scholarly journals Antischistosomal Activity of Two Active Constituents Isolated from the Leaves of Egyptian Medicinal Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S24342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaa A. Ali ◽  
Nagy S. El-Regal ◽  
Samar M. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Linum Grandiflorum

Highlights D-mannitol, a naturally occurring sugar isolated from the leaves Ixora undulata Roxb., and a linear chain pectin homogalacturonan (HG) polysaccharide isolated from the leaves of Linum grandiflorum Desf. (scarlet flax) were evaluated for their therapeutic effect against schistosomiasis with biochemical and histochemical evaluations, and compared with the reference drug praziquantel, to assess the antioxidant and antischistosomal effects of D-mannitol and pectin. In this paper, we investigate the role of two active constituents isolated from the leaves of Egyptian medicinal plants. D-mannitol a naturally occurring sugar isolated from the leaves Ixora undulata Roxb., and the pectin a linear chain homogalacturonan (HG) polysaccharide isolated from the leaves of Linum grandiflorum Desf. (scarlet flax). Both are evaluated for their therapeutic effect against schistosomiasis with biochemical and histochemical evaluations and compared with praziquantel, a reference drug. Biochemical studies of hepatic glucose, the glycogen content, and total serum protein were carried out, and histochemical evaluations through serum protein fractions separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with different molecular weights (260–10 kDa) were made in all groups, in addition to liver and body weight. D-mannitol and pectin show a remarkable effect in enhancing liver and kidney functions through enhancing most protein fractions in the serum of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Also, the glucose and glycogen content in injured liver tissues improved, in addition liver and body weight in the infected groups. Thus they may be of therapeutic potential in the treatment hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Disorders with Special Emphasis on Tangeritin

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 581-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Fatima ◽  
Yasir Hasan Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Plant Polyphenols ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Brain

Flavonoids are naturally occurring plant polyphenols found universally in all fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. They have emerged as a promising candidate in the formulation of treatment strategies for various neurodegenerative disorders. The use of flavonoid rich plant extracts and food in dietary supplementation have shown favourable outcomes. The present review describes the types, properties and metabolism of flavonoids. Neuroprotective role of various flavonoids and the possible mechanism of action in the brain against the neurodegeneration have been described in detail with special emphasis on the tangeritin.

scholarly journals Effect of milk replacer allowance on calf faecal bacterial community profiles and fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
M. Ajmal Khan ◽  
Emma Beijer ◽  
Jinxin Liu ◽  
Katherine K. Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Background The nutrition of calves from birth until weaning is predominantly from liquid (milk or milk-based) feeds. Liquid feed allowances are often restricted during artificial rearing to accelerate the development of the rumen by promoting solid feed intake. Liquid feeds bypass the rumen and are digested in the lower digestive tract, however, the influence of different types of milk feeds, and their allowances, on the calf hindgut microbiota is not well understood. In this study, faecal samples from 199 calves raised on three different allowances of milk replacer: 10% of initial bodyweight (LA), 20% of initial bodyweight (HA), and ad libitum (ADLIB), were collected just prior to weaning. Bacterial community structures and fermentation products were analysed, and their relationships with calf growth and health parameters were examined to identify potential interactions between diet, gut microbiota and calf performance. Results Differences in the total concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were not observed, but higher milk replacer allowances increased the concentrations of branched short-chain fatty acids and decreased acetate to propionate ratios. The bacterial communities were dominated by Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides, and the bacterial diversity of the ADLIB diet group was greater than that of the other diet groups. Faecalibacterium was over three times more abundant in the ADLIB compared to the LA group, and its abundance correlated strongly with girth and body weight gains. Milk replacer intake correlated strongly with Peptococcus and Blautia, which also correlated with body weight gain. Bifidobacterium averaged less than 1% abundance, however its levels, and those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, correlated strongly with initial serum protein levels, which are an indicator of colostrum intake and passive transfer of immunoglobulins in early life. Conclusions Higher milk replacer intakes in calves increased hindgut bacterial diversity and resulted in bacterial communities and short chain fatty acid profiles associated with greater protein fermentation. Increased abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, were also observed, which may contribute to development and growth. Moreover, correlations between microbial taxa and initial serum protein levels suggest that colostrum intake in the first days of life may influence microbiota composition at pre-weaning.

Effect of naturally occurring and synthetic androgens on growth, body composition and muscle glucocorticoid receptors in wether lambs

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gallbraith ◽  
A. D. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Nandrolone Phenylpropionate

AbstractTwenty-five Border Leicester ♂ × Blackface ♀ wether lambs aged about 4 months and weighing on average 28·5 kg were allocated to be treated with the naturally occurring steroid testosterone or trenbolone acetate or nandrolone phenylpropionate which are steroids synthetically produced. Treatment groups were as follows: untreated controls (C); 50 mg testosterone (T); 50 mg trenbolone acetate (TA); 50 mg testosterone + 50 mg trenbolone acetate (TTA) or 50 mg nandrolone phenylpropionate (N). Implants were given at 100 and again at 63 days before slaughter. The lambs were offered to appetite a good quality diet containing, per kg dry matter, an estimated 11·0 MJ metabolizable energy and 185 g crude protein. Comparisons were made for the main effects of T and TA and also interactions between T and TA. Effects due to N were assessed statistically against untreated controls. Treatment with T, on average, increased live-weight gain (LWG), empty body weight (EBW) and reduced backfat thickness and the weight (g/kg EBW) of perirenal and retroperitoneal fat. Main effects due to TA were increases in killing-out ratio and depth of the gigot joint and reductions in backfat thickness. Treatment with N increased the empty body weight and (g/kg) carcass ash. Non-significant (P > 0·05) trends were suggested for increases in carcass crude protein due to T and TA treatments. T and TA but not N treatments exhibited marked androgenic activity in increasing the weight (mg/kg EBW) of the accessary vesicular gland. TA and N, but not T, reduced the weight (g/kg EBW) of the thymus gland.The maximum binding capacity of post-morte m skeletal muscle (m. gluteus) for (3H)-dexamethasone was reduced by TA but increased by T and N. These results suggest differences in the binding capacity of corticosteroid receptors which may be related to differences in the effects of T and TA on protein metabolism in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Studies on Active Constituents in Medicinal Plants Using the Receptor Binding Assay. II. : Dopamine 2 Receptor

1988 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-453
Author(s):  
TOSIHIKO SUMIDA ◽  
HIROYUKI SUGIMOTO ◽  
TOHRU FUWA ◽  
KAZUO YAMASAKI ◽  
OSAMU TAKEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Receptor Binding Assay ◽  
Dopamine 2 Receptor

scholarly journals QTL analysis of self-selected macronutrient diet intake: fat, carbohydrate, and total kilocalories

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda K. Smith Richards ◽  
Brenda N. Belton ◽  
Angela C. Poole ◽  
James J. Mancuso ◽  
Gary A. Churchill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Protein Quantitative Trait Locus

The present study investigated the inheritance of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and kilocalorie intake traits in an F2 population derived from an intercross between C57BL/6J (fat-preferring) and CAST/EiJ (carbohydrate-preferring) mice. Mice were phenotyped for self-selected food intake in a paradigm which provided for 10 days a choice between two macronutrient diets containing 78/22% of energy as a composite of either fat/protein or carbohydrate/protein. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified six significant loci for macronutrient intake: three for fat intake on chromosomes (Chrs) 8 ( Mnif1), 18 ( Mnif2), and X ( Mnif3), and three for carbohydrate intake on Chrs 17 ( Mnic1), 6 ( Mnic2), and X ( Mnic3). An absence of interactions among these QTL suggests the existence of separate mechanisms controlling the intake of fat and carbohydrate. Two significant QTL for cumulative kilocalorie intake, adjusted for baseline body weight, were found on Chrs 17 ( Kcal1) and 18 ( Kcal2). Without body weight adjustment, another significant kcal locus appeared on distal Chr 2 ( Kcal3). These macronutrient and kilocalorie QTL, with the exception of loci on Chrs 8 and X, encompassed chromosomal regions influencing body weight gain and adiposity in this F2 population. These results provide new insight into the genetic basis of naturally occurring variation in nutrient intake phenotypes.

scholarly journals Crocetin: A Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Liang Guo ◽  
Mao-Xing Li ◽  
Xiao-Lin Li ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Wei-Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Drug Safety ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Bioactive Metabolite ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Application Prospects ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Crocetin is an aglycone of crocin naturally occurring in saffron and produced in biological systems by hydrolysis of crocin as a bioactive metabolite. It is known to exist in several medicinal plants, the desiccative ripe fruit of the cape jasmine belonging to the Rubiaceae family, and stigmas of the saffron plant of the Iridaceae family. According to modern pharmacological investigations, crocetin possesses cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antiviral, anticancer, atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and memory-enhancing properties. Although poor bioavailability hinders therapeutic applications, derivatization and formulation preparation technologies have broadened the application prospects for crocetin. To promote the research and development of crocetin, we summarized the distribution, preparation and production, total synthesis and derivatization technology, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, drug safety, drug formulations, and preparation of crocetin.

scholarly journals IFLUENCE OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM FEIJOA LEAVES ON THYROID FUNCTION IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Alevtyna Kononenko ◽  
Vera Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Thyroid Mass ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

The present work studied the effect of aqueous extract from Feijoa leaves on thyroid function of rats with experimental hypothyroidism. Healthy albino rats weighing between 120 gand 150 gwere used. The animals were randomly allotted into four groups, each containing eight rats respectively. Three of the groups (II, III and IV), induced with hypothyroidism, were treated by 0.05 % solution of thiamazole with drinking water for 30 days. Control (vehicle) rats were given normal saline. After 13 days hypothyroid groups (III and IV) of rats were treated with aqueous extract from Feijoa leaves at a dose 1.0 ml/100 g of body weight and with Iodomarin 200 (reference drug) at a dose 12 µg/kg daily orally for 21 days. Results obtained from the study showed that the introduction of thiamazole leads to functional changes in the thyroid gland in rats, accompanied by decreasing sings of rectal temperature and level of thyroid hormones. It was found, that treatment with AEFL normalizes serum thyroid hormone levels, increases rectal temperature and reduces the thyroid mass. The investigated extract can be attributed to the regulators of the thyroid hypofunction and is promising for further study of its effectiveness as a thyroid-stimulating agent.

scholarly journals The Hypoglycaemic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidative Effects of Anacardium Occidentale Methanolic Nut Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Folasade O. AJAO ◽  
Michael A. Olamoyegun ◽  
Marcus O. Iyedupe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background: This research work investigated the antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and antioxidative effects of Anacardium occidentale methanolic nut extract in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: Forty (40) Wistar rats weighing 250±30g were randomly divided into five groups of 8 rats each. Group 1 served as the control; Group 2-5 were induced with diabetes with a single dose of 50mg/kg bw of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. After diabetes induction, Group 2 served as the STZ-only group, Groups 3 and 4 were administered 100mg/kg bw and 200mg/kg bw p.o Anacardium occidentale nut extract, respectively, while Group 5 was administered 2mg/kg bw of glimepiride as a reference drug for a period of 4 weeks. Food and water intake were monitored daily, body weight, and blood glucose levels weekly throughout the experiment. On day 29, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical studies. Results: Administration of the nut extract significantly (p<0.05) increased the food intake and body weight of diabetic treated rats, fasting blood glucose level and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in treated rats. On lipid profile, administration of nut extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein concentrations while it significantly increases (p<0.05) the high-density lipoprotein. Anacardium occidentale nut extract caused significantly (p<0.05) increases in SOD, GPx, GSH, and CAT levels with a decrease MDA level in diabetic treated rats. Markers of liver and kidney functions were also improved in diabetic treated rats.Conclusion: Treatment with Anacardium occidentale methanolic nut extract has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepato-protective effects in diabetic rats. It also alleviates oxidative stress activity and restoration of markers of kidney function, and may be useful as alternative therapy in the management of diabetes and its related complications.

Study of Antiulcer activity of a hydrogel based on chitosan

2021 ◽  
pp. 4101-4106
Author(s):  
Anna Buzlama ◽  
Solaiman Doba ◽  
Sali Daghir ◽  
Karpova Evgenija Leonidovna ◽  
Ghadee Balloul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastric Tube ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Nsaid Gastropathy

In this study, the antiulcer activity of a gel based on high-viscosity chitosan was studied in models of NSAID and ethanol-induced ulcerogenesis. To simulate damage to the gastric mucosa in the NSAID model, diclofenac sodium was administered to experimental animals at a dose of 50mg/kg. An antiseptic intestinal and astringent agent was chosen as reference drug: bismuth tripotassium dicitrate at a dose of 0.017g/kg. The studied gel was used in 3 doses (0.08, 0.16 and 0.24ml/100g of body weight). In ethanol model, ulcers were induced by a single administration of ethanol 96% at a dose of 5ml/kg. Omeprazole at a dose of 20mg/kg was used as reference drug in this model. Chitosan-based gel was administrated in this model at a dose of 0.16ml per 100g of animals, which corresponds to the minimum available dose with antiulcer activity in the NSAID model. All investigated substances were injected intragastrically using a gastric tube. As a result of this research, it was found that the chitosan-based gel is effective in the NSAID gastropathy model but not effective in the ethanol model. In the NSAID gastropathy model, after a single oral administration of chitosan-based gel at doses of 0.16 and 0.24ml/ 100g, sufficient antiulcer activity was revealed, which was 2.4 and 4.694, respectively, and exceeded the effect of the reference drug, bismuth tripotassium dicitrate. In the ethanol model, the results of experimental studies showed that the reference drug, omeprazole, provides antiulcer activity with a calculated value of the antiulcer activity index of 2.18. After the administration of a chitosan-based gel at a dose of 0.16 ml per 100g of body weight of animals, compared with the control, the calculated value of antiulcer activity was 1.18, which characterizes the absence of an antiulcer effect.

T47D cell-inhibiting indonesian medicinal plants and active constituents of Alpinia galanga rhizome

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (56) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Azis Saifudin ◽  
Muhammad Dai ◽  
Arini Fadhilah ◽  
Juwita Rahmawati ◽  
AlfianMahardika Forentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
T47d Cell ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Alpinia Galanga
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