Soaking and pelleting of pig diets alters the apparent absorption and retention of minerals

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Erika Skoglund ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg ◽  
Ricarda M. Engberg
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Ca Addition ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Phytate Content ◽  
Fractional Content

The effect of soaking a pig's diet in water (9 h at room temperature) or heat pelleting (81 °C) on apparent absorption and retention of intrinsic minerals was studied with and without the addition of calcium carbonate in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Thirty pigs were allocated to different diet treatments and two separate balances were calculated throughout a 33-d study. Soaking the diet significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the phytate content (IP6) and increased (P < 0.001) the fractional content of degradation products (IP3-5), whereas heat pelleting only marginally affected these compounds. Soaking and heat pelleting of feeds did not affect dry matter (DM) digestibility or N and S balances in the animals (P > 0.05), indicating that feed matrix remained unaltered by the treatments. Dietary Ca addition reduced the absorption coefficient of DM (P < 0.01), ash (P < 0.001) and Ca (P < 0.05) as well as the uptake of P (P < 0.001). Heat pelleting selectively reduced the uptake of feed Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn compared with untreated and soaked diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, heat pelleting of feeds showed a negative effect on mineral uptake, whereas the soaking procedure seemed to have only a very marginal positive (P > 0.05) effect on the uptake of elements in the digestive tract. Key words: Heat pelleting, soaking, inositol phosphates, phytate, calcium, trace elements

Comparison between steeping and pelleting a mixed diet at different calcium levels on phytate degradation in pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Skoglund ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Inositol Hexaphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Phytate Degradation ◽  
Phytate Content

The degradation of phytate (inositol hexaphosphate) in the stomach, small intestine and colon was studied in 36 female pigs. A comparison was made between steeped (9 h, room temperature, feed:water 1:2.5) and pelleted diets with or without calcium carbonate supplementation (12.5 g kg−1). The diet was composed of barley, rapeseed cake and peas in the proportion 70:15:15. Dietary and intestinal content of phytate and its hydrolysis products (inositol penta-, tetra- and triphosphates) were determined using HPLC ion-pair chromatography. Steeping the feed for 9 h at room temperature reduced the phytate content by 45% and increased the amount of free phosphorus threefold. Pelleting the diet reduced phytate content by 7%. Supplementation with Ca decreased dietary phytate reduction. Steeping of the diet reduced ileal phytate content by 40% compared with pelleting. Apparent phosphorus absorption from ileal digesta was 10% lower when pigs were fed the pelleted diet, as compared to the steeped diet. Calcium carbonate supplementation impared inositol hexaphosphate degradation in the colon of pigs, but did not affect phytate degradation in the stomach and small intestine. Calcium carbonate supplementation, moreover, depressed apparent P uptake in the stomach/small intestinal region, as well as in the total gastrointestinal tract, for all feed treatments. Key words: Phytate degradation, inositol phosphates, steeping, pelleting, calcium, pigs

Studies on hydrolysis and radiolysis of N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sugo ◽  
Y. Sasaki ◽  
S. Tachimori
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Radioactive Liquid Waste ◽  
Ether Bond ◽  
Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fuel Reprocessing

SummaryHydrolytic and radiolytic stabilities of a promising extractant, N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide (TODGA), for actinides in high-level radioactive liquid waste from nuclear fuel reprocessing were investigated in air at room temperature. Hydrolysis by nitric acid was not observed, whereas radiolysis by gamma irradiation was notably observed. The radiolysis study showed that an amide-bond, an ether-bond, and a bond adjacent to the ether-bond tended to be broken by gamma irradiation, and dioctylamine and various N,N-dioctylmonoamides were identified as the main degradation products by GC/MS and NMR analyses. The

On the Chemistry of Tetrabenzyl Thiuram Disulfide and Tetramethyl Thiuram Disulfide with Bis (Triethoxysilylpropyl) Tetrasulfide in Silica Compounds

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Datta ◽  
A. G. Talma ◽  
S. Datta ◽  
P. G. J. Nieuwenhuis ◽  
W. J. Nijenhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract The use of thiurams such as Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) or Tetrabenzyl thiuram disulfide (TBzTD) has been explored to achieve higher cure efficiency. The studies suggest that a clear difference exists between the effect of TMTD versus TBzTD. TMTD reacts with Bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) and this reaction can take place even at room temperature. On the other hand, the reaction of TBzTD with TESPT is slow and takes place only at higher temperature. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with mass (MS) detection, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and other analytical tools have been used to understand the differences between the reaction of TMTD and TESPT versus TBzTD and TESPT. The reaction products originating from these reactions are also identified. These studies indicate that unlike TMTD, TBzTD improves the cure efficiency allowing faster cure without significant effect on processing characteristics as well as dynamic properties. The loading of TESPT is reduced in a typical Green tire compound and the negative effect on viscosity is repaired by addition of anhydrides, such as succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, etc.

scholarly journals Dietary rambutan peel powder as a rumen modifier in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Negative Effect

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle.Methods: Four, 2-year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; non-supplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice.Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplementation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the propionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered.Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

Inositol phosphates from barley low-phytate grain mutants analysed by metal-dye detection HPLC and NMR

2001 ◽  
Vol 354 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank HATZACK ◽  
Frank HÜBEL ◽  
Wei ZHANG ◽  
Poul E. HANSEN ◽  
Søren K. RASMUSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Phytate Degradation ◽  
Parent Variety ◽  
Mutant Lines

Inositol phosphates from barley low-phytate grain mutants and their parent variety were analysed by metal-dye detection HPLC and NMR. Compound assignment was carried out by comparison of retention times using a chemical hydrolysate of phytate [Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6] as a reference. Co-inciding retention times indicated the presence of phytate, D/L-Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5, Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5, D/L-(1,2,4,5,6)P5, D/L-(1,2,3,4)P4, D/L-Ins(1,2,5,6)P4 and D/L-Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 in PLP1B mutants as well as the parent variety. In grain extracts from mutant lines PLP1A, PLP2A and PLP3A unusual accumulations of D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 were observed whereas phytate and the above-mentioned inositol phosphates were present in relatively small amounts. Assignment of D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 was corroborated by precise co-chromatography with a commercial Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 standard and by NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of inositol phosphates during grain development revealed accumulation of phytate and D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, which suggested the tetrakisphosphate compound to be an intermediate of phytate synthesis. This assumption was strengthened further by phytate degradation assays showing that D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 did not belong to the spectrum of degradation products generated by endogenous phytase activity. Metabolic scenarios leading to accumulation of D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in barley low-phytate mutants are discussed.

scholarly journals Wholewheat flour ensures higher mineral absorption and bioavailability than white wheat flour in rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Anne Levrat-Verny ◽  
Charles Coudray ◽  
Jacques Bellanger ◽  
Hubert W. Lopez ◽  
Christian Demigné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
White Flour ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Consumption of unrefined whole flour is thought to affect mineral bioavailability because it contains high levels of fibre and phytic acid. The present experiment was designed to study the absorption of minerals from diets based on wholewheat flour and white wheat flour in rats. Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed on the diets for 3 weeks and absorption and tissue retention of minerals were studied. The rats fed on the wholewheat flour diet had significantly greater food intake, weight gain, faecal excretion and intestinal fermentation than those fed on the white flour diet. Mineral intakes, except for Ca, were significantly greater in rats fed on the wholewheat flour diet (4-fold for Mg, 2-fold for Fe and Zn). A significant rise in the apparent absorption of Fe (%) and a significant decrease in the apparent absorption of Zn (%) were observed. The amounts of minerals absorbed (mg/d) were significantly enhanced (excepted for Ca) with the wholewheat flour diet. Moreover, plasma and tibia levels of Mg and plasma, liver and tibia levels of Fe were significantly increased in rats fed on the wholewheat flour diet compared with those fed on the white flour diet. In conclusion, wholewheat flour, rich in phytic acid and minerals, did not have a negative effect on mineral absorption, but rather improved the bioavailability of some minerals. Human studies are needed to confirm these rat results before extrapolation to human nutrition.

The Effect of Final Heating on the Concentration of Phthalic Acid Esters by Sous-Vide Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 955 ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Jandlová ◽  
Alžbeta Jarošová ◽  
Josef Kameník
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sous Vide ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

In our research the influence of thermal heating on the release of plasticizers from plastics into the meat product and water was researched. The two most widely used plasticizers, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were detected. Both of the plasticizers have a negative effect on the health. And both are regulated by regulation of the European Union. In this study were researched phthalates in products prepared by sous-vide technology and it was studied effect of reheating on migration of phthalates. The average concentrations of both phthalate esters, DBP and DEHP, in heated water decreased. The average concentration of DBP in water before heating was detected 0.82 mg/100 ml and after heating 0.52 mg/100 ml, the average concentration of DEHP in water before heating was established 0.33 mg/100 ml and after heating 0.19 mg/100 ml. In plastic wraps, average DBP concentration with reheating increased and average DEHP concentration with reheating dropped. The average DBP concentration in plastic packaging, heating at 60 °C/12 h was determined of 9.87 mg/dm2 after reheating 60 °C/1 h was detected of 15.40 mg/dm2. The average concentration of DEHP in plastic packaging, heating at 60 °C/12 h was determined of 58.71 mg/dm2 and after reheating 60 °C/1 h was detected of 28.28 mg/dm2. The average DBP concentration in meat products due to reheating decreased, the average DEHP concentration in meat products increased. The average DBP concentration in meat products heating at 60 °C/12 h was detected of 8.39 mg/g dry matter and after reheating of 6.43 mg/g dry matter, the average DEHP concentration heating at 60 °C/12 h was determined of 25.37 mg/g dry matter and after reheating of 65.51 mg/g dry matter..

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating HPLC Methods for the Estimation of Lomefloxacin and Balofloxacin Oxidation Process under ACVA, H2O2, or KMnO4 Treatment. Kinetic Evaluation and Identification of Degradation Products by Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5251
Author(s):  
Barbara Żuromska-Witek ◽  
Paweł Żmudzki ◽  
Marek Szlósarczyk ◽  
Anna Maślanka ◽  
Urszula Hubicka
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Isocratic Elution ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Azo Initiator ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Kinetics Of

The oxidation of lomefloxacin (LOM) and balofloxacin (BAL) under the influence of azo initiator of radical reactions of 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACVA) and H2O2 was examined. Oxidation using H2O2 was performed at room temperature while using ACVA at temperatures: 40, 50, 60 °C. Additionally, the oxidation process of BAL under the influence of KMnO4 in an acidic medium was investigated. New stability-indicating HPLC methods were developed in order to evaluate the oxidation process. Chromatographic analysis was carried out using the Kinetex 5u XB—C18 100A column, Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA) (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size, core shell type). The chromatographic separation was achieved while using isocratic elution and a mobile phase with the composition of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH = 3.20 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (87:13 v/v for LOM; 80:20 v/v for BAL). The column was maintained at 30 °C. The methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines, and it was found that they met the acceptance criteria. An oxidation process followed kinetics of the second order reaction. The most probable structures of LOM and BAL degradation products formed were assigned by the UHPLC/MS/MS method.

scholarly journals PSXII-18 The influence of molybdenum in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of molybdenum and copper in beef steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 423-424
Author(s):  
Meghan P Thorndyke ◽  
Nicole M Tillquist ◽  
Nicole M Jones ◽  
Terry Engle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intake Control

Abstract Twelve Angus steers (BW 694.1 ± 47.4 kg) fitted ruminal cannulae were used to examine the effect of molybdenum (Mo) supplemented in drinking water or feed on apparent absorption and retention of Mo and copper (Cu). Steers were fed a low-quality grass hay diet (DM basis: 6.5% CP; 0.13% S, 3.4 mg Cu/kg, 2.4 mg Mo/kg) for 14 d. Steers were then housed in individual metabolism stalls for 3 d to determine DMI. Steers were then blocked by BW and DMI and randomly assigned within block to one of three treatments (n = 4 steers per treatment). Treatments consisted of: 1) Control (no supplemental Mo); 2) 5.0 mg Mo/kg DM from sodium molybdate dihydrate (Mo-diet), and 3) 1.5 mg Mo/l from sodium molybdate dihydrate delivered in the drinking water (Mo-water). After the 3d DMI determination period, total fecal and urine output was collected for 5 d. Dry matter intake and DM digestibility were similar across treatments. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects model (PROC MIXED, SAS) for a completely randomized block design. Apparent absorption of Cu was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Control and Mo-water steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Apparent retention of Cu was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Control steers when compared to Mo-diet steers. Steers receiving Mo-water had a similar apparent retention of Cu when compared to Control and Mo-diet steers. By design, treatment was a significant (P &lt; 0.01) source of variation for Mo intake. Control steers had lesser (P &lt; 0.05) Mo intake when compared to Mo-diet and Mo-water supplemented steers. Apparent absorption and retention of Mo were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in Mo-diet steers compared to Control and Mo-water steers. These data indicate that Mo metabolism and apparent absorption of Cu are different when Mo is supplemented in water relative to feed.

PRESERVATION AND PROCESSING OF WHOLE HIGH MOISTURE SHELLED CORN WITH AMMONIA

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Temperature Application ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

Whole high moisture shelled corn (28% moisture) was treated with varying levels of anhydrous ammonia and stored in plastic-lined drums for 60 days at room temperature. Application of 2% (dry matter basis) ammonia successfully eliminated growth of fungi while also reducing bacterial counts. Microbial counts increased only slightly after exposing the stored corn to air for 7 days. Nitrogen content of the corn increased with ammoniation up to the 2% treatment level. At this level, 35% of the nitrogen that was added as ammonia was retained following exposure to air. Only 56% of this nitrogen was solubilized by rumen fluid. However, pepsin solubilized at least all of the added nitrogen. Rate of starch degradation by Agidex (amyloglucosidase) decreased with increasing levels of ammonia. Similarly, incubation of ground corn in nylon bags placed in rumens of steers indicated slower rates of dry matter disappearance with the higher levels of anhydrous ammonia. Untreated whole corn was digested little even after 48 h incubation using the nylon bag technique. However, 80%) of the dry matter disappeared after 48 h incubation with whole corn processed with 2% ammonia.

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