PREDICTION OF FAT-TO-PROTEIN RATIO IN LAMB CARCASSES

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Jordan ◽  
G. I. Pritchard ◽  
D. P. Heaney ◽  
H. F. Jeffers
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Scientific Investigations

A study of relationships between weights or simple measures of body proportions and fat-to-protein ratio in lamb carcasses (ether extract-to-N × 6.25 in completely ground carcass side) showed several positive relationships of practical importance. Width of carcass at shoulders was the most useful criterion (r = 0.68) for predicting fat-to-protein ratio, followed by carcass weight, body weight, heart girth, and carcass depth with r values of 0.64, 0.60, 0.58, and 0.52 respectively. While these relationships lead to prediction equations that are not sufficiently precise for most scientific investigations, they are sufficiently high to warrant consideration when assessing the value of such measurements in carcass evaluation and in selection. Leg length, carcass length, and carcass width at hips had lower relationships to fat-to-protein ratio in carcasses, which were of doubtful value even for practical purposes. Area of eye of lean showed no relationship to fat-to-protein ratio.

Some carcass characteristics of commercial quality cattle in Mexico

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
M. H. Butterworth ◽  
E. García ◽  
E. L. Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Body Weight Data ◽  
Weight Data

SUMMARYLittle is known about the carcass characteristics of unimproved commercial (or ‘Criollo’) cattle although these still account for a large proportion of slaughter animals in Latin America.Data were collected from 52 commercial cattle in a commercial slaughterhouse in Monterrey, N.L. Mexico. They included carcass weight, length, total edible meat (carcass fat was negligible), total bone and eleven typical Mexican cuts whose anatomical relations are described. The age of the animals was judged according to dentition and data were stratified using this criterion for analysis. Variations in total edible meat, which averaged 77·4%, were almost entirely accounted for by differences in body weight. Data are presented to indicate amounts of various cuts in the carcasses and some significant differences were demonstrated in values for these cuts among age groups; possible explanations for this were discussed. Prediction equations were calculated to relate total edible meat with the selected cuts and carcass weight and it was found that carcass weight gave the best prediction of total edible meat and could also be used to predict expected weights of individual joints with reasonable accuracy.

scholarly journals PSVII-16 Prediction equations of the carcass physical composition of water buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 299-299
Author(s):  
Felipe de Barros ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
Aline S Aranha ◽  
Amanna G Jacaúna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
High Prediction ◽  
Physical Components

Abstract This study determined equations to estimate the physical components of the buffalo carcass using biometric measurements performed in vivo, carcass traits performed postmortem, and the set of both measurements. Seventy-five non-castrated males (25 of each genetic group: Jafarabadi, Mediterranean and Murrah), with means of initial body weight and age of 314 ±117 kg and 390 ±58 days, respectively, were used. The animals were allocated in collective pens and received feeding ad libitum for 240 days. Ultrasound assessments [(backfat thickness (BFT); Ribeye area (REA)], weight, hip height (HH) measurements, and body condition score were performed every 28 days, and tested as independent variables. The postmortem measurements tested as independent variables were carcass length (CL, cm), carcass depth (CD, cm), cold carcass weight (CCW), hot carcass weight (HCW), and carcass compactness index (CCI, kg/cm). The empty body weight (EBW) was also obtained and subsequently used in the equations. The percentage of tissues which comprise the carcass was determined by the physical separation. The equations to estimate the physical composition of the carcass were developed using the stepwise regression method and Mallows’ Cp criterion, and processed by the REG procedure in SAS. The best prediction equations were those which used both independent variables obtained in vivo and postmortem, namely: Muscle, kg = 16.17 - 0,042×EBW + 0.211×CCW + 49.309×CD + 0.210×HCW - 35.570×HH (R² =0.91; RMSE =3.448; Cp =4.864); Fat, kg = 29.471 + 0.07×EBW - 33.716×CL + 0.285×BFT – 11.080×CD (R² =0.77; RMSE =2.151; Cp =2.568); Bone, kg = -34.261 + 20.380×CL + 18.356×HH + 0.011×EBW (R² =0.87; RMSE =1.181; Cp =2.218). In conclusion, the equations obtained from models with both in vivo and postmortem measurements present high prediction and can be used efficiently in the estimate of the physical components of the water buffalo carcass. Supported by FAPESP (#2014/05473-7).

scholarly journals Linseed oils with different fatty acid patterns in the diet of broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zelenka ◽  
D. Schneiderová ◽  
E. Mrkvicová
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Basic Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns

The effect of 1, 3, 5 or 7% of linseed oil on the performance and content of nutrients in meat was studied in an experiment with broiler chickens from 25 to 40 days of age. Oils made either of seeds of the cultivar Atalante (A; groups A1; A3; A5; A7) with a high content of α-linolenic acid or of the cultivar Lola (L) with a predominating content of linoleic acid (L1; L3; L5; L7) were used. The diets were formulated to maintain a constant energy/protein ratio. As compared with the groups receiving 1% and 3%, body weight gains were higher in the groups receiving 5% and 7% of oils in the feed mixture (P < 0.01). A lower feed consumption per unit of weight gain was also recorded in the groups with 7% and 5% of oils than in the groups receiving 1% and 3% (P < 0.01). The content of protein in breast meat in the group with 7% was lower than in the groups with 1% and 5% (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the contents of protein in thigh meat. Similarly, no differences were found out in the contents of fat in thigh and breast meat. In thigh meat, the values of ether extract were always significantly higher (P < 0.01) and those of protein content significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in breast meat. There were no significant differences in basic production parameters, breast and thigh meat percentages in body weight, and in the dry matter, ether extract and crude protein contents in meat between the groups receiving linseed oil with different levels of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.    

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Andres Fernando T Russi ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

CARCASS COMPOSITION OF YORKSHIRE BARROWS AND GILTS SLAUGHTERED BETWEEN 85 and 112 KG BODY WEIGHT

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ FORTIN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Thirty-two Yorkshire pigs, 16 barrows and 16 gilts, were slaughtered at four weights (85, 92, 103 and 112 kg) to determine the effect of body weight at slaughter on the physical and chemical composition of the carcass. The right side was dissected into meat (including intra- and intermuscular fat), separable fat and bone which were subsequently analyzed for moisture, protein (N × 6.25), ether extract and ash. Sex did not influence (P < 0.05) carcass composition at any of the four slaughter weights. Increasing slaughter weight did not markedly alter the meat percentage of the carcass side but decreased the percentage of bone (P < 0.01). A trend toward an increasing percentage of separable fat was confirmed by the use of the allometric function Y = aXb. The effect of slaughter weight was more pronounced on the chemical than on the physical composition of the carcass side especially with respect to protein percentage. The chemical compositions of the meat, separable fat and bone were also determined. The protein percentage of each of the three physically separable components of the carcass side decreased (P < 0.01) with increasing slaughter weight. The partitioning of the chemically determined components among meat, separable fat and bone was not influenced by sex or by slaughter weight. Key words: Carcass composition, swine, sex, slaughter weight

EMPTY BODY WEIGHTS, CARCASS WEIGHTS AND OFFAL PROPORTIONS IN BULLS AND STEERS OF DIFFERENT MATURE SIZE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
R. E. ROMPALA ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
C. H. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Animal Size

Empty body weights, carcass weights and offal proportions were compared in 33 young beef bulls and 33 beef steers of different mature body size (35 small or mainly British breed crosses, 31 large or Continental crosses). All cattle were fed a high energy diet based on corn silage and high moisture corn from weaning to slaughter. Slaughter was carried out once 6 mm of fat had been attained at the 11/12th ribs, determined ultrasonically. Feed was removed 24 h and water 16 h prior to slaughter. The offal components were all weighed fresh and the alimentary components emptied of digesta. Bulls weighed 8.0% heavier (P < 0.05) than steers at slaughter, while large animals were 38.7% heavier (P < 0.0001) than small animals. Bulls and large animals had carcasses that dressed out 1.5% heavier than steers and small animals. To eliminate the effect of gutfill, carcass weights and offal components were expressed as a proportion of empty body weight. Bulls had a higher proportion of warm carcass weight and lower proportions of liver, spleen, heart, lungs, rumen, abomasum, large intestine and front feet relative to empty body weight than steers. Large animals had a greater proportion of warm carcass weight and hind feet, and a lower proportion of head, hide, liver, kidneys, omasum and small intestine relative to empty body weight than small animals. All castration by size interactions for liveweight, carcass weight, empty body weight and offal proportions were not significant. Castration and small animal size both increased the proportion of noncarcass parts relative to empty body weight in animals slaughtered at similar finish. Key words: Body, carcass, offal, bull, steer, maturity

scholarly journals Correlation and path coefficient analysis of body weight and morphometric traits of two exotic genetic groups of ducks in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yakubu ◽  
MM Muhammed ◽  
MM Ari ◽  
IS Musa-Azara ◽  
JN Omeje
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Plateau State

The study aimed at describing objectively the interdependence between body weight (BWT) and morphometric traits in Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks using multivariate path analysis technique. Measurements were taken on one hundred and ninety seven (197) randomly selected 10-week old Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks, respectively in Plateau State, Nigeria. The birds were reared on deep litter in a semi-intensive system where they were kept in a fenced area provided with water ponds and locked up in the poultry house during the night. The body parts measured were, body length (BDL); thigh length (THL); thigh circumference (THC); breast circumference (BTC); bill length (BLL); neck length (NKL); neck circumference (NKC); shank length (SHL); shank width (SHW); total leg length (TLL) and wing length (WL). General linear model was used to study genotype and sex effects. Pekin ducks had a superior advantage (p<0.05) over their Khaki Campbell counterparts in all the body parameters estimated. Sexual dimorphism (p<0.05) was in favour of male ducks.  Pairwise phenotypic correlations between BWT and morphometric traits were positive and significant (p<0.01), ranging from 0.38-0.95 and 0.35-0.92 for Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks, respectively. Path analysis revealed that BDL was the variable of utmost importance directly influencing BWT in male Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks (path coefficient=0.535 and 0.508, respectively; p<0.01) while BTC and SHL were the most responsible parameters affecting BWT in female Khaki Campbell and Pekin ducks [path coefficient=0.594 (P<0.01) and 1.197 (p<0.05), respectively]. The optimum regression models for the prediction of BWT in Khaki Campbell ducks included BDL, SHL, BTC and NKC (male)  and BDL, WNL and BTC (female); while in their Pekin counterparts, BDL, BLL and BTC (male) and BDL and SHL (female) were incorporated.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i1.23112            Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 44 (1): 1-9

scholarly journals Feeding microparticle protein diet combined with Lactobacillus sp. on existence of intestinal bacteria and growth of broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cholis ◽  
N. Suthama ◽  
B. Sukamto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Daily Body Weight

The objective of the study was to evaluate feeding effect of microparticle protein derived from soybean meal and fish meal combined with Lactobacillus sp. at 1.2 mL on physiological condition of digestive tract and productivity of broiler. Total of 192 broiler, with initial body weight was 481.0 ± 67.2 g, given dietary treatment starting on day 21 until day 42. The experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Dietary treatment were 21% intact protein (T0), 18% intact protein (T1), 21% microparticle protein (T2), 18% microparticle protein (T3), T0+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T4), T1+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T5), T2+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T6), T3+Lactobacillus sp.1.2 mL (T7). Parameters measured were total ileal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Coliform and pH, rate of passage, daily body weight gain (DWG) and also carcass weight. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and followed by Duncan multiple range test (P<0.05). Experimental results showed that microparticle protein diet added with Lactobacillus sp. (P<0.05) increased total LAB and DWG, but decreased Coliform population, and slowed down the rate of passage. However, carcass weight was not significantly affected by treatments. Feeding microparticle protein (18%) with addition of Lactobacillus sp. (1.2 mL) can improve to be better condition of digestive tract based on higher LAB and lower Coliform populations, and increase daily body weight gain with the same carcass weight. 

DIRECT GENETIC AND POSTNATAL MATERNAL GENETIC EFFECTS ON BODY COMPOSITION IN MICE SELECTED FOR BODY WEIGHT

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hayes ◽  
E. J. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Water Percent

Line crossfostering techniques were used to study differences among selected and control lines of mice in direct genetic and postnatal maternal genetic influences on preweaning (day 12) body weight and composition. The lines were selected for high (H6) and low (L6) 6-week body weight and the control line (C2) was maintained by random selection. There were positive correlated responses to selection in both direct genetic and postnatal maternal genetic effects on body weight and weights of all body components (P < 0.01) except for water and ash weight in H6. The correlated responses in postnatal maternal genetic effects were of the same order of magnitude as those in direct genetic effects. Correlated responses were greater in L6 than in H6. Correlated responses in direct genetic effects were positive (P < 0.01) for water percent in H6 and ether extract percent in L6, and negative (P < 0.01) for water percent and lean percent in L6. Correlated responses in postnatal maternal genetic effects were positive for ether extract percent and negative for water percent (P < 0.01). Correlated responses were far greater in L6 than in H6 and were greater for postnatal maternal genetic effects than for direct genetic effects. Analyses of covariance results indicated line differences in the relative growth rates of the body components.

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