scholarly journals The role of GIS and expert knowledge in 3-D modelling, Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Logan ◽  
H A J Russell ◽  
D R Sharpe ◽  
F M Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Oak Ridges Moraine

Soil water recharge for grassed and forested land covers on the Oak Ridges Moraine, southern Ontario, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-408
Author(s):  
R. Bialkowski ◽  
J. M. Buttle
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Oak Ridges Moraine ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Land Covers ◽  
Soil Water Recharge

Soil water recharge (R) below 1 m depth was estimated via a 1-d water balance for grasslands, hardwood stands and red pine plantations on the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) in southern Ontario, Canada. Annual R values (431–696 mm) were in the order of previous estimates for outcropping sands and gravels on the ORM (∼400 mm); however, they only partially supported hypothesized differences in R between land covers. Annual R was similar for grasslands and hardwood stands and exceeded that for red pine plantations. However, there were no consistent differences in R between land covers for growing or dormant seasons, due to relatively large uncertainties for R estimates as well as inter-site differences in the soil's ability to store and transmit inputs below 1 m. Nevertheless, shifts in annual R appear to have accompanied historical land cover changes from hardwood-conifer stands → agricultural fields → red pine plantations → regenerating hardwoods. Growing season R in hardwoods makes a larger contribution to total R than for other land covers, partly due to spatially focused throughfall and stemflow contributions to R. Results highlight the role of land cover differences when assessing spatial variations in R along the ORM.

scholarly journals Plato on Natural Kinds: The Promethean Method of the Philebus

Apeiron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Proios
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Kind ◽  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Natural World ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Abstract Plato’s invention of the metaphor of carving the world by the joints (Phaedrus 265d–66c) gives him a privileged place in the history of natural kind theory in philosophy and science; he is often understood to present a paradigmatic but antiquated view of natural kinds as possessing eternal, immutable, necessary essences. Yet, I highlight that, as a point of distinction from contemporary views about natural kinds, Plato subscribes to an intelligent-design, teleological framework, in which the natural world is the product of craft and, as a result, is structured such that it is good for it to be that way. In Plato’s Philebus, the character Socrates introduces a method of inquiry whose articulation of natural kinds enables it to confer expert knowledge, such as literacy. My paper contributes to an understanding of Plato’s view of natural kinds by interpreting this method in light of Plato’s teleological conception of nature. I argue that a human inquirer who uses the method identifies kinds with relational essences within a system causally related to the production of some unique craft-object, such as writing. As a result, I recast Plato’s place in the history of philosophy, including Plato’s view of the relation between the kinds according to the natural and social sciences. Whereas some are inclined to separate natural from social kinds, Plato holds the unique view that all naturalness is a social feature of kinds reflecting the role of intelligent agency.

scholarly journals Tunnel channels of the Greater Toronto and Oak Ridges Moraine areas, southern Ontario

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
H A J Russell ◽  
D R Sharpe ◽  
T A Brennand ◽  
P J Barnett ◽  
C Logan
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Oak Ridges Moraine

Embodied Inequalities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Horton ◽  
Judith C. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Policy Intervention

This chapter combines ethnographic and social epidemiological approaches to analyze the causes of Latino children’s high rates of oral disease as well as their cumulative effects. Social epidemiological approaches suggest the complex interplay of biology and social structure at multiple levels in creating health inequalities. How can we use ethnography to operationalize this model, illustrating the varying role of familial, clinical, and sociopolitical contexts in creating farmworker youths’ health inequalities? Moreover, how can social epidemiology heed the insights of ethnography, and what happens when we assign equal truth status to parents’ “local” knowledge and to expert knowledge of epidemiological reports? This chapter serves as a lens both for understanding the roots of farmworker children’s poor oral health and as a thought experiment for considering the provocative methodological and epistemological questions posed by an interdisciplinary dialogue on health inequalities. Using a life course perspective, we examine the way that farmworker young adults’ poor oral health feeds back into a system of social inequality. Using the lens of oral health, this chapter presents a vivid argument for why health inequalities are cause for policy intervention—that is, why they are a matter not only of fairness but also of equity and justice.

scholarly journals The influence of intangible forms of capital on farms 

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
M. Lošťák
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Types Of Knowledge

Intangible issues, which are often very difficult to be quantified become more and more the field of interest of social sciences. There are many research works demonstrating that various types of knowledge, institutions, social networks, and social relations have a great influence on human activities as for efficient achievement of the actors’ goals. This paper relates expert knowledge (shaping professional qualification) to human capital and tacit knowledge (understood as a broader, general, and contextual knowledge) to cultural capital. Both forms of capital exist in their primary form only in concrete individual persons. Concerning collective persons (firm, community), cultural and human capitals are transformed into intellectual capital. Work with specific knowledge, tacit knowledge and capitals corresponding to them shows the role of social networks and social capital in their organization. Using the analysis of two farms based on natural experiment, the paper demonstrates the role of tacit knowledge and cultural capital (opposing to the overestimated role of expert knowledge and human capital). The conclusions outline social determination of both types of knowledge through social networks and social capital needed for an efficient work of a farm. 

scholarly journals International organisations and the role of collective bargaining

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-203
Author(s):  
Roberto Pedersini
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Mainstream Economic ◽  
Economic Analyses

This article analyses the positions on the role of collective bargaining of international organisations dealing with economic and employment issues. A stylised framework is developed that looks at each international organisation’s mission, expert knowledge and structure (at political and technical levels). The analysis concludes that most of the international organisations under review remain anchored to their missions and mainstream economic analyses, with the exception of the OECD (partially) and the ILO. In contrast, the European Commission has a quite different nature, being part of a fully-fledged polity. The article concludes that the more nuanced position on the role of collective bargaining emerging from international organisations includes some important elements. In particular, the recognition of its potential for social inclusion and cohesion may support national measures that promote collective bargaining.

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