DIGESTIBILITY AND FEEDLOT STUDIES ON RAPESEED SCREENINGS FOR FEEDER LAMBS

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
J. H. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Cent Moisture ◽  
Moisture Basis ◽  
Pelleted Feed ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
Matter Basis

Screenings from combine-harvested rapeseed were ground and incorporated as 50 per cent of a pelleted feed containing 36.5 per cent ground oat hulls, 4 per cent dehydrated alfalfa meal, 7 per cent cane molasses, 0.5 per cent urea, 1.0 per cent dicalcium phosphate and 0.5 per cent salt. These pellets composed 0, 33, 67 and 100 per cent of the total concentrate allowance fed with hay to four lots of 20 feeder lambs during a 67-day test. The hay allowance was limited to 1.5 pound/head/day. Grain and pellets were full-fed twice daily. In a parallel digestibility study pellets were substituted for concentrate (mixed wheat, oats and barley) at the following levels: 0, 16.7, 33.3, 50 and 100 per cent and with the hay allowance held constant at 50 per cent of the ration.The pelleted mixture was found to contain 51 per cent T.D.N, and 10.6 per cent D.C.P. (dry matter basis) and when included as one-third of the concentrate fed, the lambs gained 0.47 pound/day. Increasing levels of screenings pellets beyond one-third of the concentrate portion of the ration resulted in decreasing gains proportional to the decline in percentage T.D.N. in the entire ration. Tests for isothiocyanate and thiooxazolidone revealed only traces of these toxic factors.Rapeseed screenings contain 8 to 11 per cent crude protein, about 57 per cent T.D.N. (10 per cent moisture basis), and appear to be satisfactory as an ingredient in ruminant rations.

Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. I. The kales

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plant Basis ◽  
Matter Basis

1. Four varieties of marrow stem kale, three of thousand headed kales, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale were grown at three centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and separate leaf and stem samples analysed for the proximate constituents and minerals.2. Leaf to stem ratios were measured on both a green and dry matter basis and the latter values used to calculate whole plant values for the chemical constituents.3. The leaves of the marrow stem kales were higher in dry matter than the stems, except in the case of the Purple Stem Kale. This variety resembled the thousand headed and rape-type kales in having a higher dry matter in the stems. On a dry matter basis, the leaves of all the varieties were richer than the stems in ether extract, crude protein, total ash and all the minerals except potassium and sodium. These elements occurred to a greater extent in the stems of the fleshy stemmed marrow stem kales than in the leaves. The stems were higher in crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives.4. The leaves of the rape-type kales were higher than those of the other varieties in silica, phosphorus and potassium. They were the best source of phosphorus on a whole plant basis. The marrow stem kales had considerably higher leaf and stem values for sodium and were markedly superior to the other varieties as a source of the element.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Katharina Bünemann ◽  
Maren Johannes ◽  
Rolf Schmitz ◽  
Julia Hartwiger ◽  
Dirk von Soosten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Nutrient Flows ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Matter Basis

The aim of the study was to examine different pH parameters, such as variations throughout the day, depending on differing concentrate feed proportions. Moreover, special attention was payed to individual variation in microbial efficiencies (microbial crude protein/fermented organic matter) and their relation to ruminal pH, nutrient flows and digestibilities. For this, cows were grouped according to microbial efficiency (more, n = 5, vs. less efficient cows, n = 4). After calving, thirteen ruminally cannulated pluriparous cows, including nine duodenally cannulated animals, were divided into groups offered rations with a lower (35% on dry matter basis, n = 7) or a higher (60% on dry matter basis, n = 6) concentrate feed proportion. Ruminal pH parameters were assessed continuously by using intraruminal probes. Nutrient flows, nutrient digestibility and microbial efficiency were determined for duodenally cannulated cows. For most ruminal pH parameters it seemed that individual variability was higher than the treatment effect. However, a positive relationship between actual concentrate intake and diurnal pH fluctuations was found. Besides, the effect of individually different microbial efficiencies was assessed. Again, there were no group differences for pH parameters. However, nutrient flows were significantly higher in more efficient cows, whereas digestibilities were lower in in more efficient cows.

scholarly journals Intake, digestibility, and performance of steers fed diets based on two corn silage hybrids and two concentrate levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H.M. Chizzotti ◽  
O.G. Pereira ◽  
S.C. Valadares Filho ◽  
L.O. Tedeschi ◽  
K.G. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Matter Basis

A trial involving a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate two corn silage hybrids (Agromen, AGN35-A42) and (Bayer, A3663) and concentrate levels (25 and 50%) on animal performance. Twenty-four Holstein x Zebu crossbred steers, averaging 335±30kg of BW, were distributed in six randomized blocks to evaluate intake, digestibility, and performance. Treatments consisted of 75% corn silage A + 25% concentrate, 50% corn silage A + 50% concentrate, 75% corn silage B + 25% concentrate, and 50% corn silage B + 50% concentrate (dry matter basis); formulated to be isonitrogenous (13% crude protein, dry matter basis). There were no differences in the daily intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein. Additionally, there was a concentrate effect on non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients intakes, and on total apparent digestibility of DM and OM, with higher intakes for steers fed diets with 50% of concentrate. However, average daily gain (ADG) was not influenced by treatments. The utilization of both corn silage hybrids in association with 25% of concentrate is a good option to feed crossbred steers with ADG close to 1.0kg in order to reduce diet cost.

scholarly journals Digestibility and digestive enzyme activity in Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) fed periphyton grown on sugarcane bagasse

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
B. Gangadhar ◽  
N. Sridhar ◽  
H. Umalatha ◽  
H. Ganesh ◽  
A.R.T. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Carboxypeptidase B ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Pelleted Feed

An experiment of 60 days duration was carried out to compare dry matter and protein digestibility of periphyton grown on sugarcane bagasse bundles and a pelleted feed in Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795). Advanced fingerlings maintained in glass aquaria were allowed to feed on fresh periphyton or pelleted feed (20% crude protein) daily morning, the fecal matter collected following standard procedure and analysed for proximate composition. Acid insoluble ash was used as the reference marker for digestibility estimation. Activity of total protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase - A and B, amylase, lipase and cellulase in the gut of fish was estimated at the end of the feeding trial. Periphyton and pelleted feed showed similar (p>0.05) protein digestibility (92.29 and 89.21% respectively), while total dry matter digestibility was higher (p<0.05) with peiphyton (85.44 and 75.16% respectively). Among the proteases estimated, activity of total protease and carboxypeptidase B was higher (p<0.05) in fish fed periphyton, whereas activity of others showed no difference between those receiving periphyton and pelleted feed (p>0.05). Activity of carbohydrases and lipase was higher in fish fed pelleted feed. Results of the study cleary indicated that L. fimbriatus can efficiently utilise periphyton.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of cane molasses and yeasts

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Gutierrez ◽  
R.C.M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Lipid Extract ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Palmitic Acids ◽  
Matter Basis

Lipid extract and fatty acid composition of cane molasses and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae M-300-A and Saccharomyces uvarum IZ-1904) grown in molasses medium were determined. In molasses, linoleic acid was found in higher levels (around 42%) and was followed by palmitic, oleic and linolenic acids. The lipid extract varied from 1.02 to 3.13 gkg-1. In yeasts, the level of lipid extract varied from 16.65 to 31.12 g.kg-1 (dry matter basis) depending on the molasses type and yeast species. Both yeasts were able to incorporate fatty acids from molasses' and therefore linoleic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids found in them.

scholarly journals Performance of lactating crossbred cows on pasture supplemented with conventional urea or slow release urea

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1494
Author(s):  
D.C. Abreu ◽  
R.P. Lana ◽  
A.S. Oliveira ◽  
F.A. Barbosa ◽  
F.L. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Slow Release Urea ◽  
Matter Basis

The effect of using conventional urea (CU) or slow release urea (SRU) was evaluated by replacing soybean meal (SBM) in concentrated supplements in levels of 2, 4 or 6% (dry matter basis) on productive performance of crossbred Holstein x Zebu lactating dairy cows (499±61kg body weight and 167 days of lactation) grazing on elephant grass (11.5% CP and 60% NDF) under rotational grazing during the rainy season. A supplement control (no urea) was used containing SBM as a protein source. A total of 21 cows were distributed an incomplete randomized block design with three periods of 21 days each (14 days of adaptation and seven days of collection). The animals entered the paddocks with a pasture height of 110-120cm and left when the grass reached the height of 40-50cm. The concentrated isonitrogenous supplements (24% crude protein, dry matter basis) were provided in the amount of 3.2kg/cow/day (fed basis). There was no effect (P>0.05) on source of crude protein (SBM vs source NPN), source NPN, level of NPN, interaction between source NPN and level of NPN on milk production (10.0kg/day), fat milk production corrected to 3.5% (10.7kg/day), levels of fat (4.01%), protein (3.66%), lactose (4.16%), total solids (12.86%) and non-fat solids (8.60%) in milk. The replacement of CU by SRU does not promote improvement in the productive performance of crossbred dairy cows grazing on elephant grass during the rainy season. Urea (CU or SRU) can be included in up to 6% of the DM concentrated supplements, replacing SBM, without affecting the productive performance of crossbred cows (Holstein x Zebu) in pasture during the rainy season.

The value of palm kernel meal in finishing diets for pigs: 2. The effect of the addition of cane molasses on the utilization of high level palm kernel meal diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Fetuga ◽  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Diet Treatment ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

SUMMARYOne hundred Large White x Landrace barrows and gilts were used in two experiments involving 50 pigs (25 barrows and 25 gilts) allocated on t h e basis of sex, litter origin and initial weight to five treatment groups of t en pigs each and individually and semi-restrictedly fed one of five diets. Diet one, t h e control, was a conventionally used fattener's diet based on groundnut, blood meal and maize mixtures, and containing 16 to 17% crude protein on dry-matter basis. The remaining four diets were approximately 17% crude protein diets based on palm kernel, blood meal and maize mixtures. The maize fraction was however replaced by 0, 10, 20 and 30% cane molasses in diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Growth performance, feed efficiency, nutrient utilization and carcass quality were studied.I n both trials, the groundnut meal (GNM) based diet (treatment 1) supported significantly faster rates of gain t h a n all other diets except 3. I t also tended to produce fatter pigs than those on t h e palm kernel meal (PKM) based diets. Addition of 10% cane molasses (CM) to t h e basal PKM diet (treatment 3) significantly improved feed and dry-matter intake, r a t e and efficiency of gain, crude fibre digestibility and nitrogen retention. Higher levels depressed performance as well as d ry matter, protein and ether extract digestibility. Addition of cane molasses did not significantly influence carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals Qualitative parameters of pearl millet silage ammoniated with urea, at different compaction densities

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliane Meire Dias de Freitas ◽  
Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal Araújo ◽  
Juliana Silva de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Population Count ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Matter Basis

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of urea ammoniation of pearl millet silage, at different compaction densities, on chemical composition, losses in the ensilage process, fermentation profile, microbial population count, and aerobic stability. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with two compaction densities (600 and 800 kg m-3) and four urea levels (0, 2, 4, and 6% on a dry matter basis), with five replicates. For the aerobic stability assay, the experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2×4 factorial arrangement, with two times (0 and 72 hours) and four urea levels (0, 2, 4, and 6%, on dry matter basis), with five replicates. The urea levels interacted significantly with density as to the contents of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent insoluble protein, and as to dry matter recovery; and with exposure hours as to the contents of acid detergent fiber and lignin. Molds and yeasts were not observed in the ammoniated silages. The 800 kg m-3 density reduced losses in the fermentation process of pearl millet silage, and promoted better nutritive value than the compaction at 600 kg m-3. The use of urea does not reduce losses and does not improve the aerobic stability of silages; however, it controls mold growth after silage exposure to air.

scholarly journals Sunflower meal concentrations in Massai grass silage

2012 ◽  
pp. 3041-3046
Author(s):  
Máikal S. Borja ◽  
Ronaldo L. Oliveira ◽  
Luciano S. Lima ◽  
Adriana R. Bagaldo ◽  
Gleidson GP. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Matter Basis

ABSTRACTObjetive. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the best sunflower meal concentration in Massai grass silage. Materials and methods. The treatments were composed of 0, 8, 16, and 24% sunflower meal (natural matter basis) during ensiling of Massai grass, with four repetitions. Results. The regression equation showed that the inclusion of sunflower meal between 2.14% and 13.91% obtained a silage dry matter between 25 and 35%, which are the values recommended for the production of high quality silage. The addition of sunflower meal showed a linear increase in crude protein, reaching 18% DM with the highest concentration of sunflower meal. The highest feed value index was obtained with the addition of 24% sunflower meal in the silage. The estimated total digestible nutrient of silage increased linearly with sunflower meal concentration. The silage pH values had a quadratic effect, reaching the lowest value (4.1) with 15% sunflower meal addition. Conclusions. Based on the chemical composition and forage quality, a concentration of 14% sunflower meal should be used for high-quality silage with good nutritional value..

scholarly journals Effect of Ellagic Acid on Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Community of Stylo Silage

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Xuan Zou ◽  
Dandan Chen ◽  
Hongjian Lv ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Peng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Matter Basis

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on the bacterial community and fermentability of stylo silage. Three treatments of stylo silage were used: control (CK) and treated with 1% or 2% ellagic acid (EA1 and EA2) on a fresh matter basis. All silage was stored at ambient temperature and opened on days 3, 7, 14, and 30. Fermentation characteristics, protein fraction, and bacteria community of all periods of silage were analyzed. Results showed that dry matter and crude protein content were increased, and pH value, number of coliform bacteria, contents of acetic acid, and ammonium nitrogen were decreased with the addition of ellagic acid. The antioxidant activity of 1% and 2% ellagic acid treated silages was significantly higher than the control. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Klebsiella and Clostridium was decreased with the addition of ellagic acid, and the abundance of Lactobacillus, Weissella, and Enterococcus was increased with prolonged days of ensiling. Adding ellagic acid to stylo silage could improve the fermentation quality and preservation of protein, and reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria.

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