scholarly journals Soybean germplasms evaluation for acid tidal swamp tolerance using selection index

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Kuswantoro ◽  
Andy Wijanarko ◽  
Dany Setyawan ◽  
Eddy William ◽  
Ahmad Dadang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Fe Toxicity

Availability of fertile land on the island of Java in Indonesia decreases due to the shifting from agricultural land to non-agricultural land. Hence, an extensification of soybean culture to outer Java suboptimal land areas is needed, such as tidal swamp which occupies approximately 20.192 million hectares. The main limitations in this soil are soil acidity, Fe toxicity and excess water. To develop soybean varieties tolerant to acid tidal swamp, tolerant soybean gene resources are needed. Hence, glasshouse and field experiments were carried out to identify tolerant gene resources. The glasshouse experiment has been conducted using 185 genotypes of germplasm at the Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang, East Java. Selection was carried out by using a selection index method. The glasshouse experiment was followed by field experiment at the Belandean research station, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, using the best 17 genotypes selected from the glass­house trial. Results showed that there was variability of response of each genotype to acidity and Fe toxicity. Therefore, assessment of soybean tolerance to acidity and Fe toxicity should be conducted by root growth. Based on selection index criteria, varieties of Lawit and Menyapa served as check tolerant varieties and showed lower growth than the 17 selected genotypes. In the field experiment, genotype MLGG 1087 was identified as the most tolerant and can serve as a gene resource tolerant to acid tidal swamp because it has the highest relative root growth on root dry weight, and the highest average of root and shoot dry weight.

scholarly journals Root Morphology of Eight Hybrid Oil Palms Under Iron (Fe) Toxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 013
Author(s):  
Aprilia Ike Nurmalasari ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra ◽  
Prapto Yudono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The research aims to study the change of morphology root characters of eight hybrid oil palms under iron toxicity (Fe). Field experiment done in arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was Fe concentration. It consists of two levels which are concentration 0µ.g-1 and concentration 600 µg.g-1 Fe. The second factor is the hybrid of oil palms which consists of eight hybrid oil palms as Yangambi, Avros, Langkat, PPKS 239, Simalungun, PPKS 718, PPKS 540 and Dumpy. Fe was applied by pouring FeSO4 solvent for 600 µg.g-1 500 ml.-1plant.-1day-1 on two months of plants after transplanting in the main nursery. Data were collected on root morphology and plant dry weight The data were analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significanly, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The relationships by among variables were determined by correlation analysis. The results showed that Fe concentration 600 µg.g-1 inhibits relatively root growth rate, narrows surface area, reduces the diameter, and shrinks root volume of all hybrid oil palms tested. The slowing relatively root growth rate, narrowing of root surface area and root diameter also root volume shrinkage due to Fe stress. It was also shown that the dry weight of plants was inhibit by existing of Fe toxicity.

scholarly journals Liming and biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho ◽  
Evandro Silva Pereira Costa ◽  
Caio Soares Diniz ◽  
Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a disease that limits the cauliflower cultivation and is difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of liming combined with the use of Trichoderma harzianum-based biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower. In a field experiment, the use of the biofungicide in combination with the application of calcined limestone doses (0 Mg ha-1, 1.0 Mg ha-1, 2.0 Mg ha-1 and 4.0 Mg ha-1) was evaluated. Subsequently, in a greenhouse, the biofungicide combined with liming with quicklime (2.54 Mg ha-1) was tested, and cyazofamid and water were tested as controls. The disease severity and attributes related to root and plant development were analyzed. In the field experiment, the healthy root volume and fresh weight, total root dry weight and inflorescence fresh weight and diameter were all significantly increased, while the diseased root volume, in response to the limestone doses, was reduced. The biofungicide reduced the root growth and inflorescence fresh weight. In the greenhouse, liming increased the healthy root volume and fresh weight, as well as total root dry weight, and reduced the disease severity. No significant difference was observed between the biofungicide and the control (water), which were inferior to cyazofamid. The biofungicide was not efficient in controlling the disease and did not favour the growth of cauliflower plants, either alone or combined with liming. Liming reduced the disease severity and increased the cauliflower root growth and yield.

scholarly journals Evaluating of soil sulphur forms changes in long-term field experiments of Látókép

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Evelin Kármen Juhász ◽  
Andrea Balláné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Term Field

The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes of different sulphur forms (soluble, adsorbed) in chernozem soil in a long-term field experiment supplied with increasing doses of NPK fertilizers for a long time. In addition, other objective of this study included the examination of the applicability of recommended extractants of the different sulphate fraction in Hungarian soils. A long-term field experiment was established at the Research Station of Látókép of the University of Debrecen in 1984. In addition to control, two levels of NPK fertilizer doses have been used with irrigated and non-irrigated variants. Winter wheat and corn were cropped in a crop rotation on plots. Soil samples were collected in three different development stages of winter wheat, at the stage of stem elongation (April), flowering (May) and ripening (June of 2018) from the topsoil (0–20 cm) of experiment plots. Water-soluble inorganic sulphate was extracted with 0.01M CaCl2 solutions. The soluble plus adsorbed sulphate was extracted with 0.016M KH2PO4 solution. Sulphate was measured by turbidimetric method. 0.01M CaCl2-SO42— ranged between 0.293–1.896 mg kg-1 and the 0.016 M KH2PO4-SO42- varied between 5.087–10.261 mg kg-1. The values of KH2PO4 SO42- was higher than that of CaCl2-SO42-, because KH2PO4 extracted the adsorbed and soluble fractions of sulphate, while CaCl2 extracted the soluble sulphate fraction. The amount of absorbed sulphate was calculated by the differences of KH2PO4- SO4 and CaCl2-SO4. The KH2PO4 characterizes mainly the adsorbed sulphate fraction much more than the water-soluble fraction. KCl is the most widely used extractant for the determination of plant available sulphate content of soil in Hungary; therefore, KCl-SO42- fraction also was determined. The KCl-SO42- ranged between 0.328–2.152 mg kg-1. The CaCl2-SO42- and KCl-SO42- fractions were compared and based on Pearson's linear correlation, moderate correlation was established (r=0.511) between them. In all three extractant (0.01M CaCl2, 1M KCl, 0.016 M KH2PO4) higher sulphate fractions were measured in the fertilized plots where superphosphate had been supplied for ages until 2010. The arylsulphatase activity of soil also was determined and ranged between 9.284 and 26.860 µg p-nitrophenol g-1 h-1. The lowest value was observed in the treatment with highest NPK2 dose, both in irrigated and non-irrigated areas.

Interactions between the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida, G. rostochiensis, and soil-borne fungus, Rhizoctonia solani (AG3), diseases of potatoes in the glasshouse and the field

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuvash Bhattarai ◽  
Patrick P.J. Haydock ◽  
Matthew A. Back ◽  
Martin C. Hare ◽  
William T. Lankford
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment

Abstract This is the first report of a positive interaction between the nematode Globodera pallida and Rhizoctonia solani diseases of potato, and is an important step in the general understanding of interactions between nematodes and fungal diseases. One glasshouse and two field experiments were performed to investigate interactions between G. pallida or G. rostochiensis and R. solani diseases of potatoes. The glasshouse experiment investigated the independent and combined effects of G. pallida or G. rostochiensis and R. solani on the growth of plants and R. solani disease severity. In the glasshouse experiment the combined effects of G. pallida with R. solani or G. rostochiensis with R. solani showed greater R. solani diseases of potatoes compared with only R. solani. The field experiments examined the development of R. solani diseases on potatoes grown in soil with potato cyst nematode population densities ranging from eight to 140 and four to 50 eggs (g soil)–1 in the years 2006 and 2007, respectively. The 2006 field experiment revealed a clear positive relationship between initial population densities of G. pallida and the incidence of stolons infected by R. solani, subsequent stolon pruning and stem canker. In both field experiments a clear positive relationship was found between densities of nematodes within the potato roots and the incidence of infected stolons, stolon pruning and stem canker. Nematicide applied together with R. solani in the 2007 field experiment reduced the effect of G. pallida on the incidence and severity of diseases caused by R. solani.

Critical phosphorus levels in sunflower plants

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (108) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer ◽  
CW Chan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Tissue Test

To provide a basis for a tissue test for the diagnosis of P deficiency in sunflower crops, the influence of plant part and age on the critical P percentage (P concentration in tissues required to sustain 90% of maximum yield) was examined. In a glasshouse experiment, the known mobility of phosphate within the plant was reflected in the occurrence of the highest P concentration in the youngest leaves. Laminae contained more P than petioles on a dry-weight basis. Stem internodes contained less P than the adjoining petiole near the base ofthe plant but more near the apex. Three field experiments indicated that the lamina of the youngest fully-expanded leaf was a suitable plant part for diagnosis. Critical P concentrations for this tissue decreased from about 0.35% at the fourth week from sowing to 0.20% at the tenth week.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

Alternaria and Cercospora Leaf Spot Diseases of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) – A Traditional Tribal Crop of South Gujarat, India, with Cost Benefit Ratio in Relation to Different Fungicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
P.B. Sandipan ◽  
P.K. Jagtap ◽  
M.C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Guizotia Abyssinica ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

Abstract Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) is an important minor oil seed crop grown in dry areas grown mostly by tribal and interior places as life line of tribal segment. Tribal people mainly use its oil for cooking purpose, above than that there were also other uses. Hence, the niger crop should be protected from the infection. The crop is affected by number of fungal diseases. Therefore, a field experiment was formulated for three years with the four replications at the Niger Research Station (NRS) at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU), Vanarasi, Navsari (Gujarat) on the foliar diseases of GN-1 variety of niger crop. In this experiment, six different fungicides along with one control have been evaluated to control the Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot diseases, out of which all the fungicidal treatments were significantly superior over the control. Here, foliar spray on the incidence of diseases was compared with the control (without any treatment). All the fungicidal treatments were significantly superior over the control to reduce Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot diseases of Niger crop. Treatment of Carbendazim + Mancozeb (0.2 %) with two sprays first from the initiation of the disease and second after the interval of 15 days recorded the lowest incidence of Alternaria (14.56) and Cercospora (14.94) leaf spot diseases of niger and recorded the highest seed yield 337 seed yield kg/ha along with the net return with cost benefit ratio graph.

Influence of sowing dates on the incidence of powdery mildew of chilli

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SUDHEENDRA A. ASHTAPUTRE
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Agricultural Research Station ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2005 at Agricultural Research station, Devihosur, Haveri, Karnataka to assess the progress of powdery mildew at different time interval of sowing dates. Totally 20 different dates of sowings were imposed in the experiment at an interval of 10 days. The crop sown on last week of May to mid of June recorded minimum disease severity compared to rest of the date of sowings. This clearly indicated that crop sown during this period suffers less, which may be due to low inoculum potential, whereas late sown crop suffers more because of the readily available inoculum in the early sown crops. Low disease severity in last week of May to mid of June sowing may be attributed to the non-congenial weather factors for the development of the disease.

scholarly journals A Non-Uniform Broadcast Fertilization Method and Its Performance Analysis under Basin Irrigation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Meijian Bai ◽  
Yinong Li ◽  
Shaohui Zhang ◽  
Di Xu
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Inflow Rate ◽  
Application Performance ◽  
Solute Content ◽  
Basin Surface ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basin Irrigation

The broadcast fertilization method is widely used under basin irrigation in China. A reasonable broadcast fertilization method can effectively improve application performance of fertilization and reduce pollution from non-point agricultural sources. In this study, firstly, a non-uniform broadcast fertilization method and a non-uniform application coefficient were proposed. The value of non-uniform application coefficient is defined in this paper. It represents the ratio of the difference between the maximum and the average fertilization amount of fertilizer applied on the basin surface to the average fertilization amount of fertilizer applied on the basin surface. Secondly, field experiments were conducted to study the movement characteristics of fertilizer under non-uniform broadcast fertilization for basin irrigation. Field experiment results showed that under the condition of basin irrigation, the non-uniform broadcast fertilization method could weaken the non-uniform distribution of fertilizer due to erosion and transport capacity of solid fertilizer by irrigation water flow, which could significantly improve the uniformity of soil solute content. Thirdly, the solute transport model for broadcast fertilization was corroborated by the field experiment results. The variation rule of fertilization performance with non-uniform application coefficient under different basin length and inflow rate was achieved by simulation. The simulation results showed that fertilization uniformity and fertilization storage efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of non-uniform application coefficient. In order to be practically applicable, suitable irrigation programs of non-uniform application coefficient under different basin length and inflow rate conditions were proposed by numerical simulation.

High phosphorus concentrations in seed of wheat and annual medic are related to higher rates of dry matter production of seedlings and plants

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Burr Medic

Seed of 2 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 1 burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) with increasing phosphorus (P) concentrations (wheat 1.4-3.7 g P/kg dry matter, medic 3.3-7.9 g P/kg dry matter) were collected from field experiments with variable levels of applied superphosphate (wheat 0- 577 kg P/ha, medic 0-364 kg P/ha) in south-western Australia. These seeds were used in further experiments to examine the effect of seed P concentration on the subsequent dry matter (DM) production of seedlings and plants in 3 glasshouse pot experiments and 1 field experiment. Seed of the same size (wheat, 35 mg/seed; medic, 3.6 mg/seed) but with increasing P concentration produced substantially higher DM yields in the absence or presence of freshly applied superphosphate P up to 28-35 days after sowing in the pot experiments and 67 days after sowing in the field experiment.

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