scholarly journals Shell Evaluation of White and Brown Egg Strains by Deformation, Breaking Strength, Shell Thickness and Specific Gravity

1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Potts ◽  
K.W. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Breaking Strength

scholarly journals Relationships of Egg Specific Gravity and Shell Thickness to Quasi-static Compression Tests

1976 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1282-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik M. Ahmad ◽  
G.W. Froning ◽  
F.B. Mather ◽  
L.L. Bashford
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Quasi Static Compression

scholarly journals Estimation of Shell Weight and Shell Thickness from Egg Specific Gravity and Egg Weight

1982 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1991-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
JON O. NORDSTROM ◽  
L.E. OUSTERHOUT
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Egg Weight

Aluminium Alloys for Aeroplane Engines

1919 ◽  
Vol 23 (107) ◽  
pp. 545-607
Author(s):  
F. C. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Aero Engines

In the early days of the war the desirabilitv of reducing the weight of aeroplane engines to a minimum, consistent with reliability and efficiency, very soon led designers to consider the advisability of using alloys considerably lighter than cast iron or steel for all possible parts of aero engines. Aluminium alloy crank cases had been used for some years in connection with motor car engines, and it was natural, therefore, that such alloys should come into use for the crank cases of aeroplane engines. Alloys of aluminium suitable for this purpose can be made, having a specific gravity not more than three, and having an ultimate breaking strength very nearly equal to that of cast iron. It was only necessary, therefore, to overcome foundry difficulties in order that such alloys should be generally used.

A suspension weighing technique for the rapid determination of specific gravity of eggs

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAE Pym
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Impact Device ◽  
The Impact

A suspension weighing technique, developed for the rapid determination of the specific gravity of eggs, is described and compared with one using salt solutions of known density. A simple impact device was used to determine shell strength for correlation with the results of specific gravity determinations. Eggs were obtained from three strains of domestic fowl : White Leghorn, .Australorp, and Synthetic (a closed population in its eighth generation originally based on White Leghorn-Australorp crosses). The numbers of eggs examined in one hour by suspension weighing, salt solutions, and the impact device were 400, 200, and 100 respectively. Repeatabilities of specific gravity based on three eggs per hen were slightly higher for suspension weighing than for salt solutions. Correlations between specific gravity and breaking strength ranged from +0.72 to +0.78 for the three strains. Correlations between egg weight and specific gravity and between egg weight and breaking strength were effectively zero. It is concluded that for routine work, measurement of specific gravity by suspension weighing is a reliable and rapid method of estimating shell strength.

Comparison of breaking strength and shell thickness as evaluators of eggshell quality

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jewel K. Bennett ◽  
Robert K. Ringer ◽  
Richard S. Bennett ◽  
Bill A. Williams ◽  
Philip E. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Eggshell Quality

scholarly journals Available phosphorus in poultry. 1. Effect of phosphorus levels on the performance of laying hens and their egg quality, hatchability, bone analysis and strength in relation to calcium and phosphorus in blood plasma.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
A.R. El Boushy
Keyword(s):  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

1. For 6 months 432 medium heavy laying hens were given diets which supplied 0.16, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80 or 1.00% available phosphorus. Egg production was greatest by hens given 0.20 or 0.40% P and least by those given 0.16%. Feed intake did not differ among groups. Heaviest eggs, 62.2 g, were laid by hens given 1.00% P. Shell quality, determined from shell percentage, shell thickness and shell index, decreased as P in the diet increased. Hatchability, yolk and white indices of eggs and calcium, P and ash in tibiae of chicks one day old did not differ among groups. Ca in blood of hens did not differ among groups but inorganic P in plasma increased with increasing P in the diet. Ash, Ca and P in tibiae and breaking strength of tibiae of hens increased with increasing P in the diet. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin C on egg shell quality under high environmental temperatures.

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. El Boushy ◽  
M. Van Albada
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

For a month 24 pullets 7 months old were kept in 2 rooms at 65 degrees to 70 degrees F and relative humidity 50 to 60% and were given a layer's mash with 2.75% Ca. The temperature of one room was then reduced to 55 degrees . For 6 months that of the other was raised to 85 degrees and the humidity to 75 to 80% for 2 months then reduced to the original conditions for 2.5 months and raised again for the rest of the experimental period. Ascorbic acid was given for the last 2 months. Sp. gr. of eggs and shell deformation, breaking strength and percentage shell, but not thickness, tended to fall throughout the trial. Heat stress significantly reduced all aspects of shell quality. In the cold room ascorbic acid did not significantly affect shell quality. In the hot room it increased sp. gr., weight and percentage shell but not shell thickness, breaking strength or deformation. In the cold room plasma Ca did not change significantly. High temperature and humidity significantly reduced plasma Ca, and ascorbic acid in the hot room raised it.-G. F. H. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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