Quality of deferred forage from waterfowl nesting sites on the Canadian prairies

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Jefferson ◽  
Les Wetter ◽  
Brent Wark
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Prairie Wetlands ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Cutting Height

The nesting success of waterfowl can be increased by deferred use of perennial forage plant species adjacent to Canadian prairie wetlands for habitat cover. However, the maintenance of plant species diversity and biomass production requires periodic vegetation management such as biomass harvesting. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of forage harvested from these sites as affected by deferral period (years), cutting height, species type (tame vs. native) and province. Biomass was sampled at 16, 12 and 12 sites in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, respectively, representing a range from 2 to 4 yr of deferred use. Plant species were described and samples were clipped at 10 and 20 cm cutting height at 8 or 16 transect points per site in late July or early August 1994. Forage quality was determined as crude protein (CP), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), P and Ca content. Deferral period affected quality, but the response varied by province. For example, IVOMD was 90 g kg−1 higher at sites with longer deferred use in Saskatchewan, but was similar for Alberta and Manitoba sites. Harvesting at 20 cm height resulted in 24 g kg−1 greater IVOMD and 9 g kg−1 increased CP averaged across all three provinces. Forage from tame species sites exhibited 70 g kg−1 higher IVOMD, 49 g kg−1 greater CP, 0.3 g kg−1 more P and 4.6 g kg−1 more Ca content than that of native species sites in Alberta but there was no difference between vegetation types at sites in the other provinces. These forage sources will produce medium quality hay for beef cattle production. Deferring native species sites for 2 yr will produce highest biomass yields with the highest cellulosic content for potential bioethanol conversion. Key words: Conservation, biomass, forage quality, NDF, ADF, protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, P, Ca

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

Effects of Grain Formation on Dry Matter Distribution and Forage Quality in Maize

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Distribution ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Final Harvest

SUMMARYPost-anthesis trends in yield and forage quality of dry matter in components of the maize shoot were studied in experiments with barren and fertile plants grown at 10 plants/m2. In fertile plants, which had a maximum shoot DW 6 or 7% higher than barren ones, the stems (including leaf sheaths) yielded 5 t/ha (42% shoot DW) 30 days after flowering, declining to 3·5 t/ha (26% DW) at final harvest 60 days later. During this period the ear increased by more than 4 t/ha, from 23 to 50% of shoot DW, whereas in barren plants there was little change in DM distribution, with the stem representing about 48% shoot DW, leaf and husk together 40–45% and the ear (rachis only) less than 10%. DM percentage of shoots was similar in barren and fertile plants until maximum DW was attained about 60 days after flowering, after which fertile plants dried more rapidly. In vitro dry matter digestibility was as high in barren as in fertile plants, and the analytical data on forage quality do not suggest that it was positively associated with grain content.

Effect of Cutting Height on Productivity and Forage Quality of Alfalfa in Alpine Area of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Kim Hak Jin ◽  
◽  
Li Yan Fen ◽  
Jeong Eun Chan ◽  
Ahmadi Farhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forage Quality ◽  
Alpine Area ◽  
Cutting Height

Maturation effects on forage quality of Kentucky bluegrass

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Hockensmith ◽  
C. C. Sheaffer ◽  
G. C. Marten ◽  
J. L. Halgerson
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cool Season

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is an important constituent of many permanent pastures in the northern United States and is an important source of livestock feed, but there is a paucity of information on its forage quality. The objective of this research was to assess changes with maturity in forage quality of whole herbage, leaves, and stems of Kentucky bluegrass compared with other important cool-season forage grasses. Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceae L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) were sampled weekly beginning in mid-May until each species reached milk stage. Kentucky bluegrass had the highest or was among the grasses with the highest average leaf percentage, and leaf, stem, and whole herbage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations; and lowest average whole herbage, leaf, and stem in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations compared with tall growing species. Kentucky bluegrass also had the slowest rates of change in leaf and stem concentration and in whole herbage IVDDM and NDF concentrations with maturity. Leaf concentration was negatively correlated with herbage NDF and ADL concentration, but was not correlated with herbage IVDDM and CP concentration. Relative to tall growing cool season grasses, Kentucky bluegrass is leafier, but it has poorer forage digestibility. Key words: Poa pratense L., forage quality, perennial grass, leaves, stems

scholarly journals The effects of first defoliation and previous management intensity on forage quality of a semi-natural species-rich grassland

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248804
Author(s):  
Klára Pavlů ◽  
Teowdroes Kassahun ◽  
Vilém V. Pavlů ◽  
Lenka Pavlů ◽  
Petr Blažek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Extensive Management ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
The Postponement

Semi-natural grasslands occupy large parts of the European landscape but little information exists about seasonal variations in their nutritive value during the growing season. This paper presents results of novel data showing the effect of 13 years of previous contrasting management intensities on herbage nutritional value in relation to different dates of first defoliation (by grazing or haymaking). The treatments were: extensive management and intensive management from previous years (1998–2011). Both treatments were cut in June followed by intensive/extensive grazing for the rest of the grazing season (July–October). To evaluate forage quality in the first defoliation date, biomass sampling was performed in the year 2012 for 23 weeks from May to mid-October, and in 2013 for seven weeks from May to mid-June. Sampling was performed from plots that were not under management during the sampling year. Previous extensive management was associated with significantly reduced forage quality for in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and reduced divalent cations (Ca, Mg) and Na during the first seven weeks of the grazing season and the forage was suitable only for beef cattle. Due to low forage IVOMD, the forage is suitable only for cattle maintenance or for low quality hay when the start of grazing was postponed from seven weeks of vegetative growth to 13 weeks, regardless of the previous intensity. Herbage harvested after 13 weeks of the grazing season was of very low quality and was unsuitable as a forage for cattle when it was the only source of feed. Agri-environmental payments are necessary to help agricultural utilisation to maintain semi-natural grasslands by compensating for deterioration of forage quality, not only for the postponement of the first defoliation (either as cutting or grazing) after mid-June, but also when extensive management is required.

scholarly journals The use of different N sources for the treatment of permanent grassland and effect on forage quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Simić ◽  
Jordan Marković ◽  
Savo Vučković, Bojan Stojanović ◽  
Zorica Bijelić, Violeta Mandić ◽  
Željko Dželetović
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Biomass Yields

During an experiment conducted in Serbia, near the city of Šabac over two growing seasons (2012/13 and 2013/14), the yield and quality of grassland treated with an organo-mineral fertilizer (farmyard manure 30 t ha-1 +10 wt.% zeolite) was monitored and compared to fertilization with pure manure (30 t ha-1), spring nitrogen application (50 kg/ha N), treatment with pure zeolite, and treatment without the addition of fertilizers. All fertilizers were spread in the autumn of 2012. Nitrogen was exceptionally applied in the spring of 2013 and 2014. Dry matter (DM) yield and forage quality were evaluated during the growing season, in two forage harvests. In addition to yields, the chemical composition of the biomass, concentrations of total protein fractions and in vitro DM digestibility were examined in detail. The biomass yields of both cuts in the first season were considerably higher after the application of manure with zeolite, pure manure and mineral nitrogen, compared to the control and zeolite. No significant differences among the treatments were noted with regard to the chemical composition of the biomass, or the effect of the type of fertilization on DM digestibility of the biomass from the natural grassland. The application of the organo-mineral fertilizer considerably reduced the share of NPN in total protein, compared to pure manure.

EFFECT OF MEFLUIDIDE ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS IN EAST-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1081-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McCAUGHEY ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Agropyron Cristatum ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Growing Conditions

Two experiments, each of two years duration, were conducted to examine the effect of the plant growth regulator, mefluidide (N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide), on yield and chemical composition of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) (L.) Gaertn.). In exp. 1, 1986, high rates of mefluidide resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) dry matter yield (DMY) and growth was inhibited for longer periods of time at higher application rates. Mefluidide treatment reduced (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content, increased (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP), ash and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) contents and had no effect on acid detergent fiber (ADF) or lignin contents. In 1987, neither DMY nor chemical composition were affected by mefluidide treatment. There were no effects of mefluidide treatment on DMY of regrowth in either year. However, regrowth CP content in 1986 and IVDOM content in 1987 were increased (P < 0.05) by mefluidide treatment while other chemical fractions were unaffected. In exp. 2, conducted in both 1987 and 1988, mefluidide application reduced (P < 0.05) reproductive shoot densities (RS) and DMY in both years. However, in 1987, the reduction in DMY only became apparent at late harvest dates. There were no effects of mefluidide treatment on CP content in either year. The regrowth DMY was reduced (P < 0.01) by mefluidide treatment in 1988 but not 1987 and CP content was not affected in either year. In these experiments, mefluidide enhanced forage quality when environmental conditions were favorable but was not effective during periods of drought stress. The high probability of drought occurring on the Canadian prairies would appear to limit application of this technology to more mesic locations. Under dry growing conditions, improvements in forage quality appear to be obtained at the expense of reduced forage yields.Key words: Agropyron cristatum, plant growth regulators, forage quality, mefluidide, nutritional value

Effects of height and frequency of defoliation on the productivity of irrigated oats (Avena strigosa cv. Saia) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley), grown alone or with barrel medic (Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong)

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
TM Bowdler
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Cutting Height

The effects of varying the height (5- 10 cm) and frequency (2-6 weeks) of defoliation on the dry matter yield, numbers of plants and tillers, and forage quality of Avena strigosa cv. Saia (oats) and Lolium perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley (perennial ryegrass), grown both in pure swards and in combination with Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong (barrel medic) were evaluated in irrigated pastures at Gatton in southeastern Queensland in 3 experiments over 2 years. In pure swards, defoliation every 6 weeks at the lowest cutting height (5 cm) gave the highest yields of both oats (10 t DM/ha) and ryegrass (12.6 t DM/ha). There were fewer live tillers per m2 of both oats and ryegrass cut at 6-week intervals compared with more frequent defoliations. However, tiller numbers of both were unaffected by cutting height. Lengthening the regrowth period from 2 to 6 weeks reduced nitrogen concentration by 23% (from 4, 75%) for ryegrass and by 16% (from 4.22%) for oats but increased cell wall content of oats from 38 to 45% and ryegrass from 36 to 41%. In vitro digestibility of oats fell from 82.4 to 79.9%, but the digestibility of ryegrass was unaffected. Cutting height had no effect on these measurements for either forage. In mixtures, ryegrass DM yield was highest (3.6 t/ha) when cut every 3 weeks and at the lowest defoliation height (5 cm) whereas cutting at 6-week intervals gave the highest yields of oats (5.2 t/ha). Legume yield was usually highest with defoliations every 3 or 4 weeks and at the lowest cutting height (5 cm), and was higher when grown with ryegrass (4.4 t/ha) than with oats (4.0 t/ha).

Forage quality of seeded native grasses in the fall season on the Canadian Prairie Provinces

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jefferson ◽  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
K. May ◽  
J. Woosaree ◽  
Li. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Western Wheatgrass

There is renewed interest in re-seeding native grasses in the prairie region of western Canada but there is limited information on their forage quality for fall grazing. We evaluated forage quality in early fall of nine native and one introduced grass species for 2 to 4 yr at five locations. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was high due to the advanced growth stage of the plants but varied among grass species at all sites . Western wheatgrass, Pascopyrum smithii, exhibited the lowest NDF and highest in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Northern wheatgrass, Elymus lanceolatus, exhibited the highest crude protein while western wheatgrass ranked second highest for crude protein. Indiangrass, Sorghastrum nutans, exhibited the highest P and Ca concentrations, while green needle grass, Nasella viridula, and mammoth wildrye, Leymus racemosus, exhibited the lowest concentrations. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) was not highly correlated to IVOMD, presumably due to the mature phenological stage at sampling. Western wheatgrass forage was nutritionally adequate to maintain a dry beef cow during the second trimester of pregnancy. Other species did not “cure on the stem” as had been previously reported and would require supplementary energy and protein to be utilized for fall pastures. Key words: Forage quality, fiber, protein, P, C4 grasses, C3 grasses

Growth and forage quality of three Bromus species native to western Canada

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. May ◽  
D. G. Stout ◽  
W. D. Willms ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
B. Coulman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Bromus Carinatus ◽  
Disturbed Areas

There is growing interest in revegetating disturbed areas with native plant species; thus seed sources for appropriate native species need to be developed. In this study, we compared growth and forage quality of three native Bromus species (Bromus carinatus, B. ciliatus, and B. anomalus) collected in central Alberta with growth and forage quality of three domestic forage species (B. riparius Rehm., B. inermis Leyss., and Dactylis glomerata L.). Eight establishment year-locations were used for experiments conducted between 1993 and and 1996 at six locations in western Canada. Seedling establishment measured in 4 year-locations indicated that all native Bromus species established as well as the domestic bromegrasses, and that B. carinatus exceeded seedling establishment of the domestic bromegrasses. Bromus carinatus either yielded the same or less dry matter (DM) that the domestic bromegrasses, the same or more than D. glomerata, and more than B. ciliatus or B. anomalus. Bromus carinatus was either as tall as or shorter than the domestic bromegrasses, as tall as D. glomerata, and taller than Bromus ciliatus and B. anomalus. Bromus carinatus was more prone to lodging than B. ciliatus, B. anomalus, or the domestic species. These native Bromus species appear to have the required establishment potential and productivity to be suitable for reseeding disturbed areas and fill the niche where native species are required. Key words: Bromus, dry matter, crude protein, dry matter digestibility, acid detergent fibre, smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass

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