Tenderness of beef round muscles containing injection site lesions or bruises

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dubeski ◽  
J. L. Aalhus ◽  
J. Van Donkersgoed ◽  
M. VanderKop
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Beef Round

The effect of injection site lesions on shear force was studied in three experiments using beef calves injected at 2 to 6 mo with common vaccines and antimicrobials used in Canada. Lesions produced by clostridial bacterins (Blacklegol® 8, Covexin®-8, Ultrabac® 8), antimicrobials (Nuflor®, Trivetrin™), or a four-way respiratory vaccine (Bovishield™ 4) increased (P = 0.05) shear force values at the site of the lesion and at 2.5 cm from the lesion. The proportion of unacceptably tough meat cores (shear force > 4.6 kg) varied among injectables independent of lesion size. The proportion of unacceptably tough samples was significantly increased up to 7.5 and 12.5 cm from the lesion center for Trivetrin™ and Nuflor®, respectively, but only at 0 and 2.5 cm from the lesion center for the bacterins and Bovishield™ 4. Mean lesion volume varied from 8.6 ± 0.8 cm3 for Bovishield™ 4 to 90.2 ± 6.4 cm3 for one of the clostridial bacterins. The present results suggest that smaller lesions, which may not be identified during meat processing, may have a greater impact on meat tenderness and variability than larger lesions that are removed during processing. Antemortem bruises in two muscles of the round did not appear to affect shear force. Key words: Cattle, beef, tenderness, vaccine, antibiotic, lesion, bruise

scholarly journals A Dual Role for Nitric Oxide in NMDA-Mediated Toxicity in vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordecai Y.-T. Globus ◽  
Ricardo Prado ◽  
J. Sanchez-Ramos ◽  
Weizhao Zhao ◽  
W. Dalton Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Injection Site ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Excitotoxic Damage ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Nitric oxide has been implicated in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated damage in vitro; however, its role in excitotoxic damage in vivo is not clear. In the present study we evaluated the histopathological and hemodynamic consequences of intrastriatal injections of various doses of NMDA and determined the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on these changes. NMDA was injected into the striatum at doses of 50, 150, and 300 nmol with or without Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 μg, locally). Three days following injections histopathological assessment was performed by morphometric analysis of the lesion area in multiple sections taken from the anterior to the posterior borders of the lesion. In animals injected with 150 and 300 nmol of NMDA (±L-NAME), local CBF (lCBF) was determined 30 min following injections using 14C-iodoantipyrine autoradiography. All NMDA-treated animals showed a well-demarcated lesion extending beyond the injection site. The volume of the lesion correlated significantly with the NMDA dose injected. The effects of L-NAME on lesion size were dependent on the dose of the NMDA. The lesion induced by 50 nmol of NMDA was not affected by L-NAME. With a dose of 150 nmol of NMDA, L-NAME induced a 43% increase in lesion volume. In contrast, a 38% decrease in lesion size was observed in animals treated with 300 nmol of NMDA combined with L-NAME. At a dose of 150 nmol, NMDA induced a significant elevation in lCBF, which was restricted to regions close to the injection site including the center areas of the anterior and middle striatum. The increase in lCBF observed with 150 nmol of NMDA was significantly attenuated in the NMDA + L-NAME-treated group. The lCBF changes induced by 300 nmol of NMDA were not significantly different from those in the 150-nmol group; however, the extent of the regions involved was larger. The increases in lCBF were observed in all striatal regions including the central and peripheral areas. L-NAME did not have a significant effect on the lCBF changes induced by NMDA at a dose of 300 nmol. These data suggest that in vivo the involvement of nitric oxide in NMDA toxicity depends on the NMDA dose and on the participation of hemodynamic mechanisms secondary to NMDA exposure.

Modifications of the Warner-Bratzler shear force method to improve the relationship with pork tenderness1

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
M.J. Van Oeckel ◽  
N. Warnants ◽  
Ch.V. Boucqué
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Force Method ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
A Value ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Cooked Meat ◽  
The Relationship

The tenderness of pork is one of the most important quality attributes to the consumer. Since it is very time-consuming and costly to evaluate tenderness by taste panel, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) is often used as a measure for meat tenderness (Boccard et al., 1981). However, the WBSF method gives a value for the maximal force needed to shear a cylindrical core of cooked meat, while the tenderness perception by the consumer is a result of the biting and chewing experience of grilled or fried meat. Moreover, this method is originally designed for the assessment of beef tenderness. The objective of this study was to evaluate modifications to the WBSF method to improve the correlation with pork tenderness.

Beef tenderness: within longissimus thoracis et lumborum steak variation as affected by cooking method

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. R. Dugan ◽  
J. L. Aalhus
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Cooking Method ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Force Variation

The effects of cooking method on beef longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) tenderness and tenderness variation were investigated. Steaks from three tenderness categories (tender: shear force <68.7 N; moderate: 68.7 N < shear force <103 N; tough: shear force >103 N; 8 loins per category) from commercial loins werecooked to an internal temperature of 72 °C using a single-sided grill, a double-sided grill, or a water bath. Shear force was not affected by cooking method or core location. Regressing within-animal shear force SD versus within-animal shear force gave a significant positive correlation (R = 0.76; P < 0.001), indicating that shear force variation increases as toughness increases. Results indicate that more shear force measurements need to be taken for tough versus tender steaks if an equal repeatability of shear prediction is to be made, regardless of cooking method. Key words: Beef, tenderness, variation

scholarly journals The beef tenderness model

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Frylinck ◽  
A O'Neil ◽  
E Du Toit ◽  
PE Strydom ◽  
EC Webb
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Proteolytic System ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Feed Withdrawal

In Phase1 of this study, three breed types (Simmentaler-, Brahman- and Nguni bulls; n = 60 each) were grain-fed and slaughtered at 12 months of age (A-age, fat-class 2). Feed was withdrawn for either three hours or 24 hours pre-slaughter. Within each feed withdrawal group, three electrical stimulation (ES) treatments were applied, viz. ES for 15 seconds, 120 seconds or no stimulation. In Phase 2, the effects of animal age and feeding regime were investigated using of A-age (feedlot and pasture), AB-age (feedlot and pasture) and B-age (pasture) animals. All carcasses were electrically stimulated for 15 seconds. Longer feed withdrawal increased dark-firm-dry (DFD) meat occurrence (pHu >6) in the Nguni and Simmentaler-cross. Brahman-cross longissimus (LL) tended to be more tender with paler colour and higher drip loss when 120 ES was applied. Longer feed withdrawal recorded higher Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) than three hour feed withdrawal. However, ES neutralized the effect of stress on tenderness. On average the AB-age feedlot animals produced the most tender LL followed by the B-age pasture and A-age feedlot which was similar to the AB-age pasture. A-age pasture animals produced the least tender LL steaks. The calpain proteolytic system played a pivotal role in determining the ultimate meat tenderness and although connective tissue becomes less soluble in older animals it did not play the determinant role in tenderness in this study. The intramuscular fat (< 3%) played an important role in the tenderness outcome of Nguni LL which marbled well at AB-age.Keywords: Meat tenderness, pH and temperature decline profile, pre- and post-slaughter conditions, production systems

scholarly journals Sources of variation in mechanical shear force measures of tenderness in beef from tropically adapted genotypes, effects of data editing and their implications for genetic parameter estimation

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Johnston ◽  
A. Reverter ◽  
D. L. Robinson ◽  
D. M. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Meat Tenderness ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Stimulation Method

Warner-Bratzler shear force measures of tenderness were taken on 2 muscles from 2661 carcasses from 3 tropically adapted breeds: Belmont Red, Brahman and Santa Gertrudis. The data were used to determine suitable methods of editing the raw data and to partition sources of variation for meat tenderness measured in 2 different muscles. The effect of different methods of electrical stimulation was examined: non-stimulated, extra low voltage or high voltage. The results showed stimulation method had a large effect on the mean and variance of the shear force. Non-stimulated slaughter groups were more variable than high voltage treated groups, which were more variable than low voltage treated groups. The effect of stimulation method was greater for shear force measured in M. longissimus dorsi than in M. semitendinosus. The variability in tenderness associated with different methods of electrical stimulation and the larger effect seen for the M. longissimus muscle suggest cold shortening, a processing effect, may have occurred in some of the slaughter groups. Several methods of editing outlier records were used and the effects of removing these records on the partitioning of variances among the independent variables of tenderness were examined. Removal of non-stimulated slaughter groups and other outliers resulted in a large reduction in slaughter group variance and residual variance, with the estimate of heritability for shear force of the M. longissimus increasing from 19 to 39%. Beef tenderness, as measured mechanically, could be improved by selection. However, the fluctuating heritability estimates reflect differences in handling pre- and post-slaughter and thus highlight difficulties in measuring tenderness consistently. The low genetic correlation between the 2 muscles (r g = 0.34) suggests improving overall tenderness of the carcass may be difficult. The large variance of the slaughter date effect within an abattoir (15% of the total variance) presents a problem in achieving consistently tender meat.

scholarly journals Atlas registration for edema-corrected MRI lesion volume in mouse stroke models

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Koch ◽  
Susanne Mueller ◽  
Marco Foddis ◽  
Thomas Bienert ◽  
Dominik von Elverfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Brain Atlas ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Atlas Registration ◽  
Stroke Models ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Automated Image Registration

Lesion volume measurements with magnetic resonance imaging are widely used to assess outcome in rodent models of stroke. In this study, we improved a mathematical framework to correct lesion size for edema which is based on manual delineation of the lesion and hemispheres. Furthermore, a novel MATLAB toolbox to register mouse brain MR images to the Allen brain atlas is presented. Its capability to calculate edema-corrected lesion size was compared to the manual approach. Automated image registration performed equally well in in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model (Pearson r = 0.976, p = 2.265e-11). Information encapsulated in the registration was used to generate maps of edema induced tissue volume changes. These showed discrepancies to simplified tissue models underlying the manual approach. The presented techniques provide biologically more meaningful, voxel-wise biomarkers of vasogenic edema after stroke.

Gamma knife thalamotomy for movement disorders: evaluation of the thalamic lesion and clinical results

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Ohye ◽  
Tohru Shibazaki ◽  
Sumito Sato
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Thalamic Lesion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Single Isocenter ◽  
Fine Print

Object.The authors studied the effects of gamma knife thalamotomy (GKT) on Parkinson disease-related tremor and essential tremor before and after reloading of radioactive cobalt.Methods.Based on experience in stereotactic thalamotomy aided by depth microrecording, the target was located at the lateral border of the thalamic ventralis intermedius nucleus (VIM). For more precise targeting, the percentage representation of the thalamic VIM in relation to the entire thalamic length is useful. The location of the target was determined on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computerized tomography scanning. A maximum dose of 130 Gy was delivered to the target by using a single isocenter with the 4-mm collimator. In more recent cases, a systematic follow-up examination was performed at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after GKT.Since 1993, the authors have treated 70 patients with PD. Throughout the series the same dosimetric technique has been used. The course after GKT was compared between the 25 cases with PD treated before reloading and the 35 cases treated after reloading. In the majority (80–85%) treated after reloading, tremor and rigidity were reduced around 6 months after GKT. In the cases treated before reloading this effect took approximately 1 year. The thalamic reaction on MR imaging showed the same two lesion types in both series: a restricted and a diffuse. After reloading the restricted lesion was more frequent and the lesion volume was smaller.Conclusions.The shorter delay in clinical improvement and smaller lesion size may be related to an increased radiation dose.

scholarly journals Possible Role of Myoglobin in Regulating Calpain-1 Activity in Postmortem Beef Muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Cooper ◽  
S. Suman ◽  
Z. D. Callahan ◽  
K. C. Kerns ◽  
M. Zigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Beef Color ◽  
Moderate Relationship ◽  
Redox Forms

ObjectivesPrevious research revealed a relationship between meat color and beef tenderness and indicated that myoglobin can inhibit calpain-1 in solution. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which myoglobin and beef color are associated with calpain activity and beef tenderness.Materials and MethodsBeef Longissimus dorsi samples from the left side of Holstein beef carcasses (n = 21) were collected immediately post exsanguination on the processing floor for 0 h analyses. Muscle temperature and pH was measured at 0, 24, and 48 h postmortem. After USDA quality and yield grade determination, steaks (n = 6) were removed from the right side of each carcass (n = 21) at 48 h for analyses at 48 and 336 h postmortem. Color (L*, a*, and b* values), surface myoglobin redox forms, metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA), total myoglobin concentrations, slice shear force (SSF), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were measured. Calpain-1 concentrations and autolysis were determined via Western blot at 0, 48, and 336 h.ResultsDecline in muscle pH was 6.4, 5.8, and 5.6 at 0, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Shear force values at 48 h were 73.19 N for WBSF and 384.21 N for SSF and at 336 h were 48.75 N for WBSF and 260.47 N for SSF. Myoglobin reducing activity at 336 h was positively correlated to WBSF at 48 h and negatively correlated to calpain-1 concentration at 0 h (P < 0.05; Table 9). Color measurements of L* and b* at 48 h were moderately correlated with WBSF at 336 h (P < 0.05; Table 9). The b* measurement at 336 h showed a moderate relationship to calpain-1 concentration at 0 h (P < 0.05; Table 9).ConclusionModerate correlations between color and tenderness measurements taken at 48 h with those taken at 336 h were discovered indicating that myoglobin may impact calpain-1 in vivo.Table 9Correlations (P-values) between selected color and tenderness measurements (n = 21)

Abstract WP204: Genetic Variant in VCAM1 Mediates Acute Infarct Size in Ischemic Stroke Patients

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Giese ◽  
Patricia Musolino ◽  
Huichun Xu ◽  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Markus D Schirmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Acute Cerebral Ischemia

Introduction: Even though neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as an essential contributor to ischemic brain injury, the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Higher expression of the vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) increases leukocyte-brain endothelium interaction and has been associated with larger infarct size following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The activation of the TGF-β signaling pathways can down-regulate VCAM-1 expression and ameliorate deleterious tissue outcome during neuroinflammation. Hypothesis: We sought to investigate whether genetic variation in the TGF-beta pathway and adhesion molecule genes is associated with acute stroke lesion size. Methods: We completed genome-wide association (GWA) testing and diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume (DWIv) analysis in a discovery cohort of 532 AIS patients of European ancestry enrolled within 48 hours of symptom onset. An independent European ancestry cohort of 724 AIS patients with GWA data and automated DWIv served as replication cohort. GWA testing per SNP was performed using linear regression modeling of natural log-transformed DWIv adjusted for age, sex and relevant principal components. We selected 42 inflammatory genes in the TGF-beta pathway for a gene-based analysis using VEGAS (Versatile Gene-based -Association Study) software. A pre-specified discovery phase Bonferroni-corrected threshold was set at p<0.001. In the replication phase, 14 SNPs overlapping were tested at the Bonferroni-corrected p-value threshold of p<0.004. Results: Of all genes in the TGF-beta pathway, VCAM1 (p=0.0006) was significantly associated with DWIv in the discovery AIS cohort (age: 66 ± 14.9 years, sex: 63.4% male, DWIv: 2.2cm 3 (IQR: 0.6-11.7cm 3 )). A single SNP within the VCAM1 gene boundaries (rs3176876 (BETA=0.2341, p=0.003)) was significantly associated with DWIv in the replication AIS cohort (age: 65 ± 14.1 years, sex: 68.6% male, DWIv: 4cm 3 (IQR: 1.3-17.2cm 3 )). Conclusion: The genetic variant rs3176876 in the VCAM1 gene is associated with larger infarct lesion size measured on brain MRI of AIS patients. These findings suggest genetic contribution to the pro-inflammatory mechanisms in acute cerebral ischemia and warrant further investigation.

Individual free choice creep feed intake by suckling calves on range

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Ralston ◽  
M. E. Olson ◽  
K. C. Garossino ◽  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
D. N. Milligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Creep Feed

A 51-d study was conducted to determine creep feed intake by suckling beef calves (N = 51) on range. Daily mean attendance at the creep feeder was 21 ± 10.3%, (range 2 to 43%) and mean intake was 1009 ± 634.4 g calf-1 d-1 (range from 67 to 3424g calf-1 d-1). Creep feed intake and attendance by calves on range may be too variable to be considered an effective method of delivering pharmaceuticals. Key words: Creep feed, intake, calf, feeding behavior

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document