Melanocortin 4 receptor polymorphism is associated with carcass fat in beef cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim McLean ◽  
Sheila Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Heterozygous Genotype ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Receptor Polymorphism

McLean, K. L. and Schmutz, S. M. 2011. Melanocortin 4 receptor polymorphism is associated with carcass fat in beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 75–79. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) binds α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) reducing feed and energy intake in several species of animals. One variant in swine has been reported to increase daily gain, backfat deposition and feed intake. MC4R sequence was obtained from 20 random crossbred steers where a novel Ser330Asn polymorphism was detected. Three hundred and eighty-two crossbred Canadian steers and 985 crossbred American steers were genotyped for this polymorphism. The Ser330Asn polymorphism had a minor allele frequency of 0.01 in the Canadian and 0.02 in the American steer populations. The Canadian steers with the heterozygous genotype had increased grade fat (P=0.036) and decreased lean meat yield (P=0.032). The American heterozygous steers had increased backfat (P=0.031) and less desirable yield grades (P=0.022), but also lower longissimus dorsi measurements (P=0.031). The association of the Asn330 allele was validated in two typical crossbred steer populations in two countries, suggesting it has effects of commercial significance.

Associations of melanocortin 1 receptor genotype with growth and carcass traits in beef cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim L McLean ◽  
Sheila M Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Fat Level

Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) is considered to be the main gene controlling the production of eumelanin or phaeomelanin, resulting in black or red coat colour of cattle. The recessive red allele, e, codes for a nonfunctional receptor, which does not bind the agonist alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), allowing for the production of phaeomelanin, or red pigment, whereas the dominant ED allele binds α-MSH leading to the production of eumelanin. We hypothesized that black cattle would have more α-MSH bound to MC1R, which could result in more α-MSH binding to the appetite suppressing receptor, Melanocortin 4 Receptor. We genotyped 328 crossbred steers of various colours that were purchased at weaning and fed until slaughter. Black cattle of ED/ED or ED/e genotype had increased back fat and required significantly fewer days (15-25) on feed to reach a target fat level for slaughter than the red cattle. Red cattle of e/e genotype were found to have a significantly larger longissimus dorsi (l. dorsi), shipping weight and hot carcass weight. Differences were comparable whether black versus red coat colour or MC1R genotype were used as the criteria for the group of cattle. Key words: Coat colour, MC4R, MC1R, α-MSH, shipping weight

Association of the melanocortin 4 receptor with feed intake and daily gain in F2 Mangalitsa x Pietrain pigs

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Meidtner ◽  
A-K. Wermter ◽  
A. Hinney ◽  
H. Remschmidt ◽  
J. Hebebrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Daily Gain

scholarly journals EFISIENSI PRODUKSI SAPI POTONG PADA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT PADA MUSIM KEMARAU DI DAERAH PERTANIAN LAHAN KERING KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Handayanta ◽  
Lutojo Lutojo ◽  
Kurniasih Nurdiati
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmer ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

<p><em>This research was conducted to know the production efficiency of beef cattle in smallholder farmer in a dry farming area at dry season. Research has been started on June and finished on September (dry season) at smallholder farmer in the village Kemejing, Semin subdistrict, district Gunungkidul, DIY. The research materials are 28 heads of beef cattle from 17 farmers, which consist of 10 heads of PO breed, 10 heads of a Simpo breed, and 8 heads of Limpo breed with 292.25 kg of initial body weight. This research was using Participatory Rural Appraisal method which is a collecting data process that an active teamwork between data collector and farmer. Collected parameter are feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency, feed cost per gain (FC/G), and income over feed cost (IOFC). Data resulting from this research are 8.42 kg/head/day of feed intake, 0.19 kg/head/day of ADG, 0.021 of feed efficiency, Rp 46.166,62 of feed cost per gain, and Rp 3.985,55 of income over feed cost. It can be concluded that the efficient production of beef cattle in smallholder farmer at the dry area is low because average daily gain, feed cost per gain and income over feed cost produced are extremely small so if the calculated economic result is less favorable.</em></p>

PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CROSSES WITH THE HEREFORD IN A RANGE ENVIRONMENT

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-724
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Daily Gain

The performance of Brown-Swiss-, Holstein-, and Hereford-sired calves produced in a specific Hereford cow herd over 2 yr was evaluated in a southern Alberta range environment. Holstein × Hereford heifers exceeded Brown Swiss × Hereford and Hereford heifers in 200-day weight and 365-day weight, and lost less weight during the winter. Crossbred bull calves were heavier than Herefords in initial feedlot weight and 365-day weight, and had heavier and longer carcasses at the same age. Although the crossbreds consumed about 15% more digestible energy (DE) than the Herefords during the 168-day feedlot period, the three groups did not differ in megajoules (Mj) of dietary energy per kilogram of gain. Holstein × Hereford bulls had the highest feedlot average daily gain and the least fat cover over the longissimus dorsi. Brown Swiss × Hereford bulls had more lean, less marbling, and the highest cutability percent. An important aspect of the study was the demonstrated hardiness of the crossbred heifers derived from the apparently well-adapted Hereford cow herd in the tough range environment. Key words: Beef crosses, beef cattle performance, crossbreeding

The effect of thickness of steam-rolled barley on its utilization by beef cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hironaka ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
T. J. Lysyk
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

All-concentrate diets consisting of thin-, medium- or coarse-rolled barley or whole barley were fed to 24 Hereford steers and 24 Hereford bulls. Digestibility trials and chewing studies were conducted on each of the diets. Cattle fed medium-rolled barley gained faster (P < 0.05) (1.62 kg d−1) than those fed thin-rolled (1.49 kg d−1) or whole barley (1.38 kg d−1), and cattle fed coarse-rolled barley gained faster (P < 0.05) (1.53 kg d−1) than those fed whole barley. The average daily gain was similar in cattle fed thin-rolled and whole barley. Feed intake was lower from week 2 to week 8 in cattle fed the thin- and medium-rolled barley diets than in those fed the coarse-rolled and whole-barley diets. Gain-to-feed ratio decreased as the thickness of the roll increased and was lowest in cattle fed whole barley. Energy, protein and starch digestibilities declined with thickness of roll and were lowest for the whole-barley diets. Ruminating time and the time ruminating per kilogram of feed increased as the thickness of the roll increased; rumination time was longest on the whole-barley diet. Key words: Beef cattle, barley, rolling, processing, rumination, digestibility

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

scholarly journals RAPID COMMUNICATION: Residual feed intake in beef cattle is associated with differences in protein turnover and nutrient transporters in ruminal epithelium

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181-2187
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Elolimy ◽  
Emad Abdel-Hamied ◽  
Liangyu Hu ◽  
Joshua C McCann ◽  
Daniel W Shike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium

Abstract Residual feed intake (RFI) is a widely used measure of feed efficiency in cattle. Although the precise biologic mechanisms associated with improved feed efficiency are not well-known, most-efficient steers (i.e., with low RFI coefficient) downregulate abundance of proteins controlling protein degradation in skeletal muscle. Whether cellular mechanisms controlling protein turnover in ruminal tissue differ by RFI classification is unknown. The aim was to investigate associations between RFI and signaling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in ruminal epithelium. One hundred and forty-nine Red Angus cattle were allocated to 3 contemporary groups according to sex and herd origin. Animals were offered a finishing diet for 70 d to calculate the RFI coefficient for each. Within each group, the 2 most-efficient (n = 6) and least-efficient animals (n = 6) were selected. Compared with least-efficient animals, the most-efficient animals consumed less feed (P &lt; 0.05; 18.36 vs. 23.39 kg/d DMI). At day 70, plasma samples were collected for insulin concentration analysis. Ruminal epithelium was collected immediately after slaughter to determine abundance and phosphorylation status of 29 proteins associated with MTOR, ubiquitin-proteasome, insulin signaling, and glucose and amino acid transport. Among the proteins involved in cellular protein synthesis, most-efficient animals had lower (P ≤ 0.05) abundance of MTOR, p-MTOR, RPS6KB1, EIF2A, EEF2K, AKT1, and RPS6KB1, whereas MAPK3 tended (P = 0.07) to be lower. In contrast, abundance of p-EEF2K, p-EEF2K:EEF2K, and p-EIF2A:EIF2A in most-efficient animals was greater (P ≤ 0.05). Among proteins catalyzing steps required for protein degradation, the abundance of UBA1, NEDD4, and STUB1 was lower (P ≤ 0.05) and MDM2 tended (P = 0.06) to be lower in most-efficient cattle. Plasma insulin and ruminal epithelium insulin signaling proteins did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between RFI groups. However, abundance of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter SLC2A4 and the amino acid transporters SLC1A3 and SLC1A5 also was lower (P ≤ 0.05) in most-efficient cattle. Overall, the data indicate that differences in signaling mechanisms controlling protein turnover and nutrient transport in ruminal epithelium are components of feed efficiency in beef cattle.

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