Effects of height and frequency of defoliation on the productivity of irrigated oats (Avena strigosa cv. Saia) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley), grown alone or with barrel medic (Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong)

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
KF Lowe ◽  
TM Bowdler
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Cutting Height

The effects of varying the height (5- 10 cm) and frequency (2-6 weeks) of defoliation on the dry matter yield, numbers of plants and tillers, and forage quality of Avena strigosa cv. Saia (oats) and Lolium perenne cv. Kangaroo Valley (perennial ryegrass), grown both in pure swards and in combination with Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong (barrel medic) were evaluated in irrigated pastures at Gatton in southeastern Queensland in 3 experiments over 2 years. In pure swards, defoliation every 6 weeks at the lowest cutting height (5 cm) gave the highest yields of both oats (10 t DM/ha) and ryegrass (12.6 t DM/ha). There were fewer live tillers per m2 of both oats and ryegrass cut at 6-week intervals compared with more frequent defoliations. However, tiller numbers of both were unaffected by cutting height. Lengthening the regrowth period from 2 to 6 weeks reduced nitrogen concentration by 23% (from 4, 75%) for ryegrass and by 16% (from 4.22%) for oats but increased cell wall content of oats from 38 to 45% and ryegrass from 36 to 41%. In vitro digestibility of oats fell from 82.4 to 79.9%, but the digestibility of ryegrass was unaffected. Cutting height had no effect on these measurements for either forage. In mixtures, ryegrass DM yield was highest (3.6 t/ha) when cut every 3 weeks and at the lowest defoliation height (5 cm) whereas cutting at 6-week intervals gave the highest yields of oats (5.2 t/ha). Legume yield was usually highest with defoliations every 3 or 4 weeks and at the lowest cutting height (5 cm), and was higher when grown with ryegrass (4.4 t/ha) than with oats (4.0 t/ha).

scholarly journals CHEMICAL MANIPULATION OF HILL COUNTRY PASTURES TO PRODUCE LEGUME DOMINANCE

1985 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
B.P. Devantier
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Clover Content

Hill country pasture was sprayed with low fates of the herbicides paraquat, sethoxydim or Dowco 453 in late November. Legume content of the pasture 6 weeks after application increased from 29 to 61%, and from 12 to 31% in January 1983 and 1984 respectively. The chemicals reduced dry matter yields by 16 and 45%, 6 weeks after treatment, but yields were not reduced in subsequent harvests. The chemicals reduced dead matter content, strongly suppressed grass seed head production, increased clover seed head density and increased in vitro digestibility. Sethoxydim at high rates 150 g/ha reduced perennial ryegrass (Lo/km perenne) content, but Dowco 453 increased perennial ryegrass and decreased browntop (Agrosfis tenuis) content. The effect of clover content and dead matter on sheep diet selection is shown and the implications of these results for management of hill country pastures in moist si;m.mers are discussed. Keywords: herbicide, paraquat, sethoxydim, Dowco 453, white clover, Trifolium repens, hill country, in vitro digestibility, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne ryegrass, Lolium perenne browntop, Agrostis tenuis.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of tifton 85 bermudagrass at two cutting heights and different times of storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2129
Author(s):  
Samantha Mariana Monteiro Sunahara ◽  
Marcela Abbado Neres ◽  
Jaqueline Rocha Wobeto Sarto ◽  
Caroline Daiane Nath ◽  
Kácia Carine Scheidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Cutting Height

The goal of this study was to assess the dehydration curve and nutritional value of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at two cutting heights from ground level (4 and 8 cm) during 120 days of storage in a closed shed. The dehydration curve was determined using samples from the entire plant at eight different times. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with plots subdivided per times and five replicates. The second step consisted of assessing the nutritional value of the stored Tifton 85 bermudagrass in randomized blocks with plots subdivided per times and two treatments per plot: cutting height of four and eight centimeters from the ground, and five different times for the subplots, with five replicates. Dehydration of Tifton 85 bermudagrass at the two heights occurred in 48 hours, considered an ideal time for hay drying. The dry matter content responded quadratically to the time of storage of the two heights, only differing during baling and after 120 days of storage. Crude protein content had a quadratic behavior in the two cutting heights, with the smallest value after 30 days of storage (107.0 g kg-1) and the largest after 90 days (147.8 g kg-1) in the cutting height of eight centimeters. The ether extract exhibited a quadratic behavior in the two cutting heights, only differing after 90 days of storage. The neutral detergent fiber content had linear positive response according to the time of storage, with no difference between the cutting heights. For the neutral detergent fiber content in the two cutting heights, the quadratic regression model was the best fit to the data, differing between the heights after 30 and 60 days of storage. In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro cell wall digestibility values of the stored hay were lower than the values obtained at the time of cutting. Cutting performed at four centimeters from the ground was the most suitable for hay production due to higher dry matter production and nutritional value without difference between bailing treatments. Hay storage caused undesirable changes in the nutritional value, especially in fiber content and in vitro digestibility.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Inokulasi Lactobacillus plantarum dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan In Vitro Silase Kulit Buah Kakao

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Muhammad Askari Zakariah ◽  
Ristianto Utomo ◽  
Zaenal Bachruddin
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Fibre Fraction

The objective of this study was to identify the effect of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixed culture inoculation into cocoa pods silage on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The four treatments were: 1 kg freshly harvested cocoa pods without inoculants as control (K); K + L. plantarum (KLp); K + S. cerevisiae (KSc); and K + L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae mixture (KLp+Sc) 0.1% dry matter, Cassava meal were added in all treatments. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, and then fermented for 21 days. Parameters observed in current study were gas test production, ruminal fermentation parameter, and in vitro digestibility. The collected data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and followed by Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test for data with significant differences. Result showed that the mixed culture Lp+Sc inoculation increased (P<0.05) chemical quality of cocoa pods by reducing fibre fraction and increase NFE contents, increased degradation rate, degradation theory, reduced rumen pH, and propionate acid production, without affecting acetate to propionate ratio, microbial protein synthesis, and digestibility of cocoa pod silage.

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME KALE-CORN COMBINATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Width

Midas marrowstem kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was grown in different row width associations with United 106 corn (Zea maize L.) in two studies and ensiled in different moisture blends with corn stover in another. Highest dry matter yields were obtained where a single row of kale was grown at 30 cm to the side of a corn row. This combination also provided the lowest moisture content feed and the highest in vitro digestibility and crude protein content. Changing the corn row width had no significant effect upon yield, plant height, in vitro digestibility, kale leaf or corn ear content. Blending kale with corn stover to provide a silage of about 70% moisture increased the digestibility and protein content of the feed and provided a silage that kept well in storage.

Sulphur and phosphorus fertilizers increase the yield of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) five-fold in native pasture on a traprock soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Clarkson ◽  
IF Swann ◽  
NP Chaplain
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
First Year ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Native Pasture

A single application of sulfur and phosphorus in the first year produced a 5-fold yield increase in barrel medic (Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong), every year for 3 years, on traprock country in southern inland Queensland. In the first year, the yield of medic increased from 400 (untreated) to 1300 kg/ha with sulfur alone (at 40 kg/ha), and to 2300 kg /ha with sulfur and phosphorus together (both at 40 kg/ha). In the second and third years, sulfur and phosphorus together increased yields from 300 to 1400 kg/ha, and from 800 to 4000 kg/ha, respectively. The experiment tested factorial combinations of sulfur and phosphorus, both at 0, 10 and 40 kg/ha, 3 sources of sulfur (gypsum, superphosphate fortified with elemental sulfur and called 'super and sulfur', and elemental sulfur) and agricultural limestone at 2500 kg/ha. Seed and fertiliser were broadcast into a native pasture at the start of the experiment. Elemental sulfur was inferior to gypsum and 'super and sulfur' in the first year, but equally effective thereafter. There was no response to lime. Fertilising with sulfur and phosphorus together increased the sulfur concentration in medic tops from 0.10 to 0.23%, the phosphorus concentration from 0.19 to 0.23%, and the nitrogen concentration from 2.12 to 2.82%. Nutrient concentrations in plant and soil were examined as an aid to diagnosing deficiencies at other sites. We concluded that adequately fertilising medic with sulfur and phosphorus can greatly improve pasture yield and quality, and allow higher stocking rates on traprock country.

Seasonal changes in the nutritive value of grass species in Spinifex pastures of Western Australia.

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Holm ◽  
RJ Allen
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exmouth Gulf

This study was undertaken to assess whether the nutritional quality of spinifex pasture lands is improved by buming to promote the growth of grasses other than spinifex. We selected two comparable sites in the Exmouth Gulf region of Western Australia; one had been bumt in late 1979 and the other had not been burnt for many years. On these sites we sampled the five grass species present, as well as Triodia pungens (soft spinifex) and Plectrachne >chinzii (Oat eared spinifex) on 10 occasions from March 1980 to April 1982. Plant parts were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur content, and in vitro digestibility. None of the common grass species tested was more nutritious or more palatable than soft spinifex. It seems that little is gained from manipulating spinifex pastures through burning if the aim is to encourage alternative grass species. There is a need however for further studies into the importance of woody herbs and forbs in the nutrition of grazing animals on spinifex country and the effect of fire on these species.

In vitro rumen gas production kinetics, hydrocyanic acid concentration and fermentation characteristics of fresh cassava root and feed block sulfur concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamonmas Dagaew ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Pin Chanjula
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Fermentation Liquor ◽  
Kinetics Of

Context Feeding ruminants with fresh cassava roots (FCR) is limited because they have a high concentration of hydrocyanic acid (HCN). Thus, it was hypothesised that receiving a feed block containing high sulfur (FBS) would reduce hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in FCR and improve rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility in animals. Aims The goal of the present work was to study the influence of the ratio of FCR to rice straw (RS) together with FBS on kinetics of gas production, HCN concentration, fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestibility, using in vitro technique. Methods The experimental design was a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design, with three replications per treatment. Factor A was the FCR to RS ratio, which was 100:0, 60:40, 40:60 or 0:100. Factor B was sulfur, which was provided as two concentrations in FBS (2% and 4% DM). Gas production was recorded after incubation, at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Fermentation liquor was collected and determined for kinetics of gas production, HCN concentration, fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestibility. Key results Cassava root to RS ratio influenced the cumulative gas production after 96 h. Inclusion of sulfur in the FBS at 4% increased the cumulative gas production, when compared with inclusion at 2%. The gas production from degradable fraction (b) and the rate of gas production (c) were significantly different among the treatments with different FCR:RS ratios, whereas there was no difference between using 2% and 4% sulfur in the FBS. The HCN concentration in fermentation liquor increased with an increasing proportion of FCR. Furthermore, inclusion of sulfur in the feed block at 4% reduced HCN concentration by 42.8%, when compared with inclusion at 2% (P &lt; 0.05). Ammonia-nitrogen concentration was significantly different among the FCR:RS-ratio treatments and was reduced when the proportion of FCR was decreased (P &lt; 0.05). In vitro digestibility was significantly increased with an increasing proportion of FCR. Increasing the proportion of FCR with 4% of sulfur in the FBS significantly increased in vitro DM digestibility, compared with 2% sulfur. Increasing the FCR:RS ratio with 4% of sulfur in the FBS increased the proportion of propionic acid (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Using a high FCR:RS ratio (100:0 or 60:40) with 4% sulfur in the FBS enhanced kinetics of gas production, propionic molar proportion, nutrient digestibility, and HCN detoxification by rumen microbes in an in vitro trial. Implications An in vivo study should be encouraged to verify the results and obtain more data.

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