LITTER SIZE AND PRE- AND POST-WEANING PERFORMANCE IN SWINE

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Fredeen ◽  
R. N. Plank
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Size At Birth

Analysis of performance data from 209 barrows and 222 gilts, representing 135 gilt litters, indicated an important inverse relationship between litter size at birth and weaning and individual pig weights at both ages. Differences in litter size at weaning had no measurable influence on the post-weaning traits of average daily gain during the weight-constant growth period of 50 to 195 ± 3 pounds or on the carcass traits of length and loin area. There was reasonably consistent evidence of a small effect on total back fat, with females from small litters producing a greater amount of fat than expected in relation to their contemporary test barrows. These relationships were confirmed by analysis of a further sample of 149 barrows and 147 gilts from 82 litters. The significance of these findings in relation to R.O.P. testing is discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Phenotypic relationships between gestation length and preweaning litter traits in rabbits.

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
O. N. Durunna ◽  
U. E. Ogundu
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth

A total of 135 kittens from 22 kindlings were used to determine the relationship between gestation length (GL) and some preweaning litter traits alongside the weight of their 12 dams. Average daily gain at 21 days (ADG21), average litter weight at birth (ALWB), kindling to weaning viability (KWV), litter size at birth{L.SB), litter size at 21 days (LS21), litter weight at 21 days(LW21), litter weight at birth (LWAB), and still birth number (SBN) when subjected to multiple regression analysis revealed non-significant t-test value with GL. However, Average litter weight at 21 days (ALW21) was highly significant (P<0.01) suggesting that such can be used to predict GL. Weight of doe (WOD) was highly significant (P<0.01) showing that such parameter is important for predicting GL. A high R2 value was obtained indicating that the variability in GL is explained by the linearity of the preweaning litter traits and WOD. However the correlation coefficient R, (0.89) revealed a high degree of association between the preweaning litter traits in the rabbits and the weight of doe in a linear form. The F-value was significant at P<0.05 indicating that WOD and the preweaning litter traits in rabbits have significant contribution to the variation in GL. The correlations among traits were positive and significant for majority of the traits, which include live birth number (LBN), ADG21, ALW21, KWV, LS21, and LW21. However SBN had negative correlation with other traits.

EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET PIGS AND BREEDING GILTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dufour ◽  
C. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth ◽  
Effect Of Light

A total of 176 Yorkshire pigs (112 barrows and 64 gilts) were raised from weaning to market weight, second estrus or parturition, in a piggery maintained under normal daylight conditions or in darkness. Average daily gain and feed required for gain were not affected by the treatments. There was no significant difference in total backfat or loin eye area between barrows housed in darkness and barrows housed in normal daylight conditions. Gilts raised in darkness reached puberty 11 days earlier than gilts raised in daylight (P < 0.01). Ovulation rate and litter size at birth were not affected by the treatments. Optical enucleation delayed the onset of estrus by 14 days, but had no other detectable effects.

A preliminary evaluation of growth and carcass traits in Alpine and Boer goat crosses

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
P. A. Day ◽  
N. Patrick ◽  
H. D. Scheer ◽  
D. Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Daily Gain

Birth weights of Boer (BO) sired kids were 9% higher than Alpine (AL) sired kids. Weaning, 160 d weight and preweaning average daily gain (ADG) were similar for the AL × AL, AL × SA and BO × AL. Breed of dam was significant (P < 0.02) for birth, weaning, 100-d weight, and preweaning ADG. Similar dressing percentage (DP) and ribeye muscle area (REA) were observed among AL × AL, AL × SP, and BO × SP crosses. Key words: Crossbreeding, Boer, Alpine, growth, carcass, ultrasound

Evaluation of the bloodless castration procedure for feedlot bulls

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZoBell ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
K. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Daily Gain

Studies were undertaken to evaluate bloodless castration (B) based on growth and carcass traits. During the first 28 d, bloodless and surgical (S) castrates showed a 51–53% and 68–73% reduction in average daily gain, respectively, compared with intact bulls (I) (P < 0.05) in two trials. Bulls grew faster than steers overall. Carcass traits and grade were similar for B, S and I (P > 0.05). Key words: Bloodless, surgical, castration, growth, carcass traits

Breeding Australian crossbred ewes with Arabian fat-tailed rams for intensive lamb production

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
RC Malik ◽  
MA Razzaque ◽  
S Abbas ◽  
T Al-Mutawa ◽  
N Al-Khozam
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Daily Gain

The reproductive performance under intensive management of Border Leicester x Merino (BLM), Dorset x Merino (DM), and Suffolk x Merino (SM) ewes imported from Australia, and local fat-tailed Naeemi (N) ewes mated to N rams was studied. Progeny performance for birth and weaning weights, average daily gain (ADG) and preweaning survival was also evaluated. BLM ewes showed the highest reproductive performance. They produced and weaned (at 8 weeks) significantly more lambs (P<0.05) than any of the other ewe genotypes. The reproductive performance of the BLM, N, DM and SM ewes, mated twice, 8 months apart, was 127, 85, 91 and 85 respectively for percentage of lambs born to ewes joined, 109, 72, 77 and 70 respectively for percentage of lambs weaned to ewes joined, and 17.8, 13.5, 12.1 and 11.6 kg respectively of lamb weaned per ewe joined over the period of 13 months from the first joining until last lambs weaned. The effect of season on ewe reproduction was significant. Birth weight was not influenced by genotype or season but did change significantly with litter size. Genetic group, litter size, season of birth and birth weight were significant sources of variation in the ADG and weaning weight of the lamb. N x BLM lambs were weaned at significantly heavier weights than lambs of the remaining 3 groups. Season of birth and birth weight also significantly affected preweaning lamb survival. About 86% of the lambs born alive were weaned with little difference between genetic groups in survival rates.

INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN SOME REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN SWINE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. FAHMY ◽  
C. S. BERNARD
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Weaning Pig ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth

The associations between 15 preweaning traits in pigs were studied to determine which had the most important effects on litter weights at birth and weaning. The traits were litter size at birth and weaning, number born alive, percentage survival to birth and weaning, pig and litter weights at birth and weaning, daily gain from birth to weaning, gestation length, number of teats, weights of dam at farrowing and at weaning, and the change in dam weight during lactation. Of the 105 correlations, 66 were statistically significant, though many were markedly low. Litter weights at birth and weaning were significantly and relatively highly correlated with most of the other traits, whereas number of teats was correlated only with survival rates at birth and weaning and pig birth weight. The results showed that the importance of litter size was almost twice that of pig weight in determining litter weights at birth and weaning. The results in general indicated that most of the economically important traits related to swine reproductivity are favorably associated.

MASS SELECTION IN A PIG POPULATION. 2. THE EFFECTS OF INBREEDING WITHIN THE SELECTED POPULATIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
HITOSHI MIKAMI ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
A. P. SATHER
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth

The regression of reproductive performance of dams and post-natal performance of progeny on inbreeding was examined for a population of replicated lines subjected to mass selection over a period of nine generations. Inbreeding advanced by 2.0–2.3% per generation. Regression coefficients per 1% increase in inbreeding, based on 817 degrees of freedom for first parity sows, were −.56 ±.23 kg for dam weight at first parturition (12 mo), −.48 ±.19 kg for dam weight change from parturition to weaning, −.013 ±.034 for litter size at birth, −.103 ±.033 for litter size at weaning and −1.36 ±.36 kg for litter weight at weaning. Regressions for post-natal traits, estimated for progeny produced by second parity dams during the final three generations (638 df) were 10.3 ± 4.0 g for birth weight, 16.8 ± 32.7 g for weaned weight, −4.53 ± 1.22 g for post-weaning daily gain, −.34 ±.16 mm for backfat,.10 ±.04 cm2 for cross-sectional area of the longissimus dorsi, and.09 ±.04% for estimated yield of trimmed retail product from the carcass.

EFFECT OF DIETARY CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE, BONE BENDING MOMENT AND THE SEVERITY OF OSTEOCHONDROSIS AND LAMENESS IN BOARS AND GILTS SLAUGHTERED AT 100 OR 130 KG BODY WEIGHT

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BRENNAN ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Ninety-six crossbred gilts and 96 crossbred boars averaging 20 kg were assigned to a factorial arrangement of three dietary calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) levels and two slaughter weights (100 or 130 kg). The Ca-P regimens were based on (1) National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC)(1979), (2) Agricultural Research Council (ARC) (1981) and (3) 130% of ARC (1981) recommendations for grower and finisher swine. All pigs were fed ad libitum grower diets (0.60–0.50, 0.81–0.63, 1.05–0.82% Ca-P) from 20 to 55 kg and finisher diets (0.50–0.40, 0.72–0.54, 0.94–0.70% Ca-P) to 100 kg or 130 kg liveweight. At 100 kg liveweight 16 boars and 16 gilts from each of the Ca-P treatment groups were selected at random and slaughtered. The remaining pigs within each Ca-P group were allowed feed ad libitum or at 70% of ad libitum from 100 kg until slaughter at 130 kg. There was no significant effect of the three respective dietary Ca-P regimens on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, or feed/gain ratio of pigs during the 20- to 100-kg growth period. Metacarpal bending moment and femoral ash content increased (P < 0.05) in response to the first dietary Ca-P increment. There was a significant (P < 0.05) positive response of femoral ash content but not of bone bending moment to the second Ca-P increment. The incidence and severity of osteochondrosis of the femur, humerus, radius and ulna and leg soundness scores were unimproved (P > 0.05) by feeding elevated dietary Ca-P levels. There was no significant effect of ad libitum vs. restricted feeding during the 100- to 130-kg growth period on bone ash, bone bending moment or cartilage condition scores. Boars had significantly (P < 0.01) greater average daily gain and lower feed/gain ratio during the 20- to 100-kg growth period but they had more severe (P < 0.01) osteochondrotic lesions of the elbow joint and a lower (P < 0.001) femoral ash content than gilts. Correlation coefficients between cartilage soundness scores and bone ash content or bending moment were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). The results suggest that while bone ash content and bending moment respond positively to elevated Ca-P levels in excess of NAS-NRC (1979) recommendations, the incidence and severity of joint lesions and leg soundness scores are not reduced by maximizing bone mineralization. Key words: Osteochondrosis, calcium, phosphorus, swine

Growth and carcass characteristics of crossbred and straightbred Hereford steers. III. Post-weaning growth in seven environments in New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Darnell ◽  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
R Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
New South ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Constant Growth

Post-weaning growth, liveweight and body condition at slaughter were examined in 289 steers comprised of straightbred Hereford and first cross Brahman x Hereford, Simmental x Hereford and Friesian x Hereford. The steers were grown from weaning in seven environments throughout New South Wales. All steers were slaughtered when the average fat cover of the Herefords was in the range of 6-10 mm at the 12/13th rib. Brahman crossbreds were in similar body condition to Herefords at slaughter, which in turn were generally in better condition than both Simmental and Friesian crossbreds. Crossbred steers were heavier than Herefords at slaughter. Simmental crosses and Friesian crosses were 53 kg (12%) heavier on average over all environments, and Brahman crosses 41 kg (10%) and 83 kg (16%) heavier in inland and coastal environments respectively. Mean average daily gain (ADG) of the crossbred steers was always greater than that of the Hereford steers. There was a trend for ADG to be greater among the Brahman crosses earlier in the post-weaning period, but for the Simmental and Friesian crosses to grow faster later in the post-weaning period. Simmental crosses maintained a constant ADG advantage relative to Friesian crosses throughout the post-weaning period in environments where growth was favoured. Significant genotype x environment interactions occurred. Relative to Herefords, Simmental and Friesian crossbreds responded more to improved conditions, while Brahman crossbreds maintained a constant growth advantage regardless of environmental conditions. Bos taurus crosses grew faster than Brahman crosses, and Simmental crosses faster than Friesian crosses, only when environments were highly favourable.

scholarly journals Single Loci and Haplotypes in CAPN1 and CAST Genes are Associated with Growth, Biometrics, and in Vivo Carcass Traits in Santa Inês Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-483
Author(s):  
Alessandro Lima Machado ◽  
Ariana Nascimento Meira ◽  
Evandro Neves Muniz ◽  
Hymerson Costa Azevedo ◽  
Luiz Lehmann Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Single Locus Analysis ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstractµ-calpain (CAPN1) and calpastatin (CAST) genes play key roles in protein turnover. The present study aimed to identify the variants in these genes associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep. A sample of 192 no full sibling Santa Inês lambs was used. Fragments of the CAST and CAPN1 genes were amplified and next-generation sequencing was performed in the MiSeq platform. Variants in the CAPN1 and CAST sequences were then detected using bioinformatic tools. Withers and croup heights, body length, thoracic and croup widths, thoracic and leg girths, body depth, carcass fat score, rib eye area, fat thickness, body weights were recorded at weaning and at 140 days post-weaning, and average daily gain post-weaning was calculated. Both single-locus and haplotype association analyses were performed with the model as follows: farm (2 levels), year (4 levels), the month of birth (12 levels), and the covariate age of the animal. The fragments amplified included 4,514 bp between the 20th and 23rd exons of CAST as well as 3,927 bp between the 12th and 21st exons of CAPN1. In these regions, 58 (CAST) and 45 (CAPN1) variants were identified. In the CAST gene, the single-locus analysis revealed 22 suggestive additive effects (P<0.05) on several growth and carcass traits. Moreover, haplotype substitutions were associated with rib eye area (–0.689±0.290), average daily gain (–23.6±10.4), thoracic girth (–2.72±1.27), body length (–3.38±1.49), and leg girth (–2.84±1.37). Regarding the CAPN1 gene, the single-locus analysis identified seven suggestive additive effects, while only one haplotype replacement effect on fat thickness (–0.0143±0.0053) was detected. The results of the present study suggest that variants in the CAPN1 and CAST genes are associated with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Santa Inês sheep, which may be a source of information to improve knowledge regarding the genetic control of these traits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document