Comparison between steeping and pelleting a mixed diet at different calcium levels on phytate degradation in pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Skoglund ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Inositol Hexaphosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Phytate Degradation ◽  
Phytate Content

The degradation of phytate (inositol hexaphosphate) in the stomach, small intestine and colon was studied in 36 female pigs. A comparison was made between steeped (9 h, room temperature, feed:water 1:2.5) and pelleted diets with or without calcium carbonate supplementation (12.5 g kg−1). The diet was composed of barley, rapeseed cake and peas in the proportion 70:15:15. Dietary and intestinal content of phytate and its hydrolysis products (inositol penta-, tetra- and triphosphates) were determined using HPLC ion-pair chromatography. Steeping the feed for 9 h at room temperature reduced the phytate content by 45% and increased the amount of free phosphorus threefold. Pelleting the diet reduced phytate content by 7%. Supplementation with Ca decreased dietary phytate reduction. Steeping of the diet reduced ileal phytate content by 40% compared with pelleting. Apparent phosphorus absorption from ileal digesta was 10% lower when pigs were fed the pelleted diet, as compared to the steeped diet. Calcium carbonate supplementation impared inositol hexaphosphate degradation in the colon of pigs, but did not affect phytate degradation in the stomach and small intestine. Calcium carbonate supplementation, moreover, depressed apparent P uptake in the stomach/small intestinal region, as well as in the total gastrointestinal tract, for all feed treatments. Key words: Phytate degradation, inositol phosphates, steeping, pelleting, calcium, pigs

Soaking and pelleting of pig diets alters the apparent absorption and retention of minerals

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Erika Skoglund ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg ◽  
Ricarda M. Engberg
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Mineral Uptake ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Ca Addition ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Phytate Content ◽  
Fractional Content

The effect of soaking a pig's diet in water (9 h at room temperature) or heat pelleting (81 °C) on apparent absorption and retention of intrinsic minerals was studied with and without the addition of calcium carbonate in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Thirty pigs were allocated to different diet treatments and two separate balances were calculated throughout a 33-d study. Soaking the diet significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the phytate content (IP6) and increased (P < 0.001) the fractional content of degradation products (IP3-5), whereas heat pelleting only marginally affected these compounds. Soaking and heat pelleting of feeds did not affect dry matter (DM) digestibility or N and S balances in the animals (P > 0.05), indicating that feed matrix remained unaltered by the treatments. Dietary Ca addition reduced the absorption coefficient of DM (P < 0.01), ash (P < 0.001) and Ca (P < 0.05) as well as the uptake of P (P < 0.001). Heat pelleting selectively reduced the uptake of feed Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn compared with untreated and soaked diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, heat pelleting of feeds showed a negative effect on mineral uptake, whereas the soaking procedure seemed to have only a very marginal positive (P > 0.05) effect on the uptake of elements in the digestive tract. Key words: Heat pelleting, soaking, inositol phosphates, phytate, calcium, trace elements

scholarly journals Pure hydroxyapatite synthesis originating from amorphous calcium carbonate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michika Sawada ◽  
Kandi Sridhar ◽  
Yasuharu Kanda ◽  
Shinya Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Phosphate Compound ◽  
Synthesis Strategy ◽  
Phosphorylation Reaction ◽  
Subsequent Calcination

AbstractWe report a synthesis strategy for pure hydroxyapatite (HAp) using an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) colloid as the starting source. Room-temperature phosphorylation and subsequent calcination produce pure HAp via intermediate amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). The pre-calcined sample undergoes a competitive transformation from ACC to ACP and crystalline calcium carbonate. The water content, ACC concentration, Ca/P molar ratio, and pH during the phosphorylation reaction play crucial roles in the final phase of the crystalline phosphate compound. Pure HAp is formed after ACP is transformed from ACC at a low concentration (1 wt%) of ACC colloid (1.71 < Ca/P < 1.88), whereas Ca/P = 1.51 leads to pure β-tricalcium phosphate. The ACP phases are precursors for calcium phosphate compounds and may determine the final crystalline phase.

scholarly journals DATA ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HETERAKIS PAPILLOSA IN THE FOWL

1921 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Graybill
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Physiological Salt Solution ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Short Intervals

In observations on the development of the ova of Heterakis papillosa in cultures, it was found that they failed to develop at a temperature ranging from 2.5–8°C., but developed slowly at a temperature of 11.5–13.5°C. The minimum temperature for development seems to lie between 8° and 11.5–13.5°C. At temperatures ranging in various cultures from 18–29°C. ova developed to their final stage in 7 to 12 days. Undeveloped ova subjected to a freezing temperature for a period of 4 days were viable at the end of that time. Fully developed ones remained alive when exposed out of doors for a period of 7 days at a temperature ranging from 5–62°F. Undeveloped ova survived desiccation at room temperature for a period of 16 days, but not for 41 days. Fully developed eggs were alive after desiccation for 18 days, but not after 49 days. In another instance they were no longer viable after 10 days. Embryos within ova kept in physiological salt solution at room temperature survived during a period of a little over 12 months. Fully developed ova kept in soil outdoors under circumstances approaching natural conditions contained living embryos after a period of 8 months. From a study of a series of artificially infested chickens killed at short intervals it appears that the ova of Heterakis hatch in the small intestine and the larvæ pass by way of the small and large intestines to the ceca where they undergo development to maturity. Larvæ found in the mucosa of the ceca were not in an encysted condition. Feeding of numerous artificially incubated ova may lead to a light infestation, the cause of which has not been definitely determined. A period of 57 days was required for larvæ to reach maturity in a host. The entire cycle from egg to adult requires a minimum time of about 64 days. A brief study of the growth and development of larvæ within the host has been made. No evidence was found of a migration through the tissues. A few penetrate into the mucosa of the ceca.

Inositol phosphates from barley low-phytate grain mutants analysed by metal-dye detection HPLC and NMR

2001 ◽  
Vol 354 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank HATZACK ◽  
Frank HÜBEL ◽  
Wei ZHANG ◽  
Poul E. HANSEN ◽  
Søren K. RASMUSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Phytate Degradation ◽  
Parent Variety ◽  
Mutant Lines

Inositol phosphates from barley low-phytate grain mutants and their parent variety were analysed by metal-dye detection HPLC and NMR. Compound assignment was carried out by comparison of retention times using a chemical hydrolysate of phytate [Ins(1,2,3,4,5,6)P6] as a reference. Co-inciding retention times indicated the presence of phytate, D/L-Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5, Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5, D/L-(1,2,4,5,6)P5, D/L-(1,2,3,4)P4, D/L-Ins(1,2,5,6)P4 and D/L-Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 in PLP1B mutants as well as the parent variety. In grain extracts from mutant lines PLP1A, PLP2A and PLP3A unusual accumulations of D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 were observed whereas phytate and the above-mentioned inositol phosphates were present in relatively small amounts. Assignment of D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 was corroborated by precise co-chromatography with a commercial Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 standard and by NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of inositol phosphates during grain development revealed accumulation of phytate and D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, which suggested the tetrakisphosphate compound to be an intermediate of phytate synthesis. This assumption was strengthened further by phytate degradation assays showing that D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 did not belong to the spectrum of degradation products generated by endogenous phytase activity. Metabolic scenarios leading to accumulation of D/L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in barley low-phytate mutants are discussed.

Evaluation of inositol phosphates in urine after topical administration of myo-inositol hexaphosphate to female Wistar rats

Life Sciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grases ◽  
A. Costa-Bauzá ◽  
F. Berga ◽  
A. Rodríguez ◽  
R.M. Gomila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Inositol Hexaphosphate ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Titania Nanotubes Prepared by Templating Needle-Like Calcium Carbonate

2006 ◽  
Vol 11-12 ◽  
pp. 539-542
Author(s):  
Li Dong Gao ◽  
Jian Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Titania Nanotubes ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Crystal Nucleus ◽  
Caco3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Titania nanotubes were successfully synthesized by a simple procedure with needle-like CaCO3 as inorganic templates at a room temperature in nonaqueous system. Through the hydrolysis of tetrabutoxytitanium (TBOT), titania crystal nucleus were deposited on the CaCO3 nanoparticles due to heterogeneous nucleation, followed by aggregation condensation on the surface of needle-like CaCO3 cores and removal of CaCO3 to produce hollow titania nanotubes. Its morphological and structural properties were characterized by TEM, SEM, and XRD, respectively. The nanotubes have a uniform tubular hollow structure with one or two big openings ends, the length of about 2.0 μm, the average inner diameters of 100-200 nm, respectively, and a wall thickness of approximately 40 nm. The phase formed was anatase after calcinations at 723 K for 2 h and nanotubes with hollow structure remained their original shapes, and the BET surface area of as-synthesized titania nanotubes was 243.45 m2/g, and decreased to 144.76 m2/g after calcinations

scholarly journals Interactions between supplemented mineral phosphorus and phytase on phytate hydrolysis and inositol phosphates in the small intestine of broilers ,

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Zeller ◽  
Margit Schollenberger ◽  
Maren Witzig ◽  
Yauheni Shastak ◽  
Imke Kühn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Mineral Phosphorus ◽  
Phytate Hydrolysis

Precursors Influence on CaCu3Ti4O12 Synthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1313-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Virginia Gelfuso ◽  
Gabriel Moreira Lima ◽  
Daniel Thomazini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
N Powder ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work CCTO have been synthesized in two different chemical precursors: calcium hydroxide and copper sulfate were used to compose CCTO-S powder while calcium carbonate and copper nitrate were used to form CCTO-N powder. Calcinations conditions were dramatically different in terms of shelf time and temperature. The CCTO phase was fully obtained for 3 hours of calcination in CCTO-N against the 24 hours to form the same phase in CCTO-S powder. Ceramic bodies densities values for CCTO-S samples were 95% of theoretical density (5.05 g/cm3) and 98% for CCTO-N. The dielectric constant, at room temperature, was obtained for ceramics processed by two routes. Microstructural analysis was conducted by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and it was performed to explain the dielectric constant differences between CCTO-S and CCTO-N ceramics.

Study of Carbonizing Processes for Sintered Dolomite

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2552-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hua Xue ◽  
Min Fang Han ◽  
Qing Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Crystal Phase ◽  
Carbonization Process

It is the easy and widely used way to make light calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate from dolomite by carbonizing process. During this process, the dolomite is calcined at different temperature, from 700°C to 950°C to get the mixture including either calcium carbonate and magnesia or calcia and magnesia. Then the mixture is blended with water in different temperature from room temperature to 80°C. As a result, it is supposed to get calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, but XRD analysis reveals that it is not accord with the theory. Magnesium hydroxide can not be obtained during this reaction. After the carbonization process, the calcium carbonate and a kind of mixture which is composed with different crystal phase of Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2[H2O]4 have been produced, instead of magnesium carbonate. The magnesia is gotten when the mixture is calcined at 450~750°C.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document