scholarly journals Comparative histology of the femur between mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) and sheep (Ovis aries aries)

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Giua ◽  
Vittorio Farina ◽  
Antonio Cacchioli ◽  
Francesca Ravanetti ◽  
Marcella Carcupino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Haversian Canals ◽  
First Time ◽  
Secondary Osteons ◽  
Comparative Histology

Mouflon (<em>Ovis aries musimon</em>) and sheep (<em>Ovis aries aries</em>) are considered as the wild and domestic subspecies of the same species. A comparative study on the microstructure of mouflon and sheep femoral bone diaphysis is here reported. Bone microstructure is described for the first time in the mouflon. More than 200 secondary osteons from both subspecies were analyzed and qualitative evaluation was followed by quantitative determination of perimeter, area, minimum and maximum diameters of secondary osteons and Haversian canals. The basic structural patterns observed in both subspecies can be classified as plexiform and irregular Haversian tissue, in accordance with what reported in the literature for most ruminants. The presence of many secondary osteons in the mouflon means that the bone also consists of dense Haversian bone tissue. Statistical analysis demonstrated that mouflon secondary osteons are larger than in the sheep and made of a greater number of lamellae. Since mouflon and sheep are taxonomically closely related and their body size is very similar, the qualitative and quantitative differences here reported could be primarily explained on account of their different lifestyle. Indeed, the habits of wildlife typical of mouflons may lead to the presence of wide areas of dense Haversian tissue in that subspecies, as mechanical stresses are known to be related to number and size of secondary osteons. Finally, this analysis could provide a useful tool to recognize bones from different species, in forensic exam and archaeozoological studies as well.

scholarly journals Determination of Flavonoids Compounds of Three Species and Different Harvesting Periods in Crataegi folium Based on LC-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Ya-Ping Guo ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Ya-Li Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xiang Chen ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
First Time

Crataegi folium have been used as medicinal and food materials worldwide due to its pharmacological activities. Although the leaves of Crataegus songorica (CS), Crataegus altaica (CA) and Crataegus kansuensis (CK) have rich resources in Xinjiang, China, they can not provide insights into edible and medicinal aspects. Few reports are available on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids compounds of their leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods to determine qualitative and quantitative flavonoids compounds in leaves of CS, CA and CK. In the study, 28 unique compounds were identified in CS versus CK by qualitative analysis. The validated quantitative method was employed to determine the content of eight flavonoids of the leaves of CS, CA and CK within 6 min. The total content of eight flavonoids was 7.8–15.1 mg/g, 0.1–9.1 mg/g and 4.8–10.7 mg/g in the leaves of CS, CA and CK respectively. Besides, the best harvesting periods of the three species were from 17th to 26th September for CS, from 30th September to 15th October for CA and CK. The validated and time-saving method was successfully implemented for the analysis of the content of eight flavonoids compounds in CS, CA and CK for the first time.

Eine Methode zur qualitativen und quantitativen Bestimmung von drei Juvenilhormonen von Insekten

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Trautmann ◽  
A. Schuler ◽  
M. Suchý ◽  
H.-K. Wipf
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Work Up ◽  
First Time ◽  
Very High ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor Larvae

Abstract A method is presented permitting the qualitative and quantitative determination of all three presently known hormones (JH1-3). The determination is based on the method of radioactive isotope dilution, whereby a very small known amount of tritium-labelled JH-1 is added to the ether extract of the particular species. The addition of radioactive JH-1 permits the isolation of all three hormones, because of their similar behaviour during the chosen work up. The quantitative determination was carried out by gas chromatography and the identification was confirmed with the help of retention-times and GC-MS combination. The method was checked by using an extract of Hyalophora cecropia. For the first time methyl 10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2-trans-6-trans-dodecadienoate (JH-3) could also be identified as the juvenile hormone of Melo­lontha melolontha. In Vanessa io larvae, Tenebrio molitor larvae and adults and in Musca domestica larvae none of the three known hormones could be detected. The preparation of JH-1 labelled with tritium in the methyl group of the ester was accomplished with very high specific activity (4.34 Ci/mmol) of the tritiated acid with diazomethane.

scholarly journals Subacute Exposure to Alcohol in Relation to Bone Microstructure of Mice

2018 ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
A. SAROCKA ◽  
V. KOVACOVA ◽  
R. OMELKA ◽  
M. BAUEROVA ◽  
E. KAPUSTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Trabecular Bone Microstructure ◽  
Haversian Canals ◽  
Secondary Osteons ◽  
Subacute Exposure

Our study aimed to investigate subacute exposure to alcohol in relation to bone microstructure of mice. Animals from experimental (E) group drank a solution composed of 15 % ethanol and water for 14 days (one remodeling cycle), while those from control (C) group drank only water. In the compact bone of E group, decreased bone formation and increased porosity were observed which corresponds with lower levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and glutathione. Alcohol significantly increased sizes of primary osteon's vascular canals and decreased those of secondary osteons, Haversian canals. Relative bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD), relative bone volume without marrow cavity were also lower in E group. On the contrary, trabecular bone microstructure did not differ significantly between E and C groups. Liver function test showed higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in alcohol-fed mice. Serum calcium, phosphate were significantly lower in E group. According to our study, only changes in compact bone microstructure of mice following one remodeling cycle were observed due to both direct and indirect effects of alcohol.

scholarly journals Does the osteon morphology depend on the body mass? A scaling study on macroscopic and histomorphometric differences between cow (Bos taurus) and sheep (Ovis aries)

Zoomorphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zedda ◽  
Ramona Babosova
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Haversian Canals ◽  
Locomotor Ability

AbstractThe structure and geometry of bone depend on many biological and environmental factors. These factors affect the bone tissue's microstructure differently, and their interaction has not yet been fully elucidated. Our research investigated the effect of body mass on the macro- and microstructure of the compact bone. Therefore we analyzed the humerus and femur bones from females of 11 cows and 11 sheep at the age of 4–10 years. Both species have very similar dietary and locomotion patterns, but their body size and weight are very different. Within macroscopical analyzes of bones were observed ascending order of robustness index and bone diaphysis index. In both animals, plexiform and irregular Haversian bone tissues were identified in humerus and femur. Conversely, the dense Haversian tissue present only in cow above all in the femur. The most considerable interspecific osteonal difference between sheep and cow was in the osteon density, whose average value is 37% higher in the cow. The osteons of sheep humerus are almost circular, and osteons of cow femur are more elliptical. Within both species, the femoral osteons are elliptical than those of humerus. Despite the cow weighing more than 10 times the sheep, the measurements of osteons and Haversian canals, are very similar (the values of the ratio cow/sheep for these types are comprised from 1.04 to 1.86). Our findings indicate that the body mass does not affect the size of bone microstructure, probably more sensitive to other factors as a lifestyle and locomotor ability.

scholarly journals Acrylamide-Induced Changes in Femoral Bone Microstructure of Mice

2017 ◽  
pp. 1067-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SAROCKA ◽  
R. BABOSOVA ◽  
V. KOVACOVA ◽  
R. OMELKA ◽  
M. SEMLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trabecular Number ◽  
Secondary Osteons ◽  
Group 1

Acrylamide (AA) is one of the most common toxins in foods. Its effect on bone microstructure has not been investigated. The aim of our study was to analyze the impact of acute exposure to AA on femoral bone microstructure in mice. Adult animals were treated perorally with 2 doses of AA (E1 group, 1 mg/kg b.w.) in a 24-h period and with 3 doses of AA (E2 group, 1 mg/kg b.w.) in a 48-h period. Mice exposed to AA had smaller sizes of primary osteon's vascular canals. Secondary osteons were significantly smaller in mice from E2 group; however their increased number (from 38 % to 77 %) was identified in both E1 and E2 groups. In these groups, a higher number of resorption lacunae (from 100 % to 122 %) was also found. The values for bone volume, trabecular number were increased and that for trabecular separation was decreased in mice administered AA. Significantly higher value of bone surface was observed in mice from E1 group whereas trabecular thickness was increased in E2 group. The effect of AA on microstructure of compact and trabecular bone tissues is different. In our study, one dose of AA was used and acute effects of AA were investigated. Therefore, further studies are needed to study mechanisms by which AA acts on bone.

Comparison of standardised lymphoscintigraphic function test and high resolution sonography of the lymphoedema of legs

Phlebologie ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Brauer ◽  
W. J. Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Unreliable Method ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Fine Disperse

SummaryPurpose: Comparison of qualitative and quantitative sonography with the lymphoscintigraphic function test and clinical findings in legs. Patients, methods: In 33 patients a lymphoscintigraphic function test of legs combined with measurement of lymph node uptake was performed and subsequently compared with sonography. Sonographic criteria were: Thickness of cutis, thickness of subcutanean fatty tissue and presence of liquid structures or fine disperse tissue structure of lower limbs, foots and toes. Results: In 51 legs uptake values lie in the pathologic area, in four legs in the grey area and in ten legs in the normal area. The cutis thickness in the lower leg shows no significant correlation with the uptake. The determination of the thickness of the subcutanean fatty tissue of the lower leg and of the cutis thickness of the feet turned out to be an unreliable method. In 47% of the medial lower legs and in 57% of the lateral lower legs with clinical lymphoedema sonography is falsely negative. Conclusion: Early lymphoedema is only detectable with the lymphoscintigraphic function test. In the case of clinical lymphoedema clinical examination is more reliable than sonography.

Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

The Comparative Study of Equisetum pratense, E. sylvaticum, E. telmateia: Accumulation of Silicon, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2519-2523
Author(s):  
Denisa Batir Marin ◽  
Oana Cioanca ◽  
Mihai Apostu ◽  
Cristina Gabriela Tuchilus ◽  
Cornelia Mircea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
The Comparative Study

The objective of the current study is represented by the determination of silica and a phytochemical screening of phenolic derivates of some Equisetum species. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for Equisetum pratense Ehrh.,, Equisetum sylvaticum L. and Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. (sin. Equisetum maximum Lam.) were also investigated. The concentration of silicon (Si) in plants was determined by the spectrophotometric method using previous treatment with NaOH 50% both for the stem and the nodal branches [1]. Results obtained varied from 95.12 to 162.10 SiO2 mg/g dry plant which represents 4.44% to 7.58% Si/100g dry sample. Two types of total extracts were obtained using different solvents and were subjected to qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis considering total phenolic content [2]. The highest concentration of investigated compounds was found in the methanolic extract, E. sylvaticum, 196.5mg/g dry sample. Antioxidant activity was monitored spectrophotometrically and expressed in terms of IC50 (�g/mL) [3]. Values gathered ranged from 261.7 to 429.5 �g/mL. The highest capacity to neutralized DPPH radicals was found in E. sylvaticum. In vitro antimicrobial activity was determined using difusimetric method [4]. Testing was performed on four microorganisms: three strains of bacteria and one species of fungi. Different effects were noticed against the bacteria, furthermore the methanol extract appeared to be most efficient. All extracts showed significand antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and weak to no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922).

Phytochemical Constituents of Annona reticulata and their Cytotoxic Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ty Viet Pham ◽  
Thang Quoc Le ◽  
Anh Tuan Le ◽  
Hung Quoc Vo ◽  
Duc Viet Ho
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Structural Determination ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time ◽  
Annona Reticulata

A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Annona reticulata led to the isolation and structural determination of β-sitosterol (1), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (2), ent-pimara- 8(14),15-dien-19-ol (3), quercetin (4), quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (5), and a mixture of quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (6a) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6b). Of these, compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from the genus Annona for the first time. Compound 3 showed strong cytotoxicity against SK-LU-1 and SW626 cell lines with IC50 values of 17.64 ± 1.07 and 19.79 ± 1.41 μg mL-1, respectively.

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