EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET PIGS AND BREEDING GILTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dufour ◽  
C. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth ◽  
Effect Of Light

A total of 176 Yorkshire pigs (112 barrows and 64 gilts) were raised from weaning to market weight, second estrus or parturition, in a piggery maintained under normal daylight conditions or in darkness. Average daily gain and feed required for gain were not affected by the treatments. There was no significant difference in total backfat or loin eye area between barrows housed in darkness and barrows housed in normal daylight conditions. Gilts raised in darkness reached puberty 11 days earlier than gilts raised in daylight (P < 0.01). Ovulation rate and litter size at birth were not affected by the treatments. Optical enucleation delayed the onset of estrus by 14 days, but had no other detectable effects.

scholarly journals Phenotypic relationships between gestation length and preweaning litter traits in rabbits.

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
O. N. Durunna ◽  
U. E. Ogundu
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth

A total of 135 kittens from 22 kindlings were used to determine the relationship between gestation length (GL) and some preweaning litter traits alongside the weight of their 12 dams. Average daily gain at 21 days (ADG21), average litter weight at birth (ALWB), kindling to weaning viability (KWV), litter size at birth{L.SB), litter size at 21 days (LS21), litter weight at 21 days(LW21), litter weight at birth (LWAB), and still birth number (SBN) when subjected to multiple regression analysis revealed non-significant t-test value with GL. However, Average litter weight at 21 days (ALW21) was highly significant (P<0.01) suggesting that such can be used to predict GL. Weight of doe (WOD) was highly significant (P<0.01) showing that such parameter is important for predicting GL. A high R2 value was obtained indicating that the variability in GL is explained by the linearity of the preweaning litter traits and WOD. However the correlation coefficient R, (0.89) revealed a high degree of association between the preweaning litter traits in the rabbits and the weight of doe in a linear form. The F-value was significant at P<0.05 indicating that WOD and the preweaning litter traits in rabbits have significant contribution to the variation in GL. The correlations among traits were positive and significant for majority of the traits, which include live birth number (LBN), ADG21, ALW21, KWV, LS21, and LW21. However SBN had negative correlation with other traits.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF BOOROOLA × FINNISH LANDRACE AND BOOROOLA × SUFFOLK EWE LAMBS, HETEROZYGOUS FOR THE F GENE, AND GROWTH TRAITS OF THEIR THREE-WAY CROSS LAMBS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. CASTONGUAY ◽  
F. MINVIELLE ◽  
J. J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
F Gene ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Reproductive performance of Booroola × Finnish Landrace (BFL, n = 19) and Booroola × Suffolk (BS, n = 18) ewe lambs heterozygous for the F gene were compared to Finnish Landrace (FL, n = 14) and Suffolk (S, n = 26) purebred controls. FL lambs reached puberty earlier (211.3 d, P < 0.001) than the other genetic groups (237.8, 233.0 and 232.9 d for S, BS and BFL, respectively) whereas weight at puberty was lower (P < 0.001) for BFL, FL and BS (36.8, 36.7 and 47.0 kg, respectively) than for S (61.1 kg). About 95% of BFL and BS ewe lambs had at least one record of three ovulations or more over the first three estruses, including puberty. Mean ovulation rates at breeding (second estrus after puberty) to a Hampshire (H) ram were 3.8, 3.3, 2.2 and 1.7 for BFL, BS, FL and S, respectively (BFL and BS vs. FL and S, P < 0.001). The corresponding litter sizes at birth were 2.5, 2.1, 1.6 and 1.3 (BFL and BS vs. FL and S, P < 0.001) which reflected a higher embryonic loss in the Booroola crosses. Percentage ova loss ranged between 32.8% (BFL) and 12.8% (S) and was related to the level of prolificacy. Lamb mortality at birth was high in BFL (23.7%) compared to BS, FL and S (6.5, 0.0 and 0.0%, respectively, P < 0.001). Litter size at weaning (50 d of age) averaged 1.9, 1.8, 1.5 and 1.3 for BS, BFL, FL and S ewe lambs (BS vs. S, P < 0.02). Growth performance of H-sired progeny from the four genetic groups of ewes showed that H × S lambs had the highest average daily gain in both preweaning and postweaning periods (preweaning ADG: 349.9 g d−1; postweaning ADG: 332.1 g d−1) while the other genotypes of lambs performed equally (preweaning ADG: 267.4, 249.5 and 246.8 g d−1 for H × FL, H × BFL and H × BS, respectively; postweaning ADG: 281.2, 276.8 and 281.8 g d−1 for the same genetic groups). Overall productivity of ewe lambs in terms of kilograms of lamb produced showed a slight, nonsignificant, advantage for Booroola-cross ewe lambs (55.8 and 54.5 kg for BS and BFL) over purebred S (51.6 kg) and FL (44.9 kg). These results indicate that ovulation rate and litter size can be increased by incorporating F gene in both prolific (FL) and nonprolific (S) background genotypes without resulting in any significant difference in total weight of lamb produced per ewe. Key words: Sheep, ewe productivity, Booroola, ovulation rate, crossbreeding

LITTER SIZE AND PRE- AND POST-WEANING PERFORMANCE IN SWINE

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Fredeen ◽  
R. N. Plank
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Size At Birth

Analysis of performance data from 209 barrows and 222 gilts, representing 135 gilt litters, indicated an important inverse relationship between litter size at birth and weaning and individual pig weights at both ages. Differences in litter size at weaning had no measurable influence on the post-weaning traits of average daily gain during the weight-constant growth period of 50 to 195 ± 3 pounds or on the carcass traits of length and loin area. There was reasonably consistent evidence of a small effect on total back fat, with females from small litters producing a greater amount of fat than expected in relation to their contemporary test barrows. These relationships were confirmed by analysis of a further sample of 149 barrows and 147 gilts from 82 litters. The significance of these findings in relation to R.O.P. testing is discussed briefly.

Effect of inbreeding on pre-weaning and sow performance traits in Large White Yorkshire pigs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Gowrimanokari ◽  
R. Thiagarajan ◽  
R. Venkataramanan ◽  
H. Gopi
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of inbreeding on pre-weaning and sow performance traits of Large White Yorkshire pig population. Data on 7596 Large White Yorkshire pigs maintained at PGRIAS, Kattupakkam from the period of 1990 to 2015, were subjected to least square analysis to study the effect of inbreeding and other non-genetic factors viz., period, season, sex, parity, litter size at birth on various traits using general linear model. Inbreeding was calculated as Wright’s path co-efficient. The mean inbreeding co-efficient of LWY population studied was 2.45 %. Among 7596 animals in the pedigree, 2088 were inbred and the range of individual inbreeding co-efficient (F) was from 0 to 37.5 per cent. The average inbreeding in the inbred population was 8.92 %. The effect of inbreeding was found to be significant for weaning weight, pre-weaning average daily gain and litter weight at weaning, where the traits were found to increase with inbreeding (enhancement). The absence of depressive effect on fitness traits observed in the present study could be due to lower levels of inbreeding, which was possible due to periodic introduction of breeding animals and planned mating.

scholarly journals PSIII-5 Effects of ingredient composition of oral drenches in small piglets post-farrowing on average daily gain and pre-wean mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 238-238
Author(s):  
Olivia Harrison ◽  
Samantha Tauer ◽  
Brent Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Bioactive Proteins ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Number of pigs born alive has been a key factor of the increasing efficiency of the U.S. swine industry. However, with increased pigs in the uterus, birth weight has been negatively impacted, with more small or at-risk pigs being born per litter. In order to overcome these changes, a study testing three commercial oral drenches against a control to determine which would increase average daily gain and decrease preweaning mortality. In a completely randomized design, 877 one-day-old suckling pigs from a high-health farm were selected for the experiment if they appeared to be in the bottom 20% of bodyweight compared to their contemporaries. Selected pigs were given one of four drenching treatments: 1) none (control), 2) bioactive proteins (BP), 3) high energy sugars (HES), and 4) immunoglobulins (IgY). Pigs were weighed on d 1 and d 19 of age (weaning), with mortality tracked during the suckling period. Data were analyzed using SAS v 9.4 (Cary, NC), with pig as the experimental unit and an accepted alpha of 0.05. Treatment had no detected effect on birth weight, weaning weight, ADG, or mortality (P = 0.79, 0.96, 0.86, 0.38 respectively). Likewise, statistical contrasts were used to determine there was no detected impact (P &gt; 0.10) of drench, regardless of type, compared to the control in any measured response criteria. Interesting, pigs drenched with BP or IgY had numerically lower preweaning mortality (11.2 and 11.5% respectively), than those administered the control or HES (15.4 and 15.2%, respectively). In conclusion, this experiment showed no significant difference in the performance between piglets given no product vs. those drenched with bioactive proteins, high energy sugars, or immunoglobulins. However, additional research is warranted with greater replication or disease stressors to better understand if oral drenches may improve preweaning performance or mortality in different situations.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF ISOLATION, OR VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN, HIGH FIBRE HULL FRACTION OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS ON RAT OR PIG PERFORMANCE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
A. J. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty-eight crossbred pigs of average initial weight 21 kg were fed 10% Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and 10% Candle RSM as partial replacements for soybean meal (SBM). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric. Pigs fed the SBM diet consumed less feed, gained significantly (P < 0.01) faster and were more efficient at converting feed to gain than those fed the RSM diets. Performance of pigs fed Candle RSM was not significantly different to that obtained with Tower RSM. In a second experiment, dehulled Tower RSM and Tower RSM hulls were mixed in amounts to produce RSM with crude fibre levels of 6.8, 10.8, 13.5 and 15.8%. The simulated RSM and Tower and Candle RSM were used to completely replace SBM in the diets of weanling (75 g) Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats fed SBM had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain (ADG) than those fed Tower or Candle RSM, or diets containing the rapeseed meats. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in ADG, feed intake or feed to gain ratio of rats fed either Tower or Candle RSM. Feed intake, feed to gain ratio and fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations increased while average daily gain decreased with increasing level of hulls in simulated RSM diets. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in thyroid weight between rats fed SBM, Tower RSM or Candle RSM.

THE ACCUMULATIVE EFFECT OF FINNSHEEP BREEDING IN CROSSBREEDING SCHEMES: REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽  
JACQUES J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Size At Birth

Reproductive performance and body weight were studied on 361 ewes, representing Finnsheep (F), DLS (a population of 1/2 Dorset, 1/4 Leicester, 1/4 Suffolk) and seven combinations ranging from 1/8 to 7/8 Finnsheep breeding. Conception rate in yearlings was 61.5% for DLS compared to 89.0% for F with the crosses being intermediate. Conception rate in older ewes was similar in the different genetic groups (avg. 94%). Ovulation rate and litter size at birth of DLS ewes were 1.72 and 1.44 lambs, which was less than half those of F ewes (3.51 and 2.86 lambs, respectively). Both traits increased progressively with an increase in F breeding in crosses and with advances in age. DLS ewes weaned 1.22 lambs compared to 2.03 lambs for F ewes and 1.84 lambs for 4/8 F ewes. The heaviest litters at weaning (31.7 kg) were raised by 4/8 F ewes, followed by 7/8 F (30.8 kg) while those raised by DLS ewes weighed 23.0 kg and F ewes 29.1 kg. Percentage of ova lost per ewe mated averaged 24% and ranged between 18% (DLS and 1/8 F) and 29% (6/8 F). About 3.6% of lambs were born dead and a further 13.8% died before weaning. Preweaning mortality rate was highest in F (22.9%) and lowest in 3/8 F (9.4%). Average kilograms of lambs weaned per ewe exposed was highest in 4/8 F (27.6 kg) followed by F (26.0 kg), whereas that of DLS was the lowest at 18.1 kg. The 4/8 F cross showed 25% heterosis in kg of lambs weaned per ewe exposed and 52.5% increase over DLS. Significant positive linear regressions were calculated for ovulation rate, litter size and preweaning mortality rate on proportion of Finnsheep breeding in crosses. The relation was quadratic for percent ova lost and lamb mortality at weaning. Yearling DLS females weighted 36 kg compared to 44 kg for F yearlings. However, at 5 yr of age DLS ewes weighed 62 kg, 5 kg heavier than F ewes. The heaviest ewes at all ages were the 4/8 F (45 kg at 1 yr, 65 kg at 5 yr). Key words: Reproduction, DLS sheep, Finnsheep, crossbreeding, heterosis, repeatabilities

HERITABILITIES AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS FOR ULTRASONIC BACKFAT MEASUREMENTS, GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS IN SWINE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. JEFFRIES ◽  
R. G. PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Season Interaction

Genetic parameters were estimated for 2403 purebred Yorkshire pigs over a 2-yr period, representing 21 sires. The traits studied included average daily gain, age adjusted to 90 kg, ultrasonic measurements of backfat at the mid-back and loin positions, total and adjusted total ultrasonic backfat and corresponding carcass backfat measurements. Least squares analyses were used to estimate and adjust for the effects of sex, year-season and sex by year-season interaction. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were calculated for all traits using both half- and full-sib estimates. Adjusted age and adjusted total ultrasonic backfat measurements were found to have the highest heritabilities of the live traits in this study. Estimates of heritability for adjusted age and adjusted total ultrasonic backfat were 0.24 ± 0.10 and 0.26 ± 0.10 based on half-sib and 0.56 ± 0.07 and 0.41 ± 0.06 from full-sib analyses. The genetic correlation between these two traits was −0.07 ± 0.28 based on the half-sib method. The total phenotypic correlation was −0.01 ± 0.02. Key words: Swine, ultrasonic backfat, heritabilities, genetic correlations

scholarly journals Productive performance of finishing lambs fed with faveleira fodder salt (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
João Vinícius Barbosa Roberto ◽  
Bonifácio Benicio de Souza ◽  
Gabriel Jorge Carneiro de Oliveira  ◽  
Jaime Miguel de Araujo Filho ◽  
Thaiz Lamy Alves Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

This study evaluated food intake and productive performance of crossbred (½ Santa Inês x ½ dorper) lambs supplemented with different levels of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) fodder salt. Thirty male sheep fed tifton grass hay, water, and faveleira fodder salt were randomly allocated into five treatments with six replicates each. The treatments consisted of diets with different inclusion levels of faveleira hay in the fodder salt composition: Treatment 1 (1% mineral salt + 99% faveleira hay), Treatment 2 (3% mineral salt + 97% faveleira hay), Treatment 3 (5% mineral salt + 95% faveleira hay), Treatment 4 (7% mineral salt + 93% faveleira hay), and Treatment 5 (Control - 100% mineral salt). Intake of dry matter, tifton hay and water, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were not affected by fodder salt supplementation (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in fodder salt intake between Treatments 4 and 5, and daily intake was higher in animals submitted to Treatment 4 (61.0 g day-1). Mineral salt intake increased significantly with increasing mineral salt levels in the diet. However, no significant difference was observed in average daily gain across treatments, indicating that faveleira hay, even in small quantities, and tifton hay were able to meet the nutritional requirements of animals to support a good average daily gain. The inclusion of up to 99% faveleira hay in fodder salt formulations did not affect voluntary intake of forage, water and dry matter, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency. Lambs supplemented with faveleira fodder salt had average daily gains within the optimal range for slaughter and high feed conversion and feed efficiency values. Faveleira was shown to be an effective supplementary feed alternative in sheep.

Genetic improvement of meat sheep. 1. A comparison of different methods of correcting weaning weight for age of lamb

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
IP Gregory ◽  
EM Roberts ◽  
JW James
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meat Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight For Age

Several methods of correcting lamb weaning weight for age were compared. Lambs were weighed at birth, at 90 � 1 day of age, when the oldest and when the youngest lamb was 90 days and when the average age of lambs was 90 days. Weights were adjusted to 90 days by the methods of regression, regression pooled within sire groups, average daily gain with and without a standard birth weight and weight per day of age. All the correction methods examined gave similar results and there was no significant difference between methods. The correlations between the actual 90-day weight and the adjusted weights ranged from 0.922 to 0.960 and were highest when the weights taken when the average age of lambs was 90 days were used as the basis for adjustment. All adjusted weights were significantly biased as estimates of actual 90-day weight, but the bias was least for weights when average age was 90 days.

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