scholarly journals Salmonella bongori 48:z35:– The first Italian case of human infection outside Sicily

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Bellio ◽  
Daniela M. Bianchi ◽  
Pierluigi Acutis ◽  
Cristina Biolatti ◽  
Ida Luzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Epidemiological Changes ◽  
Symptomatic Child ◽  
Piedmont Region

<em>Salmonella bongori</em> 48:z35:– is considered endemic to Sicily (Italy) due to its epidemiological peculiarity. To our knowledge, no previous cases of human infection caused by <em>S. bongori</em> 48:z35:– have ever been reported in mainland Italy. Here we describe the isolation of <em>S. bongori</em> 48:z35:– from a 1-year-old symptomatic child in northwest Italy (Piedmont Region). The strain showed no antimicrobial resistance. Reporting of <em>S. bongori</em> 48:z35:– in a previously safe area is important to identify epidemiological changes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Salmonella serotypes prevalent in asymptomatic people and patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Xu ◽  
Weibing Zhang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Infection with Salmonella enterica usually results in diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps, but some people become asymptomatic or chronic carrier as a source of infection for others. This study aimed to analyze the difference in serotype, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic profiles between Salmonella strains isolated from patients and those from asymptomatic people in Nantong city, China. Methods A total of 88 Salmonella strains were collected from patients and asymptomatic people from 2017 to 2018. Serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and PFGE analysis were performed to analyze the characteristics of these strains. Results Twenty serotypes belonging to 8 serogroups were identified in the 88 Salmonella strains. S. Typhimurium remained to be the predominant serotype in strains from both patients and asymptomatic people. Among the 27 strains from patients, S. Enteritidis and S. Rissen were shown as the other two major serotypes, while S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis were demonstrated as the other significant serotypes among the 61 strains from asymptomatic people. Antimicrobial resistance testing revealed that 84.1% of strains from both resources were multi-drug resistant. PFGE displayed a highly discriminative ability to differentiate strains belonging to S. Derby, S. Typhimurium, etc., but could not efficiently differentiate serotypes like S. Enteritidis. Conclusions This study’s results demonstrated that S. Typhimurium could cause human infection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic state; S. London, S. Derby, and S. Meleagridis usually cause asymptomatic infection, while S. Enteritidis infection mainly results in human diseases. The high multi-drug resistance rate detected in the antimicrobial resistance and diverse PFGE profiles of these strains implied that the strains were isolated from different sources, and the increased surveillance of Salmonella from both patients and asymptomatic people should be taken to control the disease.

scholarly journals Genotypic characterization of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis isolates in Dakar, Senegal

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gassama Sow ◽  
Abdoul Aziz Wane ◽  
Mamadou Hadi Diallo ◽  
Cheikh Saad-Bouh Boye ◽  
Awa Aïdara-Kane
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis

Background: It is well established that Salmonella enterica is a major cause of food-borne disease worldwide. In Africa, according to the Who Global Salm-Surv country data bank from 2000 to 2002 Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was the most common serotype involved in human salmonellosis. In Dakar this serotype of Salmonella has been reported as a frequent and an increasing cause of human infection. Methodology: The genetic determinants of the antimicrobial resistance of 25 selected multiresistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis referred to the National Reference Center for Enterobacteria (NRCE) in Dakar were investigated using molecular techniques. Results: All strains carried blaTEM 1 genes. Five harboured three types of class 1 integrons with gene cassettes dfrA15, dfrA1-aadA1 and dfrA7. Multiresistance was due to a 23 Kb conjugative plasmid. DNA fingerprinting by macrorestriction of genomic DNA revealed a single related group suggesting that strains might be clonal. Conclusions: The spread of resistance genes through plasmid transfer plays an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in enteric pathogens such as Salmonella Enteritidis; the risk of transmissibility of antibiotic resistance between different bacterial strains highlights the urgent need to develop strategies to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial enteropathogens.

scholarly journals A one health framework to estimate the cost of antimicrobial resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal M. Morel ◽  
◽  
Richard A. Alm ◽  
Christine Årdal ◽  
Alessandra Bandera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Local Health Service ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Objectives/purpose The costs attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain theoretical and largely unspecified. Current figures fail to capture the full health and economic burden caused by AMR across human, animal, and environmental health; historically many studies have considered only direct costs associated with human infection from a hospital perspective, primarily from high-income countries. The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Platform for ONE-Burden Estimates (GAP-ON€) network has developed a framework to help guide AMR costing exercises in any part of the world as a first step towards more comprehensive analyses for comparing AMR interventions at the local level as well as more harmonized analyses for quantifying the full economic burden attributable to AMR at the global level. Methods GAP-ON€ (funded under the JPIAMR 8th call (Virtual Research Institute) is composed of 19 international networks and institutions active in the field of AMR. For this project, the Network operated by means of Delphi rounds, teleconferences and face-to-face meetings. The resulting costing framework takes a bottom-up approach to incorporate all relevant costs imposed by an AMR bacterial microbe in a patient, in an animal, or in the environment up through to the societal level. Results The framework itemizes the epidemiological data as well as the direct and indirect cost components needed to build a realistic cost picture for AMR. While the framework lists a large number of relevant pathogens for which this framework could be used to explore the costs, the framework is sufficiently generic to facilitate the costing of other resistant pathogens, including those of other aetiologies. Conclusion In order to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses to choose amongst different AMR-related interventions at local level, the costing of AMR should be done according to local epidemiological priorities and local health service norms. Yet the use of a common framework across settings allows for the results of such studies to contribute to cumulative estimates that can serve as the basis of broader policy decisions at the international level such as how to steer R&D funding and how to prioritize AMR amongst other issues. Indeed, it is only by building a realistic cost picture that we can make informed decisions on how best to tackle major health threats.

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuni from Canine and Bovine Cases of Campylobacteriosis Express High Antimicrobial Resistance Rates against (Fluoro)quinolones and Tetracyclines

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Sarah Moser ◽  
Helena Seth-Smith ◽  
Adrian Egli ◽  
Sonja Kittl ◽  
Gudrun Overesch
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
European Program ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis

Campylobacter (C.) spp. from poultry is the main source of foodborne human campylobacteriosis, but diseased pets and cattle shedding Campylobacter spp. may contribute sporadically as a source of human infection. As fluoroquinolones are one of the drugs of choice for the treatment of severe human campylobacteriosis, the resistance rates of C. jejuni and C. coli from poultry against antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, are monitored within the European program on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock. However, much less is published on the AMR rates of C.jejuni and C. coli from pets and cattle. Therefore, C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from diseased animals were tested phenotypically for AMR, and associated AMR genes or mutations were identified by whole genome sequencing. High rates of resistance to (fluoro)quinolones (41%) and tetracyclines (61.1%) were found in C. jejuni (n = 29/66). (Fluoro)quinolone resistance was associated with the known point mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, and tetracycline resistance was mostly caused by the tet(O) gene. These high rates of resistance, especially to critically important antibiotics in C. jejuni and C. coli, are worrisome not only in veterinary medicine. Efforts to preserve the efficacy of important antimicrobial treatment options in human and veterinary medicine have to be strengthened in the future.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Causing Human Infection in Australia: An International Comparison

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon L. Wallace ◽  
Dieter Bulach ◽  
Angus McLure ◽  
Liana Varrone ◽  
Amy V. Jennison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

scholarly journals Surveillance programs for detection and characterization of emergent pathogens and antimicrobial resistance: results from the Division of Infectious Diseases, UNIFESP

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo L. Colombo ◽  
Mario Janini ◽  
Reinaldo Salomão ◽  
Eduardo A. S. Medeiros ◽  
Sergio B. Wey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Epidemiological Changes ◽  
Local Ecology

Several epidemiological changes have occurred in the pattern of nosocomial and community acquired infectious diseases during the past 25 years. Social and demographic changes possibly related to this phenomenon include a rapid population growth, the increase in urban migration and movement across international borders by tourists and immigrants, alterations in the habitats of animals and arthropods that transmit disease, as well as the raise of patients with impaired host defense abilities. Continuous surveillance programs of emergent pathogens and antimicrobial resistance are warranted for detecting in real time new pathogens, as well as to characterize molecular mechanisms of resistance. In order to become more effective, surveillance programs of emergent pathogens should be organized as a multicenter laboratory network connected to the main public and private infection control centers. Microbiological data should be integrated to guide therapy, adapting therapy to local ecology and resistance patterns. This paper presents an overview of data generated by the Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, along with its participation in different surveillance programs of nosocomial and community acquired infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter isolates from UK retail poultry and evidence for clonal expansion of resistant lineages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. L. Wimalarathna ◽  
Judith F. Richardson ◽  
Andy J. Lawson ◽  
Rihcard Elson ◽  
Richard Meldrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background Antimicrobial resistance is increasing among clinical Campylobacter cases and is common among isolates from other sources, specifically retail poultry - a major source of human infection. In this study the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from a UK-wide survey of Campylobacter in retail poultry in 2001 and 2004–5 was investigated. The occurrence of phenotypes resistant to tetracycline, quinolones (ciprofloxacin and naladixic acid), erythromycin, chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides was quantified. This was compared with a phylogeny for these isolates based upon Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) to investigate the pattern of antimicrobial resistance acquisition. Results Antimicrobial resistance was present in all lineage clusters, but statistical testing showed a non-random distribution. Erythromycin resistance was associated with Campylobacter coli. For all antimicrobials tested, resistant isolates were distributed among relatively distant lineages indicative of widespread acquisition. There was also evidence of clustering of resistance phenotypes within lineages; indicative of local expansion of resistant strains. Conclusions These results are consistent with the widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance among chicken associated Campylobacter isolates, either through mutation or horizontal gene transfer, and the expansion of these lineages as a proportion of the population. As Campylobacter are not known to multiply outside of the host and long-term carriage in humans is extremely infrequent in industrialized countries, the most likely location for the proliferation of resistant lineages is in farmed chickens.

scholarly journals Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in France: Antimicrobial Resistance, Serotype, and Molecular Epidemiology Findings from a Monthly National Study in 2000 to 2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 3636-3639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Winoc Decousser ◽  
Patrick Pina ◽  
Florent Viguier ◽  
Franc Picot ◽  
Patrice Courvalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Genetic Homogeneity ◽  
National Study ◽  
Epidemiological Changes

ABSTRACT A study of 257 French invasive pneumococci isolated between 2000 and 2002 showed high rates of nonsusceptibility to penicillin and macrolides (50%), contrasting with a low frequency of resistance to amoxicillin or levofloxacin (<1%) and tolerance to vancomycin (0%). The genetic homogeneity of some serogroups, including serogroup 1, enhanced the risk of epidemiological changes.

scholarly journals A One Health framework to estimate the cost of antimicrobial resistance.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Morel ◽  
Richard Alm ◽  
Christine Ardal ◽  
Alessandra Bandera ◽  
Giacomo Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Local Health Service ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Objectives/Purpose The costs attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain theoretical and largely unspecified. Current figures fail to capture the full health and economic burden caused by AMR across human, animal, and environmental health; historically many studies have considered only direct costs associated with human infection from a hospital perspective, primarily from high-income countries. The Global Antimicrobial Resistance Platform for ONE-Burden Estimates (GAP-ON€) network has developed a framework to help guide AMR costing exercises in any part of the world as a first step towards more comprehensive analyses for comparing AMR interventions at the local level as well as more harmonized analyses for quantifying the full economic burden attributable to AMR at the global level.Methods GAP-ON€ (funded under the JPIAMR 8th call (Virtual Research Institute) is composed of 19 international networks and institutions active in the field of AMR. For this project, the Network operated by means of Delphi rounds, teleconferences and face-to-face meetings. The resulting costing framework takes a bottom-up approach to incorporate all relevant costs imposed by an AMR bacterial microbe in a patient, in an animal, or in the environment up through to the societal level. Results The framework itemizes the epidemiological data as well as the direct and indirect cost components needed to build a realistic cost picture for AMR. While the framework lists a large number of relevant pathogens for which this framework could be used to explore the costs, the framework is sufficiently generic to facilitate the costing of other resistant pathogens, including those of other aetiologies. Conclusion In order to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses to choose amongst different AMR-related interventions at local level, the costing of AMR should be done according to local epidemiological priorities and local health service norms. Yet the use of a common framework across settings allows for the results of such studies to contribute to cumulative estimates that can serve as the basis of broader policy decisions at the international level such as how to steer R&D funding and how to prioritize AMR amongst other issues. Indeed, it is only by building a realistic cost picture that we can make informed decisions on how best to tackle major health threats.

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