scholarly journals Subacute Exposure to Alcohol in Relation to Bone Microstructure of Mice

2018 ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
A. SAROCKA ◽  
V. KOVACOVA ◽  
R. OMELKA ◽  
M. BAUEROVA ◽  
E. KAPUSTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Trabecular Bone Microstructure ◽  
Haversian Canals ◽  
Secondary Osteons ◽  
Subacute Exposure

Our study aimed to investigate subacute exposure to alcohol in relation to bone microstructure of mice. Animals from experimental (E) group drank a solution composed of 15 % ethanol and water for 14 days (one remodeling cycle), while those from control (C) group drank only water. In the compact bone of E group, decreased bone formation and increased porosity were observed which corresponds with lower levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and glutathione. Alcohol significantly increased sizes of primary osteon's vascular canals and decreased those of secondary osteons, Haversian canals. Relative bone volume, bone mineral density (BMD), relative bone volume without marrow cavity were also lower in E group. On the contrary, trabecular bone microstructure did not differ significantly between E and C groups. Liver function test showed higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase in alcohol-fed mice. Serum calcium, phosphate were significantly lower in E group. According to our study, only changes in compact bone microstructure of mice following one remodeling cycle were observed due to both direct and indirect effects of alcohol.

scholarly journals Comparative histology of the femur between mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) and sheep (Ovis aries aries)

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Giua ◽  
Vittorio Farina ◽  
Antonio Cacchioli ◽  
Francesca Ravanetti ◽  
Marcella Carcupino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Haversian Canals ◽  
First Time ◽  
Secondary Osteons ◽  
Comparative Histology

Mouflon (<em>Ovis aries musimon</em>) and sheep (<em>Ovis aries aries</em>) are considered as the wild and domestic subspecies of the same species. A comparative study on the microstructure of mouflon and sheep femoral bone diaphysis is here reported. Bone microstructure is described for the first time in the mouflon. More than 200 secondary osteons from both subspecies were analyzed and qualitative evaluation was followed by quantitative determination of perimeter, area, minimum and maximum diameters of secondary osteons and Haversian canals. The basic structural patterns observed in both subspecies can be classified as plexiform and irregular Haversian tissue, in accordance with what reported in the literature for most ruminants. The presence of many secondary osteons in the mouflon means that the bone also consists of dense Haversian bone tissue. Statistical analysis demonstrated that mouflon secondary osteons are larger than in the sheep and made of a greater number of lamellae. Since mouflon and sheep are taxonomically closely related and their body size is very similar, the qualitative and quantitative differences here reported could be primarily explained on account of their different lifestyle. Indeed, the habits of wildlife typical of mouflons may lead to the presence of wide areas of dense Haversian tissue in that subspecies, as mechanical stresses are known to be related to number and size of secondary osteons. Finally, this analysis could provide a useful tool to recognize bones from different species, in forensic exam and archaeozoological studies as well.

scholarly journals Does the osteon morphology depend on the body mass? A scaling study on macroscopic and histomorphometric differences between cow (Bos taurus) and sheep (Ovis aries)

Zoomorphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zedda ◽  
Ramona Babosova
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Haversian Canals ◽  
Locomotor Ability

AbstractThe structure and geometry of bone depend on many biological and environmental factors. These factors affect the bone tissue's microstructure differently, and their interaction has not yet been fully elucidated. Our research investigated the effect of body mass on the macro- and microstructure of the compact bone. Therefore we analyzed the humerus and femur bones from females of 11 cows and 11 sheep at the age of 4–10 years. Both species have very similar dietary and locomotion patterns, but their body size and weight are very different. Within macroscopical analyzes of bones were observed ascending order of robustness index and bone diaphysis index. In both animals, plexiform and irregular Haversian bone tissues were identified in humerus and femur. Conversely, the dense Haversian tissue present only in cow above all in the femur. The most considerable interspecific osteonal difference between sheep and cow was in the osteon density, whose average value is 37% higher in the cow. The osteons of sheep humerus are almost circular, and osteons of cow femur are more elliptical. Within both species, the femoral osteons are elliptical than those of humerus. Despite the cow weighing more than 10 times the sheep, the measurements of osteons and Haversian canals, are very similar (the values of the ratio cow/sheep for these types are comprised from 1.04 to 1.86). Our findings indicate that the body mass does not affect the size of bone microstructure, probably more sensitive to other factors as a lifestyle and locomotor ability.

Trabecular bone microstructure and mineral density in human residual ridge at various intervals over a long period after tooth extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikako Tanaka ◽  
Emi Yamashita-Mikami ◽  
Kohei Akazawa ◽  
Michiko Yoshizawa ◽  
Yoshiaki Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Trabecular Bone Microstructure

scholarly journals Effect of Age on Bone Structure Parameters in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Yamada ◽  
Chongxiao Chen ◽  
Toshie Sugiyama ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Medullary Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tibial Diaphysis

Changes in medullary and cortical bone structure with age remain unclear. Twenty Hy-Line W36 hens, 25 or 52 weeks of age, were euthanized, and both tibiae were collected when an egg was present in the magnum. Serial cross sections of the tibiae were stained with Alcian blue. The bones were scanned using micro-computed tomography. Trabecular width (Tb.Wi) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 25-week-old hens, whereas medullary bone tissue volume (TV) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in 52-week-old hens. 25-week-old hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) bone volume fraction (BVF = calcified tissue / TV). Moreover, the cortical bone parameters were significantly higher (TV and bone mineral content (BMC) at p < 0.05, and bone volume (BV) and BVF at p < 0.01) in younger hens. Open porosity and total porosity, which indicate less density, were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in older hens. Older hens showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) tibial diaphysis TV than younger hens. Younger hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) BV, BVF and bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibial diaphysis. These findings reveal that reductions in medullary bone quality might be associated with age-related low estrogen levels and stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption by parathyroid hormone. Cortical bone quality decreased with enlargement of the Haversian canals and loss of volume, with a longer egg-laying period leading to osteoporosis.

scholarly journals β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation Prevents Bone Loss during Pregnancy—Novel Evidence from a Spiny Mouse (Acomys cahirinus) Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3047
Author(s):  
Ewa Tomaszewska ◽  
Janine Donaldson ◽  
Jakub Kosiński ◽  
Piotr Dobrowolski ◽  
Agnieszka Tomczyk-Warunek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tissue Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acomys Cahirinus ◽  
Trabecular Number

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation during pregnancy on postpartum bone tissue quality by assessing changes in trabecular and compact bone as well as in hyaline and epiphyseal cartilage. The experiment was carried out on adult 6-month-old female spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) divided into three groups: pregnant control (PregCont), pregnant HMB-treated (supplemented with 0.02 g/kg b.w of HMB during the second trimester of pregnancy, PregHMB), and non-pregnant females (NonPreg). Cross-sectional area and cortical index of the femoral mid-shaft, stiffness, and Young modulus were significantly greater in the PregHMB group. Whole-bone mineral density was similar in all groups, and HMB supplementation increased trabecular number. Growth plate cartilage was the thinnest, while the articular cartilage was the thickest in the PregHMB group. HMB supplementation increased the content of proteoglycans in the articular cartilage and the percentage of immature collagen content in metaphyseal trabeculae and compact bone. In summary, dietary HMB supplementation during the second trimester of pregnancy intensifies bone metabolic processes and prevents bone loss during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Relationship of age to bone microstructure independent of areal bone mineral density

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy M Nicks ◽  
Shreyasee Amin ◽  
Elizabeth J Atkinson ◽  
B Lawrence Riggs ◽  
L Joseph Melton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
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