phytase had beneficial effects on increasing body weight (P<0.05) and average of body weight gain (P<0.05), and decreased the value of FCR in 11 - 21 days and 1 - 21 days. The addition of phytase increased protein and energy consumption, followed by increased in the value of PER and  EER (P<0.05). When phytase was added in the diets, reduction levels of Ca in the diets up to 0.50% did not give any adverse effect on the tibia bone ash. It can be concluded that feeding with phytase can sustain growth performance, feed efficiency, and bone mineralization.

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