Use of recorded nursing grunts during lactation in two breeds of sows. I. Effects on nursing behaviour and litter performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fisette ◽  
J. P. Laforest ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
C. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
The Impact

The impact of exposing lactating sows and their litters to recorded sow nursing grunts played at different intervals during lactation was studied. Yorkshire × Landrace (YL) and 25% Meishan (MH) primiparous sows were divided into three groups (n = 14): (1) no playback, (2) playbacks at 35-min intervals (GR35), and (3) playbacks at 40-min intervals (GR40). Recordings were played from day 110 of gestation to day 27 of lactation. Nursing behaviours, incidence of nursings without milk ejection (NPN), nursing interval and proportion of nursings induced by playbacks were measured on days 6, 18 and 26 of lactation. Litter size was standardized to 10 ± 1 piglets within 48 h of birth and piglets were weighed weekly. Mean nursing intervals, excluding NPN, were shorter for MH than for YL sows (P < 0.001). The increase in mean nursing interval between days 6 and 18 was greater in GR40 than in GR35 or controls (P < 0.01) and, when excluding NPN, the mean nursing interval decreased in GR35 on day 18 (P = 0.01). The occurrence of NPN decreased as lactation advanced (P < 0.001) and was lower for MH than YL sows on day 26 (P < 0.001). Between days 6 and 18, the proportion of nursings initiated by playbacks increased (P < 0.05) and the duration of milk ejection decreased (P < 0.001). In MH sows, controls had longer milk ejections than GR35 (P < 0.05) whereas, in YL sows, controls had shorter milk ejections than GR40 (P < 0.05) and GR35 (P = 0.06). Piglet growth was not affected by treatments or breed (P > 0.1). In conclusion, exposing sows and their litters to recorded sow nursing grunts played at 35-min intervals reduced nursing intervals on day 18 of lactation only, without affecting piglet performance. Key words: Auditory stimulus, behaviour, lactation, litter performance, Meishan, sows

scholarly journals VARIATION IN PIGLET WEIGHTS: RELATIONSHIP TO SUCKLING BEHAVIOR, PARITY NUMBER AND FARROWING CRATE DESIGN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID FRASER ◽  
B. K. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Parity Number

Suckling behavior and weight change of piglets were studied during the first 2 wk after birth. Thirty-six litters comprised a balanced comparison of parity number (first or second), litter size (8, 10 or 12), and two farrowing crate designs, one of which had a low horizontal bar that tended to impede the piglets' access to the udder. Piglets showed the expected preference for the anterior teats although the preference was more apparent in the second parity than in the first. Teat fidelity was most pronounced at the two ends of the udder; piglets occupying the middle positions did more fighting during suckling and missed the milk ejection more often. Within-litter variation in 14-day weight increased with increasing parity number of the dam. Initial weight explained 30–40% of within-litter variation in 14-day weight. Behavioral variables explained 2.6% of additional variation in first-parity litters, 18.1% in second-parity litters, and 22.9% in litters of older sows. Suckling position (anterior to posterior) and teat fidelity (consistency of suckling position) were the two behavioral factors most closely associated with 14-day weight. Mean litter 14-day weight showed the expected effect of litter size, but showed no differences attributable to parity number or farrowing crate design. However, within-litter variation in 14-day weight was greater (P < 0.025) in the type of crate that impeded access to the udder. This may have been due to the somewhat higher levels of fighting, and to higher within-litter variance in fighting scores, seen in these crates. Key words: Piglet, weight gain, suckling behavior, farrowing crate design, parity number

Effect of supplementing the diet of lactating sows with NuPro® on sow lactation performance and piglet growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Plante ◽  
J.-P. Laforest ◽  
C. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
The Impact

Plante, P. A., Laforest, J.-P. and Farmer, C. 2011. Effect of supplementing the diet of lactating sows with NuPro® on sow lactation performance and piglet growth. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 295–300. The impact of supplementing the diet of lactating sows with NuPro® (a source of yeast-derived proteins) on their performance and that of their piglets was studied. Treatments were: control (CTL, n=22), 30 g of NuPro per day (NuPro30, n=22), and 60 g of NuPro per day (NuPro60, n=21). The NuPro was mixed daily with 500 g of feed and provided over a 21-d lactation. Jugular blood samples were obtained from sows on days 2, 7 and 20 of lactation to measure urea concentrations. Milk samples were obtained on days 7 and 20 of lactation for compositional analyses and quantification of 5′ monophosphate nucleotides. Litter size was standardized to 10±1 at 48 h postpartum. Sow body weight loss and backfat loss during lactation were recorded, as well as the weights of piglets until day 56. Feed intakes of sows during lactation and of piglets for 5 wk post-weaning were noted. Statistical analyses were performed with PROC MIXED using an analysis of variance with one factor (three levels) according to a completely randomized design. None of the animal performance data differed among treatments (P>0.1). Standard milk composition was also similar across treatments (P>0.1). Concentrations of nucleotides in milk were greater on day 7 than on day 20 of lactation (P<0.001) but were not affected by treatments (P>0.1). In conclusion, supplementing the diet of lactating sows with NuPro did not increase nucleotide concentrations in milk and had no beneficial effects on sow or piglet performances.

EFFECT OF LOCATION OF THE TEAT SUCKLED, BREED AND PARITY ON PIGLET GROWTH

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK ◽  
E. E. SWIERSTRA ◽  
R. M. MCKAY ◽  
K. MOUNT
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
The Difference

The effect of location of the teat suckled on piglet growth was evaluated on 919 piglets in 111 litters from 20 Yorkshire (Y) and 17 Yorkshire × Lacombe (YL) sows over the 2nd to 4th parities. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust the data for the effect of birth weight and number of piglets born alive. Piglet weight at 35 d of age was correlated with birth weight (r = 0.606) and the number of piglets born alive (r = −0.256). A breed difference was observed only for piglet weight gain (adjusted for litter size) with Y piglets being lighter (P < 0.01) than YL piglets at both 21 (Y, 3.77 kg vs. YL, 4.10 kg) and 35 (Y, 6.84 kg vs. YL, 7.95 kg) days of age. Piglets suckling the three anterior teats were heavier (P < 0.01) at 21 and 35 d of age than piglets suckling the three to four posterior teats. The effect of teat location on piglet weight was apparent both as a main effect and through its interaction with sow breed and with parity. At 21 d of age the weight, adjusted for birth weight and number born alive, of Y and YL piglets suckling the anterior teats was similar (Y, 5.43 kg; YL, 5.55 kg) and greater (P < 0.05) than the weight of piglets suckling the posterior teats. For piglets suckling the posterior teats, the Y piglets were heavier (P < 0.05) than YL piglets (Y, 5.18 kg vs. YL, 4.78 kg). At 35 d of age, the Y piglets suckling the anterior teats were lighter (P < 0.05) than YL piglets (Y, 8.78 kg vs. YL, 9.35 kg), and heavier (P < 0.05) than piglets suckling the posterior teats. The weight of Y and YL piglets suckling the posterior teats was similar (Y, 8.33 kg; YL, 8.24 kg). For weight gain (adjusted for number born alive) the differences at 21 and 35 d of age were YLa (anterior teats)>Ya>YLp (posterior teats) = Yp, and YLa>Ya = YLp>Yp, respectively. The parity × teat location effect was an increase in the difference in average piglet weight between piglets suckling the anterior and posterior teats from 2nd to 4th parity (21 d, 0.33–0.65 kg, P = 0.137; 35 d, 0.39–1.17 kg, P = 0.085). For weight gain, these differences were significant (21 d, 0.31–0.75 kg, P = 0.017; 35 d, 0.43–1.26 kg, P = 0.007). These results indicate that the effect of location of the teat suckled on piglet weight is specific to the breed of dam and influenced by parity with piglets suckling the more anterior teats being heavier. Key words: Piglet weight, teat location, breed, parity

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Examination of Dosage in Relation to Probe Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Julie L. Wambaugh ◽  
Lydia Kallhoff ◽  
Christina Nessler
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Practice Schedule ◽  
Practice Schedules ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study was designed to examine the association of dosage and effects of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech. Method Treatment logs and probe data from 20 speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia were submitted to a retrospective analysis. The number of treatment sessions and teaching episodes was examined relative to (a) change in articulation accuracy above baseline performance, (b) mastery of production, and (c) maintenance. The impact of practice schedule (SPT-Blocked vs. SPT-Random) was also examined. Results The average number of treatment sessions conducted prior to change was 5.4 for SPT-Blocked and 3.9 for SPT-Random. The mean number of teaching episodes preceding change was 334 for SPT-Blocked and 179 for SPT-Random. Mastery occurred within an average of 13.7 sessions (1,252 teaching episodes) and 12.4 sessions (1,082 teaching episodes) for SPT-Blocked and SPT-Random, respectively. Comparisons of dosage metric values across practice schedules did not reveal substantial differences. Significant negative correlations were found between follow-up probe performance and the dosage metrics. Conclusions Only a few treatment sessions were needed to achieve initial positive changes in articulation, with mastery occurring within 12–14 sessions for the majority of participants. Earlier occurrence of change or mastery was associated with better follow-up performance. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12592190

Narrative, Intertext and Allusion in the Qur'anic Presentation of Job

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Key Words And Phrases ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Job (Ayyūb) is a byword for patience in the Islamic tradition, notwithstanding only six Qur'anic verses are devoted to him, four in Ṣād (vv.41-4), and two in al-Anbiyā' (vv.83-4), and he is mentioned on only two other occasions, in al-Ancām (v.84) and al-Nisā' (v.163). In relation to the space devoted to him, he could be accounted a ‘lesser’ prophet, nevertheless his significance in the Qur'an is unambiguous. The impact he makes is achieved in a number of ways. One is through the elaborate intertext transmitted from the Companions and Followers, and recorded in the exegetic tradition. Another is the way in which his role and charisma are highlighted by the prophets in whose company he is presented, and the shifting emphases of each of the sūras in which he appears. Yet another is the wider context created by these sūras in which key words and phrases actualize a complex network of echoes and resonances that elicit internal and transsūra associations focusing attention on him from various perspectives. The effectiveness of this presentation of him derives from the linguistic genius of the Qur'an which by this means triggers a vivid encounter with aspects of the rhythm of divine revelation no less direct than that of visual iconography in the Western Tradition.

Impact of changing rainfall conditions on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed in Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Rainfall Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Groundwater Reserves ◽  
The Impact

The present study concerns the impact of a change in the rainfall regime on surface and groundwater resources in an experimental watershed. The research is conducted in a gauged mountainous watershed (15.18 km2) that is located on the eastern side of Penteli Mountain, in the prefecture of Attica, Greece and the study period concerns the years from 2003 to 2008. The decrease in the annual rainfall depth during the last two hydrological years 2006-2007, 2007-2008 is 10% and 35%, respectively, in relation to the average of the previous years. In addition, the monthly distribution of rainfall is characterized by a distinct decrease in winter rainfall volume. The field measurements show that this change in rainfall conditions has a direct impact on the surface runoff of the watershed, as well as on the groundwater reserves. The mean annual runoff in the last two hydrological years has decreased by 56% and 75% in relation to the average of the previous years. Moreover, the groundwater level follows a declining trend and has dropped significantly in the last two years.

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF CARETAKERS AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS TOWARD TEETHING IN INFANTS

2011 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Binh Bao Son Bui
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Department ◽  
Correct Knowledge ◽  
The Mean

Objective and methods: a prospective questionnaire based study on 71 parents (caretakers) of consecutive children treated at the Pediatric Department, Hue Central Hospital and on 47 health professionals at the department was conducted from September until December 2009 to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the caretakers, nurses and postgraduated doctors toward teething in infants. Results: Most responders believed that teething causes fever, irritability, feeding problems, drooling, biting, sleep disturbance, swollen gums, crying, lose of appetite for solids; and fever over 38oC was also believed to be associated with teething. The mean eruption time of the first tooth was from 6 months. Most caretakers had normal attitude to manifestations ascribed to teething (54.9%). The most common management to symptoms attributed to teething included increased breast-feeding, oral paracetamol, increased fluid supplying and physician consulting. Conclusion: Correct knowledge to teething in infants need to be educated for parents (caretakers) and even for health professionals. Key words: knowledge, attitude, practices, teething, infants.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS AND THE SUCCESS RATE OF EXTERNAL DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Van Nam Phan ◽  
Ba Kien Tran
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Lacrimal Duct ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Chronic Dacryocystitis ◽  
External Dacryocystorhinostomy ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics of the chronic dacryocystitis and the success rate of external dacryocystorhinostomy. Methods: The retrospective, interventional study without comparing on 27 patients (32 eyes) of chronic dacryocystitis who underwent dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) from 2010 to 2011. Results were evaluated with standards: epiphora, purelence, lacrimal duct irrigation. Results: Over period of 6 months, 27 patients including 25 (92.59%) female, 2 (7.41%) male. The mean age was 49.8 years (range, 22-79 years). All patients demonstrated epiphera (range, 3 months – 11 years). Dacryocystorhinostomy was performed unilaterally in 81.48%, bilateral 18.52%. Successrate was 90.06% overall. Conclusions: Although techniques in dacryocystorhinostomy of DUPUY-DUTEMPS is old, its result is mainstay of treatment for chronic dacryocystitis in Vietnam. Key words: Dupuy-Dutemps, chronic dacryocystitis

RESULTS OF INTRALESIONAL TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE FOR CHALAZION TREATMENT

2011 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Viet Hien Vo ◽  
Thi Em Do
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Interventional Trial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

The study use intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection proceduce for chalazion treatment.1. Objectives: To evaluate results of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for chalazion treatment. 2. Method: This noncomparative prospective interventional trial included 72 chalazions of 61 patients. 3. Results: 61 patients (72 chalazions) with 19 males (31.1%) và 42 females (68.9%), the mean age was 24 ± 9,78 years. 31.1% patients was the first time chalazion and 68.9% patients was more than one times chalazion including 78.6% patients was recurrent at the first position and 21.4% patients occur at new position. 72 chalazions with 16 (22.2%) chalazions was treated before and 56 (77.8%) chalazions wasn’t done that. 72 chalazions with 49 chalazions (68.1%) are local in upper eyelid and 23 chalazions (31.9%) are local in lower eyelid. The mean of chalazion diameter is 6.99 ± 3.03mm. Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide is injected to treat 72 chalazions with 16 (22.2%) chalazions are injected through the route of skin and 56 (77.8%) chalazions are injected through the route of conjunctiva. After 2 weeks follow-up, the success rate was 93.1% and 6.9% failed. 4. Conclusion: intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection for chalazion treatment is really effective. Key words: chalazion, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide.

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