Effects of barley cultivar on energy and nitrogen metabolism of lambs

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Ovenell-Roy ◽  
M. L. Nelson ◽  
H. H. Westburg ◽  
J. A. Froseth
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Major Factors

The aim of this research was to compare energy values, nitrogen metabolism and diet digestibility of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars grown in two different years, to identify the most important factors affecting variation. Six wether lambs (39.4 ± 1.6 kg) were assigned within period in a randomized complete block design to barley cultivar (1990 Camelot, 1990 Cougbar, 1990 Steptoe, 1991 Boyer, 1991 Camelot and 1991 Steptoe) and consumed a diet of 83% barley, 10% alfalfa pellets and 7% supplement on a DM basis. During each 14-d period, feed, orts, fecal and urine samples were collected during the last 7 d and methane emissions were quantified. Digestibility of NDF polymeric monosaccharides was lower (P < 0.10) for weathers fed 1990 Steptoe than all cultivars other than 1991 Boyer and was positively correlated to methane production (r = 0.52). Barley DE was not different among cultivars but, because methane production was greater (P < 0.10) for lambs fed 1991 Boyer (38 L d−1) than for those fed 1990 Steptoe (21 L d−1) and 1990 Camelot (26 L d−1), barley ME content of 1991 Boyer (12.3 MJ kg−1 OM) was lower (P < 0.10) than for 1990 Steptoe (13.4 MJ kg−1 OM). Nitrogen digestibility in lambs fed Camelot grown both years was greater (P < 0.05) than for most cultivars. Absorbed nitrogen was greatest (P < 0.10) in lambs fed 1991 Camelot and nitrogen retention (g d−1) tended to be greater than 1990 Cougbar (P = 0.14) and 1990 Camelot (P = 0.16) fed lambs. Cougbar, Boyer and 1991 Steptoe had lower feeding quality for ruminants because of lower energy and/or nitrogen metabolism, while both years of Camelot and 1990 Steptoe had greater ME values. Methane production, digestibility of NDF polymeric monosaccharides and nitrogen metabolism were major factors contributing to variability among barley cultivars within and between years. Key words: Barley, lambs, methane, metabolizable energy

DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE OF TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS TO METRIBUZIN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. CALDWELL ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Dark Regime

In greenhouse and growth cabinet studies, two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Klondike’ and ’Summit’) were found to differ in their tolerance to postemergence applications of metribuzin. Klondike was more susceptible than Summit, although both displayed varying amounts of injury depending on environmental conditions. Klondike was most susceptible following herbicide application at the three-leaf stage; when soil was moist at application; and when application was followed by a period of cold (0 °C). For both cultivars, high relative humidity and increasing duration of a dark period following spraying increased the injury from metribuzin. Increasing the duration of a light period following spraying had the opposite effect. The magnitude of the light/dark regime response was greater for Klondike than for Summit.Key words: Barley cultivar tolerance, metribuzin, environmental factors

scholarly journals Physiologic Quality and Biochemical Characters of Barley Seeds Produced Under Nitrogen Doses and Growing Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Lanes B. A. Jaques ◽  
Ivan R. Carvalho ◽  
Vinícius J. Szareski ◽  
Henrique E. Rodrigues ◽  
Ítala T. P. Dubal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is considered one of the most important cereals, such as maize, rice and wheat, due to its multiplicity of usage, as much for human consumption as for feed. The Nitrogen is one of the main nutrients that influences the quality and productivity of barley seeds because it participates in numerous metabolic routes. It is a limiting factor of the production, the lack or the excess can bring consequence to the culture. In this manner, the present study aims to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen doses on the physiologic quality and biochemical characters of brewing barley seeds produced in two growing environments. The experiment was conducted in the 2017 crop season, in a randomized block design, organized in a factorial scheme, being 2 cultivation environment &times; 2 brewing barley cultivars &times; 4 nitrogen doses, disposed in four replicates. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by germination, first counting of germination, accelerated aging, field emergence, shoot and root length, dry mass of shoot and root of seedlings, electrical conductivity (3, 6 and 24 hours) and isoenzymes. The growing environment promotes differences in the barley seeds physiologic quality. The nitrogen fertilizing, at dose of 120 kg ha-1, results in superiority in the physiologic quality of seeds. The cultivar BRS Cau&ecirc; in both environments presented higher vigor. The nitrogen fertilizing alters the isoenzymatic expression of barley seedlings, creating variation in the bands intensity, at different nitrogen doses.

Mixture performance of phenotypically contrasting barley cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. C. Essah ◽  
N. C. Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Spike Number

There is lack of information on the yield and yield component performance of same-row and alternate-row mixtures (SRM and ARM) of widely contrasting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) phenotypes. Therefore, four phenotypically contrasting spring barley cultivars, each selected to represent a unique combination of spike type (two-row or six-row), height (short or tall) and days to maturity (early or late) were used in 1991 and 1992 in field experiments at the Elora Research Station in Ontario, Canada, with the objective of determining whether a yield and/or yield-component advantage could be associated with same-row or alternate-row mixtures of barley cultivars. The four cultivars chosen for the study were each grown as monocrops, and in all six possible binary (two-cultivar) mixture combinations as same-row or alternate-row mixtures, in a randomized complete block design. A 13% yield increase of early, short:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent (weighted mean of the components grown in monocrop) yield in 1991, and 14% yield increase of early, tall:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent yield in 1992 was observed. Between the 2 yr, cultivars in ARM produced similar or significantly greater yields than the monocrop yields, except in 1991, when the late, short cultivar in ARM with early, tall cultivar produced significantly lower yields than in monocrop. The spike number m–2 was similar for all mixtures and their midcomponents, except in 1992, when early, short:late, short in ARM produced 7.0% more spikes than the midcomponent. The results of this study indicate a possible yield advantage of phenotypically contrasting barley mixtures compared to monocrops, with early, short:late, tall and early, tall:late, tall in same-row mixtures having the best combining abilities. Key words: Barley, phenotypes; mixture, same row; mixture, alternate-row; maturity; height

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of diets with different concentrations of lysine and energy in piglets with different body weights and post-weaning age

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1784-1790
Author(s):  
Messias Alves da Trindade Neto ◽  
Daniel Gonçalves Bruno ◽  
Dirlei Antonio Berto ◽  
Michael Undi ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Schammass
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Energetic Balance ◽  
Four Levels

The effects of body weight or age and dietary digestible lysine and metabolizable energy on apparent digestibility of energy and dry matter were evaluated in piglets after weaning. The animals were weaned at 21 days of age and distributed in two groups: 8.68 ± 0.76 kg at 28 days of age (weaned 7 days earlier); and 12.73 ± 0.99 kg at 35 days of age (weaned 14 days earlier). The pigs were allotted in digestibility cages in a completely randomized block design with the following factorial arrangements: 2 × 4 composed of two weight categories and four levels of digestible lysine (1.222; 1.305; 1.390 and 1.497%); and 2 × 3 composed of two weight categories and three levels of metabolizable energy (3,510; 3,700 and 3,830 kcal/kg rations). Digestible lysine was evaluated in six replications and metabolizable energy in eight replications and each animal constituted an experimental unit. Piglets with higher body weight and age were more efficient in nitrogen retention and energetic balance, compared to lighter and younger piglets, particularly those given lower concentration of lysine in the diet. The energy increase favored nitrogen retention by the heavier and older piglets. However, coefficients of dry matter and energy apparent digestibility did not differ among weight categories. Older and heavier piglets were more efficient in nitrogen retention, although this efficacy depended on concentration of the energy in the diet. This better use of protein and energy suggest differences on nutritional requirements.

scholarly journals Genetic patterns of breeding upon creation of the first Ukrainian waxy barley cultivar Shedevr

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
M. R. Kozachenko ◽  
A. G. Naumov ◽  
N. I. Vasko ◽  
P. N. Solonechnyi ◽  
O. V. Solonechna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Genetic Patterns

Aim. The study’s purpose was to establish genetic patterns of waxy barley breeding on the basis of determination of genetic and breeding characteristics of accessions with different fractional composition of starch during 10/11-year cycles of the breeding process upon creation of waxy barley cultivars. Methods. Analysis of variance, calculus of variations, correlation analysis, genetic and breeding methods were used to investigate peculiarities of genotypes in topcross, diallel and pair-crossing designs. Results. The important scientific problem concerning establishment of genetic patterns of waxy spring barley breeding was solved. We determined morpho-biological features, variability, correlations and genetic peculiarities of inheritance, heritability, genetic variation and combining ability for quantitative traits of plants as well as for amylopectin content in starch of F1 hybrids derived from forms with different fractional composition of starch. As a result of establishing the patterns, the effectiveness of creation of valuable lines and waxy barley cultivar Shedevr with amylopectin starch was demonstrated. Conclusions. The morpho-biological, breeding and genetic peculiarities of plant traits with different fractional composition of starch were determined. On this basis, the genetic patterns of waxy barley breeding were established, and the first Ukrainian waxy barley cultivar Shedevr (with amylopectin starch) was created. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., accession, cultivar, amylopectin starch, genetic peculiarities.

scholarly journals In vitro Fermentation Profile and Methane Production of Kikuyu Grass Harvested at Different Sward Heights

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Marín ◽  
Jérôme Bindelle ◽  
Ángel S. Zubieta ◽  
Guillermo Correa ◽  
Jacobo Arango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

Highly digestible forages are associated with an in vitro low-methane (CH4) rumen fermentation profile and thus the possibility of reducing CH4 emissions from forage-based systems. We aimed to assess the in vitro ruminal fermentation profile, including CH4 production, of the top stratum of Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus - Hochst. ex Chiov) harvested at different sward heights (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm). Herbage samples (incubating substrate) were analyzed for their chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and morphological components. In vitro incubations were performed under a randomized complete block design with four independent runs of each treatment. Gas production (GP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), CH4 production, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and their acetate, propionate, and butyrate proportions were measured following 24 and 48 h of incubation. Herbage samples had similar contents of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and crude protein for all treatments. However, a higher acid detergent fiber (ADF) content in taller sward heights than in smaller sward heights and a tendency for metabolizable energy (ME) and IVOMD to decrease as sward height increased were found. Similarly, the stem + sheath mass tended to increase with increasing sward height. Amongst the nutrients, ME (r = −0.65) and IVDMD (r = −0.64) were negatively correlated with sward height (p &lt; 0.001) and ADF was positively correlated with sward height (r = 0.73, p &lt; 0.001). Both the GP and IVDMD were negatively related to the sward height at both incubation times. Sward heights of Kikuyu grass below 30 cm display an in vitro profile of VFAs high in propionate and low in acetate, with a trend toward lower methane production of CH4 per unit of IVDMD. These findings are important to aid decision-making on the optimal sward height of Kikuyu grass and manage animal grazing with the opportunity to reduce CH4 production.

scholarly journals The Impact of Genotype and Age on Energy and Protein Utilization in Individually Housed Brown Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Frederik J. Kleyn ◽  
Peter Vincent Chrystal ◽  
Mariana Ciacciariello
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Impact

Responses to dietary energy and protein levels were compared between two egg-laying genotypes. Individually housed hens of a historic strain (HS) and a modern strain (MS) were compared. In Experiment 1 (Exp.1), four levels of true metabolizable energy, corrected for zero nitrogen retention (TMEn) and four levels of total lysine, were offered from 30 to 40 weeks of age. In Experiment 2 (Exp.2), three levels of apparent metabolizable energy, corrected for zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) and four levels of standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys), were fed from 20 to 30 weeks of age. A randomized factorial block design (4 × 4 Exp.1 and 3 × 4 Exp.2) was applied. Energy utilization for egg output (EO) did not differ (NS), and both strains maintained a constant kJ intake (NS). The efficiency of SID Lys utilization for EO differed, with the MS being the more efficient (p < 0.034). A single model could be used to predict feed intake, using BW, EO, AMEn and SID Lys (r = 0.716). In conclusion, it is unlikely that the requirements of modern layer strains have increased. However, feeding programs should be adjusted for economic reasons and are dependent upon achievable feed intake under particular circumstances.

The effect of β-glucanase supplementation on the apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibilities of different barley cultivars for young broiler chickens

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 159-159
Author(s):  
H. Nassiri Moghaddam ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
M. D. Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Production ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Enzyme Application

Despite of high production of barley in Iran, its use in poultry diets is limited due to low energy content and problems such as sticky droppings. Barley cultivars have different nutritive value for broilers (Villamide, et al., 1997) and enzyme application may affect barley cultivar based diets differently. β-glucanase supplementation of barley based diets can eliminate β-glucan, the main anti-nutritional factor of barley, and improve nutrient digestibilities and apparent metabolizable energy. The objective of this trial is to study the β-glucanase effect on nutrient digestibilities and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of different barley cultivar based diets.

Variation in chemical composition and nutritional quality among barley cultivars for ruminants. 1. Steer finishing performance, diet digestibilities and carcass characteristics

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Ovenell-Roy ◽  
M. L. Nelson ◽  
J. A. Froseth ◽  
S. M. Parish ◽  
E. L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Head Morphology

Inherent variability in chemical composition and nutritional value exists among barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars due to year grown, head morphology, growth habit and intended end use. Two trials were conducted to identify causal factors for variability among barley cultivars in animal performance, carcass characteristics, diet digestibility and digestible energy (DE) content. In feedlot trials, 144 large-frame beef steers (380 ± 1.6 kg in Trial 1, 372 ± 0.8 kg in Trial 2) were assigned within three weight blocks, eight to a pen, in a randomized complete block design and pens to treatments. Steers were fed a diet of 83% steam-rolled barley (Andre, Camelot, Clark, Cougbar, Harrington or Steptoe for 123 d in Trial 1; Boyer, Camelot, Clark, Harrington, Hesk or Steptoe for 119 d in Trial 2), 10% silage (wheat in Trial 1, oat in Trial 2), and 7% supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. In Trial 1, Cougbar neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was significantly lower than Clark. Digestibility of other nutrients tended to be lowest for steers fed Cougbar and as a result, diet DE was lower (P < 0.05) for Cougbar than for Clark and Camelot. Diet DE and NDF digestibility were correlated (r = 0.69; P < 0.0001). Lower nutrient utilization by steers fed Cougbar resulted in lower performance. In Trial 2, steers fed Hesk had a poorer (P < 0.05) ratio of feed to gain than steers fed Camelot and Harrington and lower (P < 0.05) digestibility than steers fed Steptoe. In summary, data from these trials suggest that Cougbar and Steptoe are of lower nutritional value than other cultivars under the conditions of these studies. In these studies, digestibility of NDF was a major factor contributing to differences among cultivars. Key words: Barley, steers, digestibility, energy

Variation in chemical composition and nutritional quality among barley cultivars for ruminants. 2. Digestion, ruminal characteristics and in situ disappearance kinetics

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Ovenell-Roy ◽  
M. L. Nelson ◽  
J. A. Froseth ◽  
S. M. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Disappearance Kinetics

Two trials were conducted to compare the effects of feeding six different barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars on diet digestibility, DE content, and ruminal fermentation characteristics. In Trial 1, four steers (455 ± 1.6 kg) were used in a partially balanced incomplete block design and consumed a diet of 83% barley (Andre, Camelot, Clark, Cougbar, Harrington or Steptoe), 10% bromegrass hay and 7% supplement. Organic matter intake was lower (P < 0.10) for steers fed Clark, and in situ rate of disappearance of Steptoe was slower (P < 0.10) than other barleys. Acetate to propionate ratio was lower (P < 0.10) in ruminal fluid of steers fed Camelot than in that of those fed Andre, NDF digestibility was lower (54.7 vs. 69.2%), and digestion of NDF polymeric monosaccarides was lower (P < 0.10) for Camelot than for Andre. Scanning electron micrographs supported differences observed in chemical composition and in situ disappearance kinetics. In Trial 2, six steers (512 ± 1.8 kg) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square design and consumed a diet of 83% barley (Boyer, Camelot, Clark, Harrington, Hesk or Steptoe), 10% bromegrass hay and 7% supplement. Steers fed Camelot had greater (P < 0.10) total tract NDF digestibility than steers fed Hesk and Steptoe. Total polymeric monosaccharide digestion was lower (P < 0.10) for Boyer (62.9%) than for any of the other cultivars (73.5%, average) except Hesk. In these two trials, NDF and NDF polymeric monosaccharide digestibilities were the major factors contributing to variability among barley cultivars in nutritional quality for ruminants. Key words: Barley, steers, digestibility, energy

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