Critical phosphorus levels in sunflower plants

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (108) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer ◽  
CW Chan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Tissue Test

To provide a basis for a tissue test for the diagnosis of P deficiency in sunflower crops, the influence of plant part and age on the critical P percentage (P concentration in tissues required to sustain 90% of maximum yield) was examined. In a glasshouse experiment, the known mobility of phosphate within the plant was reflected in the occurrence of the highest P concentration in the youngest leaves. Laminae contained more P than petioles on a dry-weight basis. Stem internodes contained less P than the adjoining petiole near the base ofthe plant but more near the apex. Three field experiments indicated that the lamina of the youngest fully-expanded leaf was a suitable plant part for diagnosis. Critical P concentrations for this tissue decreased from about 0.35% at the fourth week from sowing to 0.20% at the tenth week.

Assessment of the phosphorus status of oilseed rape by plant analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton ◽  
K Spencer ◽  
AG Govaars
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Critical P Concentration ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
P Supply

Phosphorus (P) concentrations in young plants of rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. Wesway) were related to seed and oil yields to develop a tissue test for the diagnosis of P deficiency. Critical P concentrations were defined as those concentrations required to sustain 90% of maximum yield. In 2 field experiments in successive seasons on a P-deficient soil, rates of triple superphosphate from 2.5 to 120 kg/ha were banded with the seed. The lowest P concentration in young shoots (17-19 weeks from sowing) associated with a P supply that was adequate for plant growth was approximately 0.31%. The youngest fully-expanded leaf was a reliable plant part to sample, its P concentration being about 0.05% lower than the concentration of the whole shoot. Critical P concentrations in young plants for sustaining 90% of maximum seed and oil yields were higher, namely 0.33 and 0.28% for whole shoots and youngest fully-expanded leaves respectively. The critical P concentration in seeds was about 0.35%.

Effects of Direct Drilling on the Phosphorus Uptake and Fertilizer Requirements of Wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cornish
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Direct Drilling

The effect of direct drilling on the phosphorus (P) relations of ~vheatw as examined in seven field experiments over three years. Compared with conventional cultivation of the soil, direct drilling concentrated available phosphorus nearer the soil surface and resulted in higher strength and lower root length in surface soil (0-10 cm). Tissue-P concentration and dry weight of young plants (< 10 weeks) were consistently lower after direct drilling. It appeared therefore that direct drilling limited the uptake of soil phosphorus. An unknown factor also reduced plant dry weight per unit of P taken up in some experiments, whilst high rates of P fertilizer generally failed to give equal P concentration or dry weight in early growth. It is suggested that the young plants were unable to exploit fully the banded fertilizer because of insufficient adaptation of roots to the concentrated source of P and that this effect is a greater disadvantage for a direct-drilled crop. Direct drilling gave lower grain yields in four experiments when no fertilizer was applied, but where rates of P fertilizer were high, the two tillage treatments produced equal'pields. In these four experiments direct-drilled crops needed more fertilizer to attain 90% of the maximum yield. Crops in cultivated soil had the higher dry weight at anthesis and therefore the higher potential yield at equal rates of P fertilizer (in two years), but they failed to realize their potential at high rates of fertilizer because their greater vegetative growth led to increased water stress after flowering.

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION REGIMES, PLANT POPULATION AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON THE YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
K. Rajendran ◽  
A. C. Lourduraj
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during the summer (January – April) and kharif (June – September) seasons of 1994 and 1995 in a split plot design. The main plot consisted of three levels of irrigation, with irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation (IW/CPE) ratios of 0.40, 0.60 and 0.80, and three levels of plant population (0.33, 0.44 and 0.66 million plants ha –1). The subplot treatments consisted of three levels of phosphorus (80, 100 and 120 kg P2O5 ha –1). The results revealed that irrigation at IW/CPE 0.80 with a plant population of 0.66 million plants ha –1 and a P level of 100 kg P2O5 ha –1 is promising in obtaining maximum yield in soybean. Under an irrigation regime of IW/CPE 0.80, the total water consumption varied from 450 to 533 mm, while it varied from 350 to 438 mm at IW/CPE 0.60 and from 250 to 393 mm at IW/CPE 0.40.

The response of Leucadendron ‘Safari Sunset’ to the fertilization regime

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SILBER ◽  
R. GANMORE-NEUMANN ◽  
J. BEN-JAACOV
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Optimal Ph ◽  
Better Than

The responses of Leucadendron ‘Safari sunset’, on its own roots and grafted on ‘Orot’ rootstock, to a range of fertilization regimes were studied. The experiment was conducted during the summer of 1994, at Bet Dagan, Israel, and included three levels of compound NPK, two levels of P, and two NH4[ratio ]NO3 ratios.Ungrafted plants fed without P yielded fewest marketable branches and had the lowest fresh and dry weights. Increasing the P concentration in the irrigation water to 10 mg/dm3 improved the yield, whereas increasing the NPK level reduced the number of marketable branches and the fresh and dry weight yields. Lowering the NH4[ratio ]NO3 ratio in the irrigation water significantly reduced the yield.The grafted plants were significantly better than the ungrafted plants under all the treatments examined. The superiority of the grafted plants was more evident under conditions of P deficiency and non-optimal pH.

scholarly journals Soybean germplasms evaluation for acid tidal swamp tolerance using selection index

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Kuswantoro ◽  
Andy Wijanarko ◽  
Dany Setyawan ◽  
Eddy William ◽  
Ahmad Dadang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
Fe Toxicity

Availability of fertile land on the island of Java in Indonesia decreases due to the shifting from agricultural land to non-agricultural land. Hence, an extensification of soybean culture to outer Java suboptimal land areas is needed, such as tidal swamp which occupies approximately 20.192 million hectares. The main limitations in this soil are soil acidity, Fe toxicity and excess water. To develop soybean varieties tolerant to acid tidal swamp, tolerant soybean gene resources are needed. Hence, glasshouse and field experiments were carried out to identify tolerant gene resources. The glasshouse experiment has been conducted using 185 genotypes of germplasm at the Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang, East Java. Selection was carried out by using a selection index method. The glasshouse experiment was followed by field experiment at the Belandean research station, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, using the best 17 genotypes selected from the glass­house trial. Results showed that there was variability of response of each genotype to acidity and Fe toxicity. Therefore, assessment of soybean tolerance to acidity and Fe toxicity should be conducted by root growth. Based on selection index criteria, varieties of Lawit and Menyapa served as check tolerant varieties and showed lower growth than the 17 selected genotypes. In the field experiment, genotype MLGG 1087 was identified as the most tolerant and can serve as a gene resource tolerant to acid tidal swamp because it has the highest relative root growth on root dry weight, and the highest average of root and shoot dry weight.

Phosphorus nutrition of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on Cockatoo Sands of the Ord River Irrigation Area

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Bell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Yield response of field-grown Virginia Bunch peanuts to a range of soil phosphorus levels, determined using 0.5M NaHCO3 extractant, in the top 10 cm of the soil profile was evaluated on Cockatoo Sands of the Ord River Irrigation Area. Critical levels of soil phosphorus (required to attain 90% of maximum yield recorded in fertilized plots) was 7.3 ppm for pods and 7.9 ppm for kernels. Yield increases obtained with higher soil phosphorus status were due to increased pod number and kernel size. Trends in tissue phosphorus concentration in uppermost fully expanded leaves were monitored during the season, and critical concentrations for 90% of maximum pod yield were derived. The critical concentration (0.30% P, dry-weight basis) did not change with time during the vegetative phase of development, but declined in a linear fashion over time during reproductive development, from 0.27% P at 60 days after emergence to 0.12% P at 100 days after emergence.

scholarly journals Response of chickpea to foliar supply of Hoagland’s solution under rain-fed condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3053-3066
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid ◽  
◽  
Hasnain Waheed ◽  
Nadeem Nazami ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Biological Yield

Under rain-fed conditions, foliar application of nutrients is an efficient tool to eliminate the adverse effects of nutrients shortage and helpful to catch the maximum yield of any crop. Field experiments were executed to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of different strengths and application times of Hoagland’s solution on growth and yield characteristics of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rain-fed conditions. The treatments consisted of distilled water (control), 25, 50, and 75% strength of Hoagland’s solution sprayed at 7, 14, and 21 days after crop emergence (DACE) on two chickpea cultivars C-44 and CM-72. In terms of growth and yield, CM-72 showed superiority over C-44. The 75% strength of Hoagland’s solution showed an improvement of 32.9, 37.9, 35.3, 13.5, and 35% in dry weight, plant height, 100- seed weight, seed yield, and biological yield, respectively when sprayed at 21 DACE than distilled water. However, the lower strength (25%) of Hoagland’s solution produced similar results to distilled water. It is recommended that under rain-fed conditions chickpea cultivar CM-72 should be cultivated with a foliar supply of 75% strength of Hoagland’s solution at 21 DACE to obtain the maximum growth and yield.

ERRORS ASSOCIATED WITH HERBAGE DISSECTION ANALYSES 2. Problems of species identification

1976 ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
I.M. Ritchie ◽  
C.C. Boswell ◽  
A.M. Badland
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Leaf Fragment ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Botanical Analysis

HERBACE DISSECTION is the process in which samples of herbage cut from trials are separated by hand into component species. Heavy reliance is placed on herbage dissection as an analytical tool ,in New Zealand, and in the four botanical analysis laboratories in the Research Division of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries about 20 000 samples are analysed each year. In the laboratory a representative subsample is taken by a rigorous quartering procedure until approximately 400 pieces of herbage remain. Each leaf fragment is then identified to species level or groups of these as appropriate. The fractions are then dried and the composition calculated on a percentage dry weight basis. The accuracy of the analyses of these laboratories has been monitored by a system of interchanging herbage dissection samples between them. From this, the need to separate subsampling errors from problems of plant identification was, appreciated and some of this work is described here.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments of the Brisbane River (Australia) – Preliminary Results

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Kayal ◽  
D. W. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Results of the analysis of twenty-three composite sediment samples revealed that PAHs are widely distributed in the Brisbane River estuary. Mean concentrations for individual compounds, on a dry weight basis, ranged from 0.03 µg/g for dibenz [ah] anthracene to 2.34 µg/g for fluoranthene. Observed PAH assemblages were rich in compounds having pyrolytic origins. However, the presence of petroleum derived compounds was indicative of the importance of petroleum as a PAH source in the estuary. Petroleum refineries, a coal loading terminal and a major treated sewage outfall located at the mouth were not indicated as major contributing sources of PAH pollution in the estuary.

Yield Performance of Calocybe indica on Different Agricultural Subatrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Pinkal Patel ◽  
Ratna Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Calocybe Indica

The Milky mushroom, Calocybe Indica was cultivated on different agricultural substrate, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugarcane trace and mango dry leaves. The spawning was done by sterilization of all the four substrate. The bags were kept in mushroom growing room with the maintenance of temperature and humidity 30̊ c-35̊ c and 70-80 % respectively. The minimum days requires for completion of spawn run (18.4 days), primordial formation (25.2 days) and days for first harvest (32.4 days) was first observed on cultivation with Paddy straw.  The maximum yield on fresh weight basis and biological efficiency (134.86 %) was also found to be as the same treatment with the Paddy straw as a substrate. The biological efficiency of wheat straw was at par with Sugarcane trace as substrate which was 85.07 % and 85.02 % respectively.

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