A COMPARISON OF THE BETA BACKSCATTER AND QUASI-STATIC COMPRESSION METHODS OF MEASURING EGGSHELL STRENGTH

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Voisey ◽  
J. R. Hunt ◽  
Paul E. James
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Eggshell Thickness ◽  
Fracture Force ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Quasi Static Compression

The beta backscatter technique can be used td predict eggshell thickness, but with less accuracy than obtained from the specific gravity of the egg. Beta backscatter measurements can account for 40% of the variation in shell thickness but only 20% of the variation in fracture force.

scholarly journals Relationships of Egg Specific Gravity and Shell Thickness to Quasi-static Compression Tests

1976 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1282-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik M. Ahmad ◽  
G.W. Froning ◽  
F.B. Mather ◽  
L.L. Bashford
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Quasi Static Compression

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EGGSHELLS: A COMPARISON OF THE PUNCTURE AND COMPRESSION TESTS FOR ESTIMATING SHELL STRENGTH

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. HUNT ◽  
PETER W. VOISEY ◽  
B. K. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Fracture Force ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
Puncture Force ◽  
Increase In Accuracy ◽  
Quasi Static Compression

Quasi-static compression and puncture methods of measuring eggshell strength were compared by testing consecutive eggs from each of 89 birds alternately until eight eggs per bird were tested by each method. Results indicated that the tensile and shear fracture properties of the shell material were linearly related to each other, and to shell thickness and specific gravity. Both puncture force and compression fracture force were significantly different on a between-hen basis even when adjusted for shell thickness. Puncture force was more closely related to shell thickness on a between-egg basis than was compression fracture force. Puncture force was not related to shell thickness on a within-egg basis. The increase in accuracy gained from repeated puncture measurements on a within-egg basis was discussed.

scholarly journals Crushing of roasted Arabica coffee beans

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka Nedomová
Keyword(s):  
Grain Shape ◽  
Fracture Behaviour ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Fracture Force ◽  
Crushing Strength ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Grain Crushing ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Quasi Static Compression

Paper deals with experimental research on the crushing of coffee beans of different kinds under quasi-static compression. The process of the crushing is described in details. It has been shown that there is variability in the crushing strength values. A relation between crushing strength and the coffee grain shape is also studied. Roasted Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) beans were used for analyses. Arabica coffees were produced in Colombia and Indonesia. Abbreviation in the square brackets indicates the coffee type and it is used in the text hereinafter. All Arabica samples were submitted to a light roast. The detail analysis of the experimental data shows that there is no significant relation between parameters describing the fracture behaviour of the grains and grain geometry. These parameters are also independent on the grain weight. Compression of the coffee grains leads to their crushing. The fracture force is different for the different kinds of the coffee. The same is fact valid also for the strain at the fracture and for the energy absorbed during the grain crushing. The obtained results suggest that the fracture parameters obtained at the compression loading are dependent only on the coffee brand and on the roasting conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of different eggshell thickness measurement methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1150-1153
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir ARSLAN ◽  
Umut Sami YAMAK
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Eggshell Thickness ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Egg Weight

This study was conducted to examine how various methods affect the results of eggshell thickness measurements.Direct and indirect measurements were performed on 700 table eggs which were daily collected from the same flock. The shell thickness of the eggs was calculated according to a logarithm which uses egg weight. Eggs with a specific gravity of higher than 0.80 g/cm³ were classified as thick-shelled, whereas the others were categorized as thin-shelled. After determining the shell thickness of the eggs by an ultrasound gauge, all of the eggs were broken, the shells were separated, and the shell thickness of each egg was measured with two micrometers (digital and manual). Values measured by the manual micrometer were considered as actual thicknesses. Lowest correlation was determined between the logarithm method and the others (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant correlation between ultrasound and micrometer measurements (P < 0.05). According to the results of the current study, ultrasound measurement may be accepted as a suitable method for determining the eggshell thickness without breaking the egg.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Strain and Stress Fields of Cardboard Box during Compression by 3D Digital Image Correlation

2010 ◽  
Vol 24-25 ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremie Viguié ◽  
P.J.J. Dumont ◽  
P. Vacher ◽  
Laurent Orgéas ◽  
I. Desloges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
3D Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Quasi Static Compression

Corrugated boards with small flutes appear as good alternatives to replace packaging folding boards or plastic materials due their small thickness, possibility of easy recycling and biodegradability. Boxes made up of these materials have to withstand significant compressive loading conditions during transport and storage. In order to evaluate their structural performance, the box compression test is the most currently performed experiment. It consists in compressing an empty container between two parallel plates at constant velocity. Usually it is observed that buckling phenomena are localized in the box panels, which bulge out during compression [1]. At the maximum recorded compression force, the deformation localises around the box corners where creases nucleate and propagate. This maximum force is defined as the quasi-static compression strength of the box. The prediction of such strength is the main topic of interest of past and current research works. For example, the box compression behaviour of boxes was studied by Mc Kee et al. [2] and Urbanik [3], who defined semi-empirical formula to predict the box compression strength, as well as by Beldie et al. [4] and Biancolini et al. [5] by finite element simulations. But comparisons of these models with experimental results remain rather scarce and limited.

Experimental and theoretical study of sandwich composites with Z-pins under quasi-static compression loading

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322110073
Author(s):  
Erdem Selver ◽  
Gaye Kaya ◽  
Hussein Dalfi
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sandwich Composites ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Quasi Static Compression ◽  
Good Agreement

This study aims to enhance the compressive properties of sandwich composites containing extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam core and glass or carbon face materials by using carbon/vinyl ester and glass/vinyl ester composite Z-pins. The composite pins were inserted into foam cores at two different densities (15 and 30 mm). Compression test results showed that compressive strength, modulus and loads of the sandwich composites significantly increased after using composite Z-pins. Sandwich composites with 15 mm pin densities exhibited higher compressive properties than that of 30 mm pin densities. The pin type played a critical role whilst carbon pin reinforced sandwich composites had higher compressive properties compared to glass pin reinforced sandwich composites. Finite element analysis (FE) using Abaqus software has been established in this study to verify the experimental results. Experimental and numerical results based on the capabilities of the sandwich composites to capture the mechanical behaviour and the damage failure modes were conducted and showed a good agreement between them.

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