scholarly journals Genetic patterns of breeding upon creation of the first Ukrainian waxy barley cultivar Shedevr

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
M. R. Kozachenko ◽  
A. G. Naumov ◽  
N. I. Vasko ◽  
P. N. Solonechnyi ◽  
O. V. Solonechna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Genetic Patterns

Aim. The study’s purpose was to establish genetic patterns of waxy barley breeding on the basis of determination of genetic and breeding characteristics of accessions with different fractional composition of starch during 10/11-year cycles of the breeding process upon creation of waxy barley cultivars. Methods. Analysis of variance, calculus of variations, correlation analysis, genetic and breeding methods were used to investigate peculiarities of genotypes in topcross, diallel and pair-crossing designs. Results. The important scientific problem concerning establishment of genetic patterns of waxy spring barley breeding was solved. We determined morpho-biological features, variability, correlations and genetic peculiarities of inheritance, heritability, genetic variation and combining ability for quantitative traits of plants as well as for amylopectin content in starch of F1 hybrids derived from forms with different fractional composition of starch. As a result of establishing the patterns, the effectiveness of creation of valuable lines and waxy barley cultivar Shedevr with amylopectin starch was demonstrated. Conclusions. The morpho-biological, breeding and genetic peculiarities of plant traits with different fractional composition of starch were determined. On this basis, the genetic patterns of waxy barley breeding were established, and the first Ukrainian waxy barley cultivar Shedevr (with amylopectin starch) was created. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., accession, cultivar, amylopectin starch, genetic peculiarities.

scholarly journals Breeding and genetic patterns in trait expression and efficiency of creation of spring barley cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kozachenko ◽  
N. I. Vasko ◽  
O. H. Naumov ◽  
P. M. Solonechnyi ◽  
O. V. Solonechna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
State Register ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
The Creation

Aim. Solutions of scientific problems of increasing the efficiency of genetic breeding methods are important objectives in the creation of valuable spring barley cultivars. Methods. Analyses of variance, variation, correlation and regression as well as genetic methods of analyzing features of genotypes in the diallel crossing and top-crossing design were used. Results. The important scientific problems with regard to increasing the efficiency of breeding for yield capacity, brewing quality and starch fraction composition were solved by establishing morphological and biological characteristics, dispersion, correlation, variability, adaptability, breeding and genetic peculiarities of inheritance, heritability, components of genetic variation, combining ability of plant traits as well as the effectiveness of hybridization and mutagenesis methods. As a result of the patterns established, the efficiency of the creation of economically valuable spring barley cultivars was increased. Conclusions. The new solutions of important scientific problems of raising the efficiency of breeding for yield capacity and grain quality were proposed and generalized. On this basis, valuable cultivars were created. As of 2017, 17 of them have been were included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for dissemination inUkraine. Keywords: breeding-genetic patterns, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar, breeding method, yield capacity and grain quality.

Yield and quality of forage from intercrops of barley and annual ryegrass

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
South Central

Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and four annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) types were intercropped to evaluate the potential yield and quality of forage which can be produced under irrigation in southern interior B.C. All treatments were intercrops; when barley cultivar effects are described they are averaged over the ryegrasses and vice versa. Barley cultivars differed in grain maturity. Ryegrass cultivars included diploid and tertraploid Italian and Westerwolds types. Intercrops including late grain maturing barley cultivars (Samson and Virden) increased the yield of the first silage cut (both by 25% over 2 yr) compared to Diamond, a medium-maturing cultivar adapted to the area. Intercrops containing the semi-dwarf barley, Samson, produced more digestible forage including higher in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and lower ADF and lignin. Annual ryegrass yield in the first cut intercropped with Samson was almost twice that with either Diamond or Virden, showing that Samson barley is less competitive. Second-cut yield (ryegrass regrowth) was greater for tetraploid than diploid annual ryegrasses. Yields of fall pasture (cuts 3 and 4) were similar among ryegrass cultivars. Cuts 2 and 3 (ryegrass only) of Italian ryegrasses had superior quality (higher IVDDM and protein; and lower ADF, lignin, and NDF) to Westerwolds ryegrassses, but all cultivars had similar quality in the late fall (Cut 4). It was concluded that a range of barley and annual ryegrass cultivars can be successfully intercropped to produce forage in south central B.C.Key words: Intercropping, barley annual ryegrass, forage yield and quality

A reappraisal of stem reserve contribution to grain yield in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Daniels ◽  
M. B. Alcock ◽  
D. H. Scarisbrick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stem Reserves

SUMMARYPre-anthesis stem reserve contribution to grain yield was assessed in two spring barley cultivars of contrasting height. It was greatest in the taller, but final grain yields were similar. Partitioning of total reserve capacity to various plant parts showed that the leaf and sheath below the peduncle were most important, followed by stem internodes which had increasing reserve capacity up to internode 4.It is suggested that stem reserves are valuable for yields commonly achieved in U.K. commercial practice.High grain yields were associated with large positive increases in stem dry weight after anthesis. This would indicate that the source capacity to boost yield is more than proportional to that required to fill the grain alone.

scholarly journals Assessment of ecological stability in yield for breeding of spring barley cultivars with increased adaptive potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
V. M. Hudzenko ◽  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
V. P. Kavunets ◽  
L. M. Kachan ◽  
V. A. Ishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones

Increasing crop adaptability in terms of ensuring a stable level of productivity in the genotype – environment interaction is still the central problem of plant breeding theory and practice. The aim of the present study is to theoretically substantiate and practically test a scheme of multi-environment trials, as well as interpret experimental data using modern statistical tools for evaluation of the genotype by environment interaction, and highlight the best genotypes with combining yield performance and ecological stability at the final stage of the spring barley breeding process. For this purpose in the first year of competitive testing (2016) at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine we selected nine promising spring barley breeding lines. In 2017 and 2018 these breeding lines were additionally tested in two other scientific institutions located in different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine. For a more reliable assessment, the breeding lines were compared not only with standard cultivar, but also with ten spring barley cultivars widespread in agricultural production of Ukraine. Thus, for three years of competitive testing, we received experimental genotype-environmental data from seven environments, which represent a combination of contrasting agroclimatic zones (Central part of the Forest-Steppe, Polissia and Northern Steppe of Ukraine) and different years (2016–2018). Our results revealed significant variability of mean yield of genotypes, as well as cross-over genotype by environment interaction. The first two principal components of both AMMI and GGE biplot explained more than 80% of the genotype by environment interaction. In general, the peculiarities we revealed indicate the effectiveness of the proposed combination of spatial (agroclimatic zones) and temporal (years) gradients to identify the best spring barley genotypes with the optimal combination of yield performance and ecological stability. Using AMMI and GGE biplot models was effective for the comprehensive differentiation of genotypes in terms of wide and specific adaptability, as well as for qualitative characterization of test environments and providing mega-environment analysis. As a practical result of the multi-environment trial, four spring barley breeding lines have been submitted to the State Variety Testing of Ukraine as new cultivars MIP Sharm, MIP Tytul, MIP Deviz and MIP Zakhysnyk, respectively.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SIMULATED SPRING FROST ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF THREE BARLEY CULTIVARS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McKENZIE ◽  
D. G. FARIS ◽  
R. M. DE PAUW
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Freezing Chamber

Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were planted at four seeding dates to evaluate the effect of a simulated frost at the two-leaf stage on growth and yield. A portable field freezing chamber was used to subject the plants to a − 5.6 °C stress. The frost caused 49, 64 and 68% injury to the leaves and delayed heading by 2.4, 1.4 and 2.4 days in Gait, Atlas and Olli, respectively. Frost also reduced the number of tillers per plant, ripe heads per plant and plants per plot in all cultivars. Although the late-maturing cultivar Galt had the most leaf frost resistance, the average 13.8% yield reduction within all three cultivars, owing to the freezing stress, was not significantly different between any of the cultivars. Complete defoliation by clipping resulted in no further reduction in yield than that which occurred from partial defoliation by freezing. Delayed seeding resulted in an 8.6% reduction in yield. Frost reduced the yield of early seeded cultivars by 9.8% and late-seeded cultivars by 17.1%.

DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE OF TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS TO METRIBUZIN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. CALDWELL ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Dark Regime

In greenhouse and growth cabinet studies, two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Klondike’ and ’Summit’) were found to differ in their tolerance to postemergence applications of metribuzin. Klondike was more susceptible than Summit, although both displayed varying amounts of injury depending on environmental conditions. Klondike was most susceptible following herbicide application at the three-leaf stage; when soil was moist at application; and when application was followed by a period of cold (0 °C). For both cultivars, high relative humidity and increasing duration of a dark period following spraying increased the injury from metribuzin. Increasing the duration of a light period following spraying had the opposite effect. The magnitude of the light/dark regime response was greater for Klondike than for Summit.Key words: Barley cultivar tolerance, metribuzin, environmental factors

scholarly journals Identity of barley powdery mildew resistances Bw and Ru2

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Line ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
The Difference

A large number of resistances to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) and their combinations are known in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A similarity of resistance spectra between cultivars carrying the resistance Bw, designated for the winter barley cultivar Borwina, and the near-isogenic spring barley line P15, which carries the resistance Ru2, derived from the landrace Rupee, was found. The objective of this study was to test the difference between resistances Bw and Ru2. Six cultivars were tested, four with Bw and two with Ru2. Testing with 40 isolates showed identical reaction spectra between both groups. Testing of the cultivar Kompolti 4 (Bw) and line P15 (Ru2) with 300 isolates confirmed this result. Thus, the resistances currently designated Bw and Ru2 can be regarded as identical, and are determined by the gene Ml(Ru2). Both Bw and Ru2 should be designated by the earlier code, Ru2.

scholarly journals Identification of the combining abilit o f grain yield and its components in hybrid barley populations based on topcross analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tokhetova ◽  
Gulmira Akhmedova ◽  
Serikbay Umirzakov ◽  
Ainur Demesinova ◽  
Ibadulla Tautenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Dominant Genes

The topcross method for assessing combining abilityis more economical and less laborious compared to diallel analysis, and also allows the breeder to obtain quite valuable information about the inbred material. In this research, the determination of the general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hybridsin two regions of Kazakhstan contrasting in soil and climatic conditions,the role of additive and non-additive genes in the determination of thetraits understudyhas beenrevealed. It is concluded thatthe predominance of additive gene interactions in the control of the traits understudyin theconditions of the Aral Sea region indicates the possibility of effective selection already in the F 2 generation, and in the piedmontzone of the Almaty region, due to the high determination of these traits by dominant genes, it is necessary to differentiate the populations of hybrids, starting from the first generation and further selection shall be carried out in several cycles until the achievement of homozygosity of loci carrying dominant genes. Consequently, the genetic contribution of the additive and non-additive effects of genes to the determination and inheritance of the studied traits significantly depends on the conditions of growing the genotypes of spring barley. Of greatest practical interest are the varieties Rihane, WI2291/Roho/WI2269 from the International Center ICARDA and the variety-tester Odessa 100 (Odessa Selection and Genetic Institute, Ukraine) with high GCA and SCA effects, little dependent on growing conditions, which are recommended to be used as reliable donors in breeding programs.

Effects of barley cultivar on energy and nitrogen metabolism of lambs

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Ovenell-Roy ◽  
M. L. Nelson ◽  
H. H. Westburg ◽  
J. A. Froseth
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Major Factors

The aim of this research was to compare energy values, nitrogen metabolism and diet digestibility of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars grown in two different years, to identify the most important factors affecting variation. Six wether lambs (39.4 ± 1.6 kg) were assigned within period in a randomized complete block design to barley cultivar (1990 Camelot, 1990 Cougbar, 1990 Steptoe, 1991 Boyer, 1991 Camelot and 1991 Steptoe) and consumed a diet of 83% barley, 10% alfalfa pellets and 7% supplement on a DM basis. During each 14-d period, feed, orts, fecal and urine samples were collected during the last 7 d and methane emissions were quantified. Digestibility of NDF polymeric monosaccharides was lower (P < 0.10) for weathers fed 1990 Steptoe than all cultivars other than 1991 Boyer and was positively correlated to methane production (r = 0.52). Barley DE was not different among cultivars but, because methane production was greater (P < 0.10) for lambs fed 1991 Boyer (38 L d−1) than for those fed 1990 Steptoe (21 L d−1) and 1990 Camelot (26 L d−1), barley ME content of 1991 Boyer (12.3 MJ kg−1 OM) was lower (P < 0.10) than for 1990 Steptoe (13.4 MJ kg−1 OM). Nitrogen digestibility in lambs fed Camelot grown both years was greater (P < 0.05) than for most cultivars. Absorbed nitrogen was greatest (P < 0.10) in lambs fed 1991 Camelot and nitrogen retention (g d−1) tended to be greater than 1990 Cougbar (P = 0.14) and 1990 Camelot (P = 0.16) fed lambs. Cougbar, Boyer and 1991 Steptoe had lower feeding quality for ruminants because of lower energy and/or nitrogen metabolism, while both years of Camelot and 1990 Steptoe had greater ME values. Methane production, digestibility of NDF polymeric monosaccharides and nitrogen metabolism were major factors contributing to variability among barley cultivars within and between years. Key words: Barley, lambs, methane, metabolizable energy

scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside Content Is Highly Associated with Deoxynivalenol Levels in Two-Row Barley Genotypes of Importance to Canadian Barley Breeding Programs

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Tucker ◽  
Ana Badea ◽  
Richard Blagden ◽  
Kerri Pleskach ◽  
Sheryl A. Tittlemier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Dough Stage

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a multipurpose crop that can be harvested as grain or cut prior to maturity for use as forage. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of barley that reduces quality of grain. FHB can also result in the accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Breeding FHB resistant varieties has been a long-term goal of many barley-producing countries, including Canada. While the genetic basis of DON detoxification via production of less-phytotoxic conjugates such as DON-3-glucoside (DON3G) is well documented in barley, little information exists in reference to varietal response. Over two years, 16 spring, two-row barley genotypes, of importance to western Canadian barley breeding programs, were grown as short-rows and inoculated following spike emergence with a Fusarium graminearum conidia suspension. Half of the plots were harvested at soft dough stage and then dissected into rachis and grain components, whereas the remainder was harvested at maturity. Multiple Fusarium-mycotoxins were assayed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mycotoxin content was elevated at the earlier harvest point, especially in the rachis tissue. DON3G constituted a significant percentage (26%) of total trichothecene content and thus its co-occurrence with DON should be considered by barley industries. DON3G was highly correlated with DON and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON). The ratio of D3G/DON exhibited consistency across genotypes, however more-resistant genotypes were characterized by a higher ratio at the soft-dough stage followed by a decrease at maturity. Plant breeding practices that use DON content as a biomarker for resistance would likely result in the development of barley cultivars with lower total DON-like compounds.

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