Effect of different dietary levels of low-glucosinolate rapeseed (canola) meal and non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on growth performance and gut physiology of growing turkeys

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenon Zduńczyk ◽  
Jan Jankowski ◽  
Jerzy Juśkiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Mikulski ◽  
Bogdan A. Slominski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Gut Physiology

Zduńczyk, Z., Jankowski, J., Juśkiewicz, J., Mikulski, D. and Slominski, B. A. 2013. Effect of different dietary levels of low-glucosinolate rapeseed (canola) meal and non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on growth performance and gut physiology of growing turkeys. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 353–362. One-day-old male turkey poults were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments and were fed diets containing 0, 60, 120, or 180 g kg−1of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM) from 1 to 56 d of age without or with a commercial non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme product containing pectinase, cellulase, xylanase, glucanase, mannanase and galactanase activities. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in body weight and feed conversion ratio between the Control soybean meal-based diet and the diets containing RSM. Overall, the inclusion of up to 180 g kg−1of RSM did not affect the growth performance of turkeys. When compared with the Control treatment, the diet with the lowest RSM content increased the pH of the small intestinal contents and the amounts of cecal digesta. The moderate level of RSM also increased the pH of the small intestinal contents although no increase in the cecal digesta contents was noted. In comparison with other treatments, the highest RSM content increased the content of the small intestinal digesta considerably and decreased the pH of the small intestinal contents to that of the Control treatment. All three dietary levels of RSM significantly reduced the activity of bacterial β-glucuronidase in the ceca. Enzyme supplementation tended to reduce ileal viscosity (P=0.079), decreased ammonia concentration, increased the glycolytic activities of the intestinal microflora enzymes α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, and β-galactosidase, decreased the activity of β-glucuronidase and increased the growth rate of turkeys.

scholarly journals Growth performance and metabolic response of Nile tilapia fed rations supplemented with autolized yeast and zinc

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2560-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altevir Signor ◽  
Luiz Edivaldo Pezzato ◽  
Pedro de Magalhães Padilha ◽  
Carlos Roberto Padovani ◽  
Margarida Maria Barros
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Kinetic Activity

This research evaluated the influence of yeast and zinc on growth performance and metabolic responses of Nile tilapia. Diets were formulated to contain 32.0% digestible protein and 3,240 kcal DE/kg diet and the following autolized yeast (%):zinc (mg/kg)relationships: 0.0:0.0; 0.0:79.5; 2.0:0.0; 0.795:79.5; 2.0:200; 4.0:400; 6.0:600; 12.0:1,200 and 14.0:1,400. It was used 135 fingerlings (7.27 ± 0.19 g), distributed in a complete random design in 27 50-L aquaria and they were fed ad libitum four times a day for 128 days. It was evaluated growth performance and metabolic responses, weight gain, apparent feed conversion; protein efficiency and survival rate; percentage of protein, ether extract, dry weight and ashes in the muscle and in the bones; ammonia concentration and kinetic activity of alkaline phosphatase in the liver; ammonia, kinetic activity of alkaline phosphatase, urea and lipids in the plasma and; minerals in plasma, in the liver and in the bones of the fish. High levels of yeast and zinc in the diet impaired growth performance and metabolic responses of the fish. Autolized yeast at the level of 2.0% determines the best growth performance. Levels higher than 6.0% of autolized yeast and 600 mg zinc in the diets impair growth performance and lipid metabolism in fish and levels higher than 4.0% of autolized yeast and 400 mg zinc/kg in the diet impair mineral metabolism.

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Citric Acid and Phytase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Body Composition of Labeo rohita Fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Atif Yaqub ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Anjum ◽  
Komal Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plant Materials

Aquaculturists have been concentrating their efforts to design aquafeeds using agro by-products to reduce feed costs. However, the presence of a wide variety of antinutritional factors (ANFs) in plant materials is one of the major obstacles. For this purpose, a 2x2 factorial experiment was established to evaluate the suitability of canola meal with citric acid (CA) and phytase (PHY) supplementation for growth performance, nutrient digestibility and body composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets; D1 (control; without CA and PHY), D2 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D3 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 1000 FTU/kg), D4 (CA 15 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) and D5 (CA 30 g/kg+PHY 2000 FTU/kg) were fed to fish (mean initial weight 7.61±0.31 g) in triplicates for 90-days. The growth performance was significantly increased while feed conversion ratio was decreased with D3 compared to control and other CA and PHY supplemented groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, higher digestibility (%) of nutrients (dry matter, crude protein and ash) and improved whole-body composition was also exhibited by fish fed with D3 (P<0.05). Hence, the above results elucidate that supplementation of 30 g/kg CA with 1000 FTU/kg PHY could be a useful approach for improved growth performance, nutrients digestibility and body composition of L. rohita.

scholarly journals The Effect of Replacing Dried Meal Worm with Soybean Meal on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Naderi Boroojerdi ◽  
Mostafa Rajabzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract An experiment was conducted on 240 one-day old male (Ross308) chicken to the effect of substitution of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) with soybean meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics broiler chicks. Chicks fed in a completely randomized design with 4 replicate cages (12 birds per cage). Five dietary treatments used: 1- Control treatment: Basal diet based on corn-soybean meal without adding dried mealworm, 2- Replacement of 5% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 3- Replacement of 10% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet, 4- Replacement of 15% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet and 5- Replacement of 20% dried mealworm with soybean meal in the base diet. The results of the experiment showed that 3rd and 4th treatments with a substitution of 10 and 15 percent showed a higher mean weight gain and a daily gain, but their feed intake was lower comparing other treatments, and finally, the feed conversion ratio showed a significant decrease with respect to control treatment using these replacement levels. At 21 and 42 days of age, carcass yield and relative weight of the breasts showed significant increases in treatments 3 and 4, and other characteristics of chicken carcasses were not affected by the test treatments. The experiment showed that replacing soybean meal with 10% and 15% worm powder significantly improved the performance of broiler chickens, but no significant difference was found between the two levels.

A combination of xylanase, amylase and protease influences growth performance, nutrient utilisation, starch and protein digestive dynamics in broiler chickens offered maize-, sorghum- and wheat-based diets

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Liu ◽  
D. J. Cadogan ◽  
A. Péron ◽  
H. H. Truong ◽  
P. H. Selle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Enzyme Combination ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
The Impact

In order to examine the influence of an enzyme combination of xylanase, amylase and protease on growth performance and energy utilisation in boiler chickens offered maize-, sorghum- and wheat-based diets and also determine the impact of exogenous enzymes on digestive dynamics of starch and protein in the small intestine and their relativity to broiler performance, a 3 × 2 factorial array of dietary treatments were offered to 288 male Ross 308 chicks from 7 to 27 days post-hatch. Apparent digestibility coefficients of starch, protein and fat in the proximal jejunum, distal jejunum, proximal ileum and distal ileum were determined at Day 27. The digestion rates of starch, protein and energy were predicted by using exponential mathematical models to fit apparent digestibility coefficients with mean retention times in each small intestinal segment. Sorghum-based diets supported the highest weight gain (P < 0.05) and feed intake (P < 0.05) but feed conversion ratios (FCR) were similar across all three grain-based diets (P > 0.10). There were significant interactions between grain type and enzyme supplementation in FCR and the enzyme combination significantly improved FCR in maize-based diets only (P < 0.01). The enzyme combination significantly increased apparent metabolisable energy (AME) in all three grain-based diets (P < 0.05) and increased nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) in maize- and wheat-based diets (P < 0.05). Wheat-based diets had the lowest N retention (P < 0.01), relative gizzard weight (P < 0.001) and highest gizzard pH (P < 0.05). There were significant grain × enzyme supplementation interactions for starch (P < 0.01) and N (P < 0.05) digestibility coefficients in the four small intestinal segments. Starch digestibility responses to the enzyme combination were most pronounced in wheat-based diets with significant improvement in all segments. The enzyme combination significantly retarded starch digestion rates (P < 0.05) but did not influence protein (N) digestion rates (P > 0.25). In conclusion, feed conversion of sorghum-based diet (1.475) was significantly more efficient than those based on maize (1.518) and wheat (1.532) in non-supplemented diets. The enzyme combination significantly improved energy utilisation (AME) in all three grain-based diets and improved feed conversion efficiency in maize-based diets.

Short Communication: Effects of supplemental canola meal and various types of distillers’ grains on growth performance of backgrounded steers

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Z. Yang ◽  
L. Xu ◽  
C. Li ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Communication Effects

Yang, W. Z., Xu, L., Li, C. and Beauchemin, K. A. 2012. Short Communication: Effects of supplemental canola meal and various types of distillers’ grains on growth performance of backgrounded steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 281–286. A growth study was conducted to investigate the effects of protein source on growth performance of backgrounded steers. Partly replacing barley grain with canola meal (CM), corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (cDDGS) or fractionated corn dried distillers grains with solubles (fDDGS) increased averaged daily gain and feed conversion efficiency of backgrounded steers. Steers fed corn DDGS (cDDGS, fDDGS) improved feed conversion efficiency compared with steers fed wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles (wDDGS). These results indicate that inclusion of protein ingredients in barley-based diets is necessary to improve growth performance of growing cattle. To maximize profits, the choice of protein source in cattle rations will depend upon availability and cost of ingredients.

Ammonia in the large intestine of herbivores

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal

1. The object was toinvestigate the importance of urea a source of ammonia in the large intestine of herbivores. Urea was present in small intestinal contents of slaughtered horses in concentrations similar to those in blood but, in the small intestine of salughtered sheep, the urea was less than in blooc.2. There was little ammonia in small intestinal contents of slaughtered horses but consider-able ammonia was present in small intestinal contents of slaughtered sheep. The ammonia in small intestinal contents of the slaughtered sheep was probably formed from urea, as ileal con-tents taken from a sheep with an ileal cannula contained considerable urea and little ammonia.3. The ammonia concentration in caecal contents of sheep was related to the concentration of urea in blood except when ileal contents were prevented from entering the caecum.4. Ileal digesta of sheep contained more free amino nitrogen than did caecal digesta.5. Ammonia was absorbed more rapidly than water from the caecum of sheep. The rate of absorption was related to the concentration of ammonia in the caecum.

scholarly journals Effect of processed quinoa on performance traits, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Zeyghami ◽  
Mohammad Ali Jafari ◽  
Mehrdad Irani
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Restrictions on access to important components of poultry rations such as corn and soybean meal are among the biggest issues in the poultry feed industry. Quinoa with a very high nutritional value can be a good alternative. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of processed quinoa seeds on performance, small intestinal morphology, and blood parameters of Ross broiler chickens. The present experiment was performed with 5 treatments, 4 replications, and 15 chickens per pen in a completely randomized design. Hydrothermal, extrusion, and expansion methods were used to process quinoa seeds. Apart from the control treatment, 15% of quinoa seeds were included in the other treatments. The studied traits were recorded. The general linear model procedure in SAS software was used to compare the means of treatments. The effect of processing methods on body weight, feed conversion ratio, total protein, uric acid, and blood cholesterol, villi height, crypt villi depth, and length to depth ratio of cryogenic villi of jejunum were significant (P<0.01). Quinoa processing improved its nutritional properties. In general, extrusion and expansion processing methods were more effective than the hydrothermal method in improving the quality of quinoa.

scholarly journals Modified photoperiods and light intensities for grow-out production of nile tilapia (O. niloticus) under indoor tank culture system

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Marvin Cinense ◽  
Ireneo Agulto ◽  
Armando Espino ◽  
Romeo Gavino ◽  
Emmanuel Sicat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Culture System ◽  
High Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tank Culture ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Set Up

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of modified photoperiods and light intensities on grow-out production of tilapia under indoor tank culture system; specifically on water quality and on growth performance of tilapia. The study was conducted inside the greenhouse and considered two factors: photoperiod (24L:0D, 20L:4D and 16L:8D); and light intensity (40 watts m-2, 60 watts m-2 and 80 watts m-2); also, a control treatment was set-up outside the greenhouse to receive the normal environmental condition. Light manipulations inside the greenhouse were able to sustain the water quality within the desirable level for tilapia cultured in tank; while control tanks shows high water quality variation. Growth performance of tilapia cultured in tank responds positively in prolonged photoperiod at different light intensities. However, light manipulation gave insignificant difference on feed conversion ratio and survival rate compared to normal condition. Results indicated that 20-hours photoperiod and 40 watts m-2 light intensity is just enough to sustain the recommended water quality and better growth performance of the cultured tilapia in indoor tank system. It can be concluded that longer photoperiod and restrained light intensity can improved the growth performance of tilapia under indoor tank culture.

The effect of NSP-degrading enzymes on gut physiology and growth performance of turkeys fed soybean meal and peas-based diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 114448
Author(s):  
Z. Zduńczyk ◽  
J. Jankowski ◽  
D. Mikulski ◽  
P. Zduńczyk ◽  
J. Juśkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Gut Physiology

scholarly journals The effect of dietary faba bean and non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes on the growth performance and gut physiology of young turkeys

animal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2147-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mikulski ◽  
J. Juskiewicz ◽  
B. Przybylska-Gornowicz ◽  
E. Sosnowska ◽  
B.A. Slominski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Gut Physiology
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document