Effects of mechanical treatment of whole canola seeds on performance, diet digestibility and rumen parameters of lambs fed grass silage

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Huard ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
R. Rioux
Keyword(s):  
Canola Oil ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Thirty-three lambs (25.2 ± 2.7 kg body weight) were used to determine if mechanical treatment of canola seed could improve the performance of growing lambs and diet digestibility. All lambs received a basal diet of 179 g d−1 of a 16% crude protein (CP) commercial concentrate and grass silage fed ad libitum. The basal diet was supplemented with the following dietary treatments (dry matter basis): C, a control supplement supplying 182 g of a mixture of 66% canola meal and 34% canola oil; WCS, 187 g of whole canola seeds; RCS, 188 g of rolled canola seeds; and GCS, 189 g of ground canola seeds. Dry matter intake was similar for all diets. Average daily gain (ADG) was 20% lower (P < 0.001) for lambs fed whole or crushed canola seeds than for those fed the C diet. Lambs fed GCS had intermediate ADG between those fed C and those fed WCS and RCS diets. In general, apparent digestibility of C was higher (P < 0.01) than that of WCS and RCS and digestibility of GCS was intermediate. Rumen pH and molar proportions of individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) were not affected by treatments. Rumen ammonia-N concentration was similar among treatments. Utilization of whole canola seeds as a protein and energy supplement to grass silage resulted in lower performance of lambs compared to that obtained with a mixture of canola meal and canola oil. Key words: Canola seeds, silage, lamb growth

Effects of mechanical treatment of whole canola seeds on carcass composition and blood lipids of lambs fed grass silage

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Huard ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
M. H. Fahmy ◽  
R. Rioux
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Grass Silage

Thirty-three lambs (25.2 ± 2.7 kg BW) were used to study if mechanical treatment of canola seeds can exert an effect on carcass quality, blood lipids, and fatty acid profile of depot fat. All lambs received a basal diet of 179 g d−1 of a 16% CP commercial concentrate and grass silage fed ad libitum. The basal diet was supplemented with the following dietary treatments (dry matter basis): C, a control supplement supplying 182 g of a mixture of 66% canola meal and 34% canola oil; WCS, 187 g of whole canola seeds; RCS, 188 g of rolled canola seeds; and GCS, 189 g of ground canola seeds. Dressing percentage was higher (P < 0.05) for diet C (45.6%) than for WCS (42.5%) and RCS (41.9%). The highest and lowest carcass grades were obtained with diets C and RCS, respectively (P < 0.05). Blood lipid concentrations increased as the lambs grew older (P < 0.01). Lambs fed the GCS diet had lower plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol than lambs fed the WCS or RCS diets (P < 0.05). Kidney fat of lambs on the C diet contained more trans -C18:1 and less C18:0 compared with the other diets (P < 0.01). The utilization of untreated or rolled canola seeds as protein and fat supplements decreased carcass quality, increased blood triglycerides and changed fatty acid composition of depot fat. Key words: Canola seeds, lambs, carcass composition, blood lipid

scholarly journals A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of the third-cut grass silage compared with the first- and second-cut silages on intake, performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment comprised 45 Simmental bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The three dietary treatments included either first-, second- or third-cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter), rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Dry matter and energy intakes and growth rates of the bulls increased when either first- or third-cut silages were used instead of the second-cut silage. This was probably due to differences in digestibility, which was the lowest in the second-cut silage. There were no differences in intake or growth between the first- and third-cut silage-based rations. No significant differences in carcass traits among the feeding treatments were observed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Feeding Liquid or Dry Creep Feed on Growth Performance, Feed Disappearance, Enzyme Activity and Number of Eaters in Suckling Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3144
Author(s):  
Nanna Byrgesen ◽  
Johannes Gulmann Madsen ◽  
Christina Larsen ◽  
Niels Jørgen Kjeldsen ◽  
Malene Skovsted Cilieborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two dietary treatments (liquid creep feed (LCF) and dry creep feed (DCF)) offered during the suckling period on feed disappearance, number of eaters, and intestinal enzymatic development at weaning in an on-farm study with 347 piglets. Piglets were allocated to either the DCF or LCF treatment from day 10 to day 24 postpartum for 9 h a day. Red ferric oxide (1%) was added to the diet to categorize piglets into eating categories (good eaters, moderate eaters, or non-eaters) via faecal swabs. At weaning, 40 piglets were sampled for intestinal enzymatic development. The LCF treatment increased the dry matter disappearance from day 10–18 (p < 0.001). The percentage of good eaters, moderate eaters and non-eaters did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05). The DCF pigs displayed greater average daily gain (ADG) pre-weaning (p = 0.024), and a greater body weight (BW) at day 61 (p < 0.001). The activity of lactase, maltase and sucrase in the proximal part of the small intestine were greatest (p < 0.001) in the DCF pigs.

Effects of nucleotide supplementation to corn–soybean meal-based diet on growth performance, fecal microflora, and blood profiles of sows and performance of suckling piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jiao ◽  
S.D. Upadhaya ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Fecal Microflora ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Piglet Survival ◽  
Blood Profiles

A total of 45 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) and their litters were used in this study to evaluate the efficacy of nucleotide supplementation on reproductive performance, growth performance, fecal microflora, and blood profiles in sows and piglets. Sows were allocated to one of three treatments (15 pigs per treatment and the average parity was 4.13). Dietary treatments consisted of (1) CON: basal diet, (2) T1: CON + 0.5% nucleotides, and (3) T2: CON + 1.0% nucleotides. In this study, the average daily feed intake during lactation and back fat at weaning day was increased linearly (P < 0.05) in sows with the increase in nucleotide supplementation levels. Sows receiving increasing levels of nucleotides had linearly increased fecal Lactobacillus counts and decreased Escherichia coli counts at weaning day (P < 0.05). Linear reduction of the epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in sows was observed at weaning day, whereas superoxide dismutase was increased linearly (P < 0.05). Body weight and average daily gain in piglets were linearly (P < 0.05) increased with the increasing levels of nucleotides. Linear increase (P < 0.05) was also observed on total piglets born, live piglets, and piglet survival. The current study demonstrated the importance of nucleotides in the diets of sows to improve sow and piglet performance.

ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORNCOB DIETS FOR SHEEP: COMPARISON WITH HIGHER VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, SOYBEAN PROTEIN AND ALFALFA FIBER ON INTAKE, ENVIRONMENT AND DIGESTION IN THE RUMEN AND DIGESTA PASSAGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. NDLOVU ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Nine lambs fitted with rumen cannulae were used in two 5 × 5 Latin squares to measure the effect of alfalfa hay, C4- and C5-branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids (C4/C5 VFAs), cell wall from alfalfa hay (ALFCW) and a soybean protein preparation on intake and rumen digestion of a basal corncob diet with urea included at 30 g kg−1. Relative to the control, alfalfa hay decreased (P < 0.05) intake of the basal diet but increased (P < 0.05) total dry matter intake. ALFCW and soybean protein did not affect intake of the basal diet and total dry matter (P > 0.05). C4/C5 VFAs increased intake of basal diet by sheep in one square (P < 0.05) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on intake with sheep in the other square. Alfalfa hay, ALFCW and soybean protein increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration in rumen fluid while only alfalfa hay and C4/C5 VFAs consistently increased isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels in rumen fluid (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control diet, soybean protein elevated (P < 0.05) mean rumen ammonia-N levels whereas C4/C5 VFAs depressed them; however, values exceeded 17 mg dL−1 rumen fluid on all treatments. Most measures of digestion kinetics of fiber from corncobs were unaffected by supplementation (P > 0.05). Alfalfa hay and ALFCW increased (P < 0.05) rate of passage of digesta from the reticulo-rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa hay has a reduced role in improving intake of corncob diets when there is also sufficient NPN in the diet. Key words: Roughage (poor quality), volatile fatty acids, rumen ammonia levels, chromium-mordanted cell walls

Effect of flavor supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and carcass quality in growing–finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Xiang Ao ◽  
Yan Lei ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Blood Profiles

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of different flavors (apple and anise) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and carcass quality in growing–finishing pigs. A total of 96 growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 28.2 ± 0.7 kg were randomly assigned to one of the following three treatments: (1) CON, basal diet; (2) APF, basal diet + 0.05% apple flavor; (3) ANF, basal diet + 0.05% anise flavor, according to their BW and sex in this 15 wk experiment. There were eight replications (pens) per treatment and four pigs per pen (two barrows and two gilts). During week 0–5, pigs fed ANF diets had greater (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake than those fed CON and APF diets. Dietary ANF treatment increased (p < 0.05) ADG during 0–15 wk compared with CON treatment. At the end of 5 wk, the apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen in ANF treatment was improved (p < 0.05) compared with that in CON treatment. Dietary treatments did not affect the studied traits of carcass and meat quality. The inclusion of anise flavor increased ADG, but apple flavor had no effect on growth performance in growing–finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of different levels of dietary supplemental caprylic acid and vitamin E on performance, breast muscle vitamin E and A, and oxidative stability in broilers

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Skřivan ◽  
G. Dlouhá ◽  
M. Englmaierová ◽  
K. Červinková
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The paper reports data from four experiments (EXP). Broiler cockerels Ross 308 were allocated to 3 or 5 (EXP 4) dietary treatments comprising 300 (3 replicated pens of 100 chicks per pen), 50, 50&nbsp;or 100&nbsp;chickens. The EXP lasted 42, 38, 42 and 38 days. All basal diets contained adequate ingredients. The inclusion of 0.5% caprylic acid (CA) in diets reduced (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.05) body weight (EXP 1). The results of EXP 3 and 4 indicated that the diet supplemented with 0.25% CA and 30 mg vitamin E (total vitamin E concentration 50&nbsp;mg) resulted in similar BW like the basal diet, but the increased supplemental vitamin E to 150 mg (EXP 3) or to 100 mg (EXP 4) decreased (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.05 and <I>P </I>&lt; 0.001) BW and increased mortality. No differences were found between the fat and crude protein contents in dry matter of breast meat. Higher vitamin E doses in feed mixture significantly (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.001) increased the content of vitamins soluble in fats in breast meat – vitamin E (from 28.54 in the control to 80.28&nbsp;mg/kg of dry matter) and vitamin A (from 0.34 to 0.44 mg/kg of dry matter). The&nbsp;addition of caprylic acid significantly decreased the speed of lipid oxidation measured after 3&nbsp;(<I>P </I>&lt; 0.02) and 5 (<I>P </I>&lt; 0.05) days of storage in refrigerator at a temperature from 2.5 to 4°C. On the contrary, higher vitamin E doses and basal diet without CA supplement increased the oxidation of lipids.

Apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance in Tibetan and fine-wool sheep offered forage-concentrate diets differing in nitrogen concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. ZHOU ◽  
J. D. MI ◽  
A. A. DEGEN ◽  
X. S. GUO ◽  
H. C. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

SUMMARYA comparative study of the effect of dietary nitrogen (N) content [Low: 11·0; Medium-Low (MLow): 16·7; Medium-High (Mhigh): 23·1; High: 29·2 N g/kg dry matter (DM)] on apparent digestibilities, rumen fermentation and N balance was conducted in coarse wool Tibetan sheep and Gansu Alpine fine-wool sheep at Wushaoling in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was hypothesized that responses would differ between breeds and that responses would favour Tibetan over fine-wool sheep at low N intakes. Eight wethers [four Tibetan sheep and four fine-wool sheep, 20–24 months old; body weight ± standard deviation was 52 ± 3·2 kg] were used in two concurrent 4 × 4 Latin square designs. Dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibilities were higher in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep when fed the Low, MLow and High N diets while N retention was higher when the animals were fed the Low and MLow N diets. Tibetan sheep had a higher rumen pH than fine-wool sheep; however, total volatile fatty acids were similar between breeds. Molar proportions of acetate were higher but propionate and butyrate lower in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep. In addition, Tibetan sheep had higher concentrations of ruminal free amino acid-N and soluble protein-N than fine-wool sheep. Plasma and saliva urea-N concentrations were higher in Tibetan than fine-wool sheep when supplied with the Low N diet. It was concluded that Tibetan sheep were better able to cope with low N feed than fine-wool sheep because of the higher N retention and higher DM and fibre digestibilities with Low and MLow diets.

scholarly journals THE PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY AND FEEDLOT CATTLE FED SULFUR DIOXIDE-TREATED HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. GIBSON ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
G. W. MATHISON
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of feeding sulfur dioxide (SO2)-treated high-moisture barley (HMB) on the performance of lactating dairy cows and feedlot cattle. High-moisture barley was ensiled or treated with 1% (wt/wt) liquid SO2. In exp. 1, 36 lactating Holstein cows were assigned to three treatments for a 6-wk trial. Diets contained 35% rolled barley on a dry matter (DM) basis and differed only in the type of barley fed: dry barley, ensiled HMB or SO2-treated HMB. While no differences (P > 0.05) were observed in DM intake, milk yield, milk composition, milk taste or odour, cows fed SO2-treated HMB tended to have lower milk yield (21.7 kg d−1) than those fed ensiled (22.6 kg d−1) or dry barley (24.6 kg d−1). In experiment 2, 64 steers were allotted to four dietary treatments: (1) dry barley, (2) ensiled HMB, (3) SO2-treated HMB, and (4) SO2-treated HMB plus sodium bicarbonate. All diets contained 85% barley (DM) and were supplemented with thiamin (5.5 mg kg−1 DM). The results of the feedlot trial were confounded by the feeding of spoiled SO2-treated HMB, primarily between days 29 and 57 of the 96-d trial, at approximately 40% of the diet DM. During the period that spoiled SO2-treated grain was being fed, four steers (two from each treatment) developed polioencephalomalacia. Steers fed SO2-treated HMB (diets 3 and 4), had 10.1% lower DM intake (P < 0.01), 31% lower average daily gain and required 32% more DM per kilogram of gain than steers fed diets 1 or 2 (P < 0.001). Feeding SO2-treated HMB to either dairy or feedlot cattle cannot be recommended at the present time. Key words: Sulfur dioxide, preservative, barley, cattle (dairy, beef)

Barley- versus protein-supplemented corn-based diets for feedlot cattle evaluated using the NRC and CNCPS beef models

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Koenig ◽  
Karen A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Versus Protein ◽  
Degradable Intake Protein ◽  
Animal Performances

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing a corn-based finishing diet [10.0% crude protein (CP), 6.2% degradable intake protein (DIP), dry matter basis, no protein supplementation] with DIP in the form of urea (13.0% CP, 9.1% DIP) or canola meal and urea (12.8% CP, 8.6% DIP) on dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG). Animal performances were compared with those obtained by feeding a barley-based diet (13.9% CP, 9.6% DIP). Crossbred beef steers (398 ± 28 kg) were allocated to 24 pens and six pens were assigned to each diet. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in DMI and ADG between cattle fed the barley diet and those fed the corn diets supplemented to provide a concentration of DIP similar to that supplied by the barley diet. However, ADG was 10% lower and DMI was 8% lower for cattle fed the corn diet with no protein supplementation (P < 0.05). The NRC and CNCPS models predicted the substantially lower gain of cattle fed the corn diet with no protein supplementation, but underestimated the improvement in performance when the corn diet was supplemented with urea or canola meal and urea to supply the requirement for DIP. Key words: Feedlot cattle, protein, corn, barley, growth, models

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