Associations of melanocortin 1 receptor genotype with growth and carcass traits in beef cattle

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim L McLean ◽  
Sheila M Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Main Gene ◽  
Fat Level

Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) is considered to be the main gene controlling the production of eumelanin or phaeomelanin, resulting in black or red coat colour of cattle. The recessive red allele, e, codes for a nonfunctional receptor, which does not bind the agonist alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), allowing for the production of phaeomelanin, or red pigment, whereas the dominant ED allele binds α-MSH leading to the production of eumelanin. We hypothesized that black cattle would have more α-MSH bound to MC1R, which could result in more α-MSH binding to the appetite suppressing receptor, Melanocortin 4 Receptor. We genotyped 328 crossbred steers of various colours that were purchased at weaning and fed until slaughter. Black cattle of ED/ED or ED/e genotype had increased back fat and required significantly fewer days (15-25) on feed to reach a target fat level for slaughter than the red cattle. Red cattle of e/e genotype were found to have a significantly larger longissimus dorsi (l. dorsi), shipping weight and hot carcass weight. Differences were comparable whether black versus red coat colour or MC1R genotype were used as the criteria for the group of cattle. Key words: Coat colour, MC4R, MC1R, α-MSH, shipping weight

Melanocortin 4 receptor polymorphism is associated with carcass fat in beef cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim McLean ◽  
Sheila Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Heterozygous Genotype ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Receptor Polymorphism

McLean, K. L. and Schmutz, S. M. 2011. Melanocortin 4 receptor polymorphism is associated with carcass fat in beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 75–79. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) binds α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) reducing feed and energy intake in several species of animals. One variant in swine has been reported to increase daily gain, backfat deposition and feed intake. MC4R sequence was obtained from 20 random crossbred steers where a novel Ser330Asn polymorphism was detected. Three hundred and eighty-two crossbred Canadian steers and 985 crossbred American steers were genotyped for this polymorphism. The Ser330Asn polymorphism had a minor allele frequency of 0.01 in the Canadian and 0.02 in the American steer populations. The Canadian steers with the heterozygous genotype had increased grade fat (P=0.036) and decreased lean meat yield (P=0.032). The American heterozygous steers had increased backfat (P=0.031) and less desirable yield grades (P=0.022), but also lower longissimus dorsi measurements (P=0.031). The association of the Asn330 allele was validated in two typical crossbred steer populations in two countries, suggesting it has effects of commercial significance.

PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY CROSSES WITH THE HEREFORD IN A RANGE ENVIRONMENT

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-724
Author(s):  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Daily Gain

The performance of Brown-Swiss-, Holstein-, and Hereford-sired calves produced in a specific Hereford cow herd over 2 yr was evaluated in a southern Alberta range environment. Holstein × Hereford heifers exceeded Brown Swiss × Hereford and Hereford heifers in 200-day weight and 365-day weight, and lost less weight during the winter. Crossbred bull calves were heavier than Herefords in initial feedlot weight and 365-day weight, and had heavier and longer carcasses at the same age. Although the crossbreds consumed about 15% more digestible energy (DE) than the Herefords during the 168-day feedlot period, the three groups did not differ in megajoules (Mj) of dietary energy per kilogram of gain. Holstein × Hereford bulls had the highest feedlot average daily gain and the least fat cover over the longissimus dorsi. Brown Swiss × Hereford bulls had more lean, less marbling, and the highest cutability percent. An important aspect of the study was the demonstrated hardiness of the crossbred heifers derived from the apparently well-adapted Hereford cow herd in the tough range environment. Key words: Beef crosses, beef cattle performance, crossbreeding

scholarly journals Synthesis of DOTA-pyridine chelates for 64Cu coordination and radiolabeling of αMSH peptide

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Brooke McNeil ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang ◽  
Zheliang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Potential ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Endogenous Copper ◽  
Coordination Ability ◽  
Copper Chelators ◽  
Cu Complexes ◽  
High Binding Affinity

Abstract Background 64Cu is one of the few radioisotopes that can be used for both imaging and therapy, enabling theranostics with identical chemical composition. Development of stable chelators is essential to harness the potential of this isotope, challenged by the presence of endogenous copper chelators. Pyridyl type chelators show good coordination ability with copper, prompting the present study of a series of chelates DOTA-xPy (x = 1–4) that sequentially substitute carboxyl moieties with pyridyl moieties on a DOTA backbone. Results We found that the presence of pyridyl groups significantly increases 64Cu labeling conversion yield, with DOTA-2Py, −3Py and -4Py quantitatively complexing 64Cu at room temperature within 5 min (1 × 10− 4 M). [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-xPy (x = 2–4) exhibited good stability in human serum up to 24 h. When challenged with 1000 eq. of NOTA, no transmetallation was observed for all three 64Cu complexes. DOTA-xPy (x = 1–3) were conjugated to a cyclized α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) peptide by using one of the pendant carboxyl groups as a bifunctional handle. [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-xPy-αMSH retained good serum stability (> 96% in 24 h) and showed high binding affinity (Ki = 2.1–3.7 nM) towards the melanocortin 1 receptor. Conclusion DOTA-xPy (x = 1–3) are promising chelators for 64Cu. Further in vivo evaluation is necessary to assess the full potential of these chelators as a tool to enable further theranostic radiopharmaceutical development.

scholarly journals Interaction between the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and agouti signalling protein genes (ASIP), and their association with black and brown coat colour phenotypes in peruvian alpaca

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1508-1512
Author(s):  
Stefano Pallotti ◽  
Bathrachalam Chandramohan ◽  
Dario Pediconi ◽  
Cristina Nocelli ◽  
Antonietta La Terza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Colour ◽  
Melanocortin 1 Receptor

scholarly journals Agouti-related protein (83-132) is a competitive antagonist at the human melanocortin-4 receptor: no evidence for differential interactions with pro-opiomelanocortin-derived ligands

2004 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Pritchard ◽  
D Armstrong ◽  
N Davies ◽  
RL Oliver ◽  
CA Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Dissociation Kinetics ◽  
Competitive Antagonist ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Natural Ligand ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

Interactions between pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, agouti-related protein (AGRP) and the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) are central to energy homeostasis. In this study we have undertaken comprehensive pharmacological analysis of these interactions using a CHOK1 cell line stably transfected with human MC4-R. Our main objectives were (1) to compare the relative affinities and potencies of POMC-derived peptides endogenously secreted within the hypothalamus, (2) to investigate the potency of AGRP(83-132) antagonism with respect to each POMC-derived peptide and (3) to determine whether AGRP(83-132) and POMC-derived peptides act allosterically or orthosterically. We have found that beta melanocyte-stimulating hormone (betaMSH), desacetyl alpha MSH (da-alphaMSH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone all have very similar affinities and potencies at the MC4-R compared with the presumed natural ligand, alphaMSH. Moreover, even MSH precursors, such as beta lipotrophic hormone, showed significant binding and functional activity. Therefore, many POMC-derived peptides could have important roles in appetite regulation and it seems unlikely that alphaMSH is the sole physiological ligand. We have shown that AGRP(83-132) acts as a competitive antagonist. There was no significant difference in the potency of inhibition by AGRP(83-132) or agouti(87-132) at the MC4-R, regardless of which POMC peptide was used as an agonist. Furthermore, we have found that AGRP(83-132) has no effect on the dissociation kinetics of radiolabelled Nle4,D-Phe7 MSH from the MC4-R, indicating an absence of allosteric effects. This provides strong pharmacological evidence that AGRP(83-132) acts orthosterically at the MC4-R to inhibit Gs-coupled accumulation of intracellular cAMP.

scholarly journals Pemotongan Sapi Betina Produktif di Rumah Potong Hewan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Nur Rasminati
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words

<div class="WordSection1"><p><em>The research was conducted to know the number of the productive female beef cattle slaughtering at abattoir in DIY. All of the beef cattle which slaughtered along a month were used in this research. The result showed that the number of productive beef cattle slaughtered  up to 2 years old were 28.98%; 2 – 5 years old were 69.55%; more than 5 years old were 1.44%. The female beef cattle slaughtered were 54.58% and the male beef cattle slaughtered were 32.36%. The non productive beef cattle slaughtered were 13.04% including 5.79% male and 7.24% female. The Peranakan Ongole (PO) breed slaughtered was 60.36% (125 heads), Brahman Cross 16.42% (34 heads), Simmental 15.94% (33 heads), Brangus 2.42% (5 heads), Limousine 4.35% (9 heads) and PFH 0.48% (1 heads). The percentage of productive beef cattle slaughtering were 86.95% with female beef productive were 64.25% and the PO breed at 2 – 5 years old were the most slaughtered. It could be concluded that the productive female beef cattle slaughtering at abattoir in DIY was quite high, which may influence the breed resources of beef cattle.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words : Productive beef cattle, slaughtering, abattoir, Yogyakarta</em></p></div><em><br clear="all" /> </em>

Dietary acorns provide a source of gamma-tocopherol to pigs raised extensively

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Rey ◽  
B. Isabel ◽  
R. Cava ◽  
C. J. Lopez-Bote
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Key Words Pig

Pigs raised extensively and fed acorns and grass had a higher concentration of alpha and gamma-tocopherol in longissimus dorsi muscle and microsome extracts than pigs fed in confinement with mixed diets (P < 0.001). This is attributable to the high concentration of alpha-tocopherol in grass (over 200 mg kg−1 DM) and gamma-toco-pherol in acorns (60–70 mg kg−1 DM). Key words: Pig, acorn, gamma-tocopherol, diet

scholarly journals Genetics of adaptive traits in heifers and their relationship to growth, pubertal and carcass traits in two tropical beef cattle genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Prayaga ◽  
N. J. Corbet ◽  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
M. L. Wolcott ◽  
G. Fordyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Condition Score

Genetic analyses of tropical adaptive traits were conducted for two tropically adapted genotypes, Brahman (BRAH) and Tropical Composite (TCOMP). Traits included tick scores (TICK), faecal egg counts (EPG), buffalo fly-lesion scores (FLY), rectal temperatures under hot conditions (TEMP), coat scores (COAT), coat colour on a light to dark scale (COLOUR), navel scores (NAVEL) and temperament measured as flight time (FT). The data comprised adaptive measures recorded at specific times on 2071 heifers comprising 966 BRAH and 1105 TCOMP. The genetic correlations of these adaptive traits with heifer growth, scanned carcass, pubertal measures and steer growth and carcass traits were estimated. BRAH recorded significantly (P < 0.05) lower TICK, EPG, FLY and TEMP than did TCOMP. BRAH also had significantly sleeker coats, lighter coat colour, more pendulous navels and more docile temperament than did TCOMP. The heritability of TICK and FLY was low (<20%), that of EPG, TEMP, NAVEL and FT was moderate (20–50%) and that of COAT and COLOUR high (>50%). In general, phenotypic correlations between these adaptive traits were low and genetic correlations were non-significant, implying trait independence. Genetic correlations between EPG and weight traits (0.29 to 0.44) indicated a positive relationship, implying no deleterious effect of worms on the growth at a genetic level, especially in TCOMP. The negative genetic correlations between COAT and body-condition score across genotypes (–0.33 to –0.48) indicated genetic advantage of sleek coats in tropics. A positive genetic correlation between COAT and the age at the first-observed corpus luteum (0.73) in BRAH indicated that BRAH with sleeker coats were genetically early maturing. Further, sleeker coats were genetically indicative of lower weights and lower fat cover at puberty in BRAH. The scanned fat measures at rump and rib sites for feedlot steers showed strong genetic correlation (0.50–0.58) with heifer TEMP, indicating genetically fatter animals had genetically lower heat tolerance. In BRAH, a positive genetic association between heifer COLOUR and scanned fat measures in steers (0.50–0.54) implied increased fatness in genetically darker animals. Further, in BRAH, a strong negative genetic correlation (–0.97) was observed between steer retail beef yield and heifer TEMP, indicating a favourable genetic association. In general, genetic correlations between adaptive traits and other economic traits were genotype specific. Further, it can be concluded that selection for productive and pubertal traits in tropical beef cattle genotypes would not adversely affect their tropical adaptability.

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