scholarly journals The influence of management and construction methods in the repair costs of Spain’s low-volume road network

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Eutiquio Gallego ◽  
Manuel Moya ◽  
Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez ◽  
Ana I. García ◽  
Francisco Ayuga
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Pavement Materials ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Low Volume

This paper describes the entire process of the implementation of the Spanish low volume road network, including the design criteria, the construction techniques and the management policies during all the periods. The current situation of low volume roads in Spain was analyzed with respect to the legal framework and their actual condition. In addition, the budget required for the repair of 41 low volume roads throughout Spain was calculated in order to statistically analyze the influence of the pavement materials and the period of construction. The main conclusions were that low volume roads constructed during the 1970´s are currently those in the best state of repair and those requiring the lower repair costs, even lower than those constructed after 1980´s. In addition, low volume roads constructed with higher quality materials and using standardized techniques required five times lower repair costs than those made of lower quality materials.

Nature and Effects of Low-Volume Roads in Botswana

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bizzar B. Madzikigwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
The Road ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Sand And Gravel

The road sector in Botswana continues to develop its road network throughout the country at a tremendous rate. When Botswana gained independence in 1966, it had only 10 km (16 mi) of bitumen road. By 1992 the total length of bituminous surfaced road reached 3500 km (2,175 mi) out of a total road network of 18 000 km (11,285 mi). These statistics clearly show that the majority of roads are not yet surfaced; these are low-volume roads that provide access to the rural areas where most of the country’s population is found, though in low density. In spite of the rapid improvement in the quality of the national road network in recent years, much remains to be done. In the early 1970s and early 1980s the rural roads unit was introduced in the Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, which was charged with the responsibility of design and construction of low-volume roads around the country in a bid to integrate the country’s road network. This unit was later disbanded in the 1990s, and all roads are improved through the conventional procurement system using private contractors. For these roads the justification of a surfacing project based on conventional economic return methods does not apply, and worse still, the road improvements have to compete with other amenities for the same limited resources. Three ministries in Botswana are responsible for roads: Ministry of Works Transport and Communications, Ministry of Local Government, and Ministry of Trade, Industry, Wildlife and Tourism. These ministries have different responsibilities for different roads within the country, and earth, sand, and gravel roads are found under the jurisdiction of each of the ministries. The major drawbacks concerning low-volume roads in Botswana are inadequate maintenance, poor road construction materials, and the environmental impacts of the roads. Since the budget and resources are inadequate to keep these roads in good condition, it would be prudent to find technological means that would improve the locally available road construction materials so as to minimize their effects on the environment and vehicle operating costs.

Strength and Behavior of Materials for Low-Volume Roads as Affected by Moisture and Density

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Paige-Green
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Pavement Materials ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
And Behavior

The relationships among strength, moisture, and density in pavement subgrades and layerworks are well known, but they have particular significance in low-volume roads. In these roads, the specified density is frequently not achieved (quality assurance testing tends to be reduced), and moisture fluctuations are more severe with greater consequences. Traditional studies of the material strength for these roads in southern Africa are based almost entirely on the California bearing ratio (CBR), a test with inherent problems. The test is routinely carried out to identify whether the materials under consideration have the required soaked strengths (typically CBRs of 80% or 45% for bases of different standards) at the design compaction density. Studies of the CBR at different moisture contents and densities should be carried out to identify the implications of variations in these properties on the behavior of pavement materials. A simple technique to be carried out during conventional laboratory testing was developed. Aspects pertaining to this type of study were evaluated, and the findings were related to low-volume road behavior.

scholarly journals The Impact of Drainage on the Performance of Low Volume Sealed Roads

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6101
Author(s):  
Andrew Otto ◽  
John Rolt ◽  
Kenneth Mukura
Keyword(s):  
Back Analysis ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pavement Materials ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Performance Matrix ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Access

Under the Research for Community Access Partnership (ReCAP) funded by the United Kingdom Aid (UKaid) program, a project entitled ‘Development of Specifications for Low Volume Sealed Roads through Back Analysis’ was carried out. Previous studies on the performance of low volume sealed roads have emphasized the importance of good drainage to ensure good performance. The emphasis has been on providing sealed shoulders, adequate crown height, and adequate camber. These studies have not related these cross-sectional features with materials characteristics. This paper investigates the influence of each of these features on the performance of low volume sealed roads and their relation to pavement materials. The features were considered each one at time, using a matrix of three levels of the value of each feature and three levels of performance categories. Thus, presenting a 3 × 3 performance matrix for each factor. Assessment of the matrices showed that provision of sealed shoulders permits the use of materials of higher plasticity (PI ≤ 16 and PM ≤ 560) without compromising performance compared to that permissible for sections with unsealed shoulders (PI ≤ 10 and PM ≤ 240). These results can be used to supplement existing selection criteria for road base material of low volume roads.

Rural Track Paths on Low-Volume Roads in Austria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 863-873
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Haslehner
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
The Impact

The rural road network in Austria consists of all roads that are neither federal nor provincial roads and serve the purpose of enabling access to the rural area. This low-volume road network includes all municipal roads, farm roads, and forest roads. The total length of these roads amounts to approximately 160,000 km or 80% of the total Austrian road network. The responsibility for construction and maintenance of this rural road network in Austria is split between private persons and public authorities. Within these special circumstances a new technical design guideline for rural track paths has been elaborated in Austria. During this elaboration the experiences and know-how from Germany and Switzerland have been analyzed and taken into consideration. The main part of the paper deals with this new design guideline and shows an innovative way to handle activities in construction and maintenance of low-volume roads realized as single-lane rural track paths. These track paths consist of two load-carrying tracks constructed of asphalt, concrete, surface treatment, or block pavers. The obvious advantages of this tracked paving approach are to reduce the impact of impervious surface types and the impact on the environment. What makes this guideline unique is the fact that it is the first of its kind in Austria to encompass all aspects of planning, design, practical construction, and implementation of rural track paths on low-volume roads.

Repair Costs of Low Volume Roads in Spain

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eutiquio Gallego ◽  
Esperanza Ayuga ◽  
Carlos González-Montellano ◽  
Ana Isabel García ◽  
Francisco Ayuga
Keyword(s):  
Repair Costs ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume

Meeting Challenges of Rural Road Management Caused by Decreasing Population and Changes in Industrial Structure

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Parantainen ◽  
Antti Meriläinen
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Road Management ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Permanent Residents ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
Adequate Condition

The most pronounced characteristics of rural development in Finland in the 1990s include the concentration of population in cities as well as changes in the industrial and production structure. Outlying areas of eastern, northern, and central Finland have experienced the most significant absolute and relative decreases in population in recent years. A 73% share of state-owned public roads and private roads (the lowvolume road network) is located in the areas of decreasing population. Traffic volumes will decline on low-volume roads as rural population decreases and will significantly affect the economy of low-volume road management in the future. In the areas of decreasing population, the greatest problem is to maintain the low-volume road network in adequate condition with reasonable costs to serve permanent residents and the transport needs of agriculture and forestry. The most important measures for meeting the challenges of decreasing population include the allocation of sufficient funding for the management of low-volume roads, which will provide for the basic level of service to meet the necessary needs of citizens and enterprises. Furthermore, a system of “just-for-need road management” should be adopted more widely in the management of low-volume roads. Through this system, the scarce financial resources of public low-volume road management would be allocated as efficiently as possible to meet demand by time and location. It should be noted, however, that savings through just-for-need road management are not necessarily significant, and in some cases costs may even increase. For this reason, each low-volume road segment should be examined separately.

Study & Experimental Analysis of Pervious Concrete In Low Volume Roads

2018 ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Suraj Pinate ◽  
Hitesh Sonawane ◽  
Jayesh Barhate ◽  
Mayur Chaudhari ◽  
Utkarsha Dhok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Pervious Concrete ◽  
Low Volume Roads ◽  
Low Volume
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