scholarly journals TEST OF AN ANIMAL DRAWN FIELD IMPLEMENT CART

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paolo Spugnoli ◽  
Alessandro Parenti ◽  
Piernicola Masella ◽  
Esteban Melani
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
The Mean

The field performance of a horse-drawn hitch cart equipped with a PTO system powered by the two cart ground wheels have been investigated. For this purpose field tests on clay and turf soil, with varying ballast and PTO torque, have been carried out pulling the cart by a tractor. Preliminary tests were aimed at assessing the traction capability of horse breed. These tests showed that the mean draught force given by two of these horses was 173daN, average working speed was about 1m*s-1, resulting a mean draught power developed by each horse of about 0.86kW. The PTO cart system performance has shown that the torque has not exceeded 2.4daN*m, maximum draught or PTO power was 1.15kW, rotation speed just higher than 400min-1, with mean efficiency of about 50%. These values are consistent with horse performance and small haymaking, fertilizing, seeding and chemical application machine requirements.

Partial resistance of Southern Runner, Arachis hypogaea, to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
A. S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Loci

Abstract The susceptibility of 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (eight Virginia and eight runner types) to southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) was evaluated in field tests over three years. Mean disease incidence for all cultivars was 10.0, 15.4 and 16.4 disease loci per 12.2 m row and average yields were 3488, 2826 and 3569 kg/ha in 1986, 1987 and 1988, respectively. Disease incidence averaged 14.3 disease loci per 12.2 m of row for both market types. The mean yield for the eight Virginia types was 3287 kg/ha versus 3214 for the eight runner types. Culitvars within market types varied significantly in disease incidence and pod yield. Of the Virginia types, NC 6 and Florigiant were the most susceptible with NC 9, VA 81B and Early Bunch being the most resistant. Incidence of stem rot in runner cultivars was high except for Southern Runner and Langley which had about 50% less disease than the most susceptible entries. There was a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01) between yields and disease incidence all three years. Overall, Southern Runner had the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield of any cultivar. Compared to Florunner, the current industry standard for runner types, Southern Runner had about 50% less disease and yields were 1346 kg/ha higher.

scholarly journals Application of Nursery Testing in Long-Term White Spruce Improvement Programs

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Kathy Tosh ◽  
Yill Sung Park ◽  
Michele S. Fullarton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Positive Assortative Mating ◽  
The Family ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Polycross-pollinated white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) families were evaluated in field and retrospective nursery tests in 1989, 1991, and 1992, respectively. Height growth was measured at age 10 for the field tests and at ages 1 to 6 for the retrospective nursery tests. Except for a few cases, the family mean correlations between nursery and field heights were significant for the 1989 and 1992 series, and their corresponding genetic correlations ranged from low to medium (from 0.37 to 0.74). Because of heavy noncrop competition, height growth in the 1991 nursery series showed consistently lower heritabilities and correlations with field performance compared with those of the other two series. Early nursery selection by theoretical prediction was generally efficient for the 1989 and 1992 series. Rank classification analysis indicated that application of early nursery selection should be used with caution for identifying elite families but could be used to cull inferior families or clones, apply multiple-stage selection, or perform positive assortative mating.

Design and Field Test of a New Compact Self-Propelled Cabbage Harvester

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Du ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Luxin Xie ◽  
Fanfei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Compact Field ◽  
Cutting Rate ◽  
Traditional Fields ◽  
Mechanical Harvester

Abstract. As a labor-intensive operation, manual harvesting greatly affects cost and therefore profitability in the cabbage industry. A new compact self-propelled cabbage harvester for small, separate fields was designed and field tested. This harvester included a crawler chassis, a picking mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a cutting device, and a leaf separator. Results of preliminary field tests showed that the harvester had good flexibility and maneuverability. Results of field performance tests showed that the harvester could pick cabbages with diameters of 15 to 25 cm, providing a harvesting capacity of 0.21 hm2 h-1 and a harvest loss of 10.2%. Compared with experiments conducted in traditional fields, harvest quality showed an improvement in fields with an experimental cultivation method. The harvest loss was reduced by 5.0%, while the picking rate and accurate cutting rate were improved by 3.0% and 5.4%, respectively. Keywords: Cabbage, Compact, Field test, Mechanical harvester, Self-propelled.

Nephrosplenic space closure significantly decreases recurrent colic in horses: a retrospective analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (21) ◽  
pp. 657-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Arévalo Rodríguez ◽  
Sigrid Grulke ◽  
Alexandra Salciccia ◽  
Geoffroy de la Rebière de Pouyade
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Surgical Closure ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Space Closure ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University

BackgroundNephrosplenic space closure is commonly used to reduce relapse of nephrosplenic space entrapment in cases of left dorsal displacement of the left colon (LDDLC). Nevertheless, studies documenting the effectiveness of this surgery are sparse in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyse clinical data of horses presented for LDDLC and evaluate the effect of nephrosplenic space closure on the incidence of colic recurrence.MethodsMedical records of 156 horses diagnosed with LDDLC at the Equine Clinic of the University of Liège between 2004 and 2016 were retrieved for analysis. Extracted data included horse breed, sex, age and weight, initial treatment, and if a subsequent preventive surgical closure of the nephrosplenic space was carried out or not. Follow-up information was obtained by telephone interview. Statistical analyses were performed using a chi-squared test with significance set at P<0.05.ResultsFollow-up data were available for 65 per cent of horses. The mean follow-up was 35 months. There was a significant decrease in the total incidence of colic after closure surgery compared with non-operated horses. No horse was diagnosed with LDDLC after closure of the nephrosplenic space.ConclusionClosure of the nephrosplenic space significantly decreases recurrent colic in horses compared with non-operated horses.

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Oil-Dispersing Chemicals

1969 ◽  
Vol 1969 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Murphy ◽  
L.T. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Limited Precision

Abstract A procedure for evaluating the effectiveness of oil-dispersing chemicals has been developed. Using the apparatus originally designed for the Navy specification for solvent-emulsifiers, test conditions were adapted to correspond more closely to typical environmental conditions. Test conditions having the greatest effect on dispersant performance included: type of oil, composition of salt water solution, degree of agitation of chemical/oil mixture, and the degree of contact between chemical and oil prior to agitation. Results from this modified procedure, the Simulated Environmental Tank (SET) Test, correspond well with results from simple field tests. Field tests have limited precision and reproducibility. This lack of a reliable index of field performance with which to compare laboratory results hinders refinement of standard test procedures. The SET Test, which produces results corresponding favorably with field performance, to the extent field performance can be determined, and which simulates typical environmental conditions, is proposed as a meaningful interim solution to this problem of dispersant evaluation.

Paper 8: The Dynamic Performance of Tractor–Implement Combinations

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (17) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
M. J. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Forward Speed ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Significant Difference

The dynamic performance of tractor-implement combinations is considered theoretically in terms of the changes in load, weight transfer, and forward speed arising from variations in implement working depth. Two tractors, one having a top-link sensing control system and the other having a lower-link sensing control system, were modified so that the driving wheels ran eccentrically, imparting a sinusoidal variation in working depth to mounted implements and field tests were carried out using mouldboard and chisel ploughs. The draught and vertical forces between the tractors and implements were recorded continuously during the test runs, together with implement working depth, tractor engine speed, and forward speed. Measured variations in draught correlated well with the variations predicted from laboratory measurements of the tractor implement-control system characteristics. It is concluded, therefore, that field performance can be predicted from standard test data if such measurements are incorporated. The theoretical analysis is used to suggest optimum parameters for implement-control systems. With fully-mounted implements, no significant difference was found between top- and lower-link sensing systems which were otherwise similar. Chisel ploughs were shown to be more difficult to control than mouldboard ploughs. Higher sensititivies would be required to retain control at higher working speeds and also for operating semi-mounted implements with lower-link sensing systems. Semi-mounted chisel ploughs are likely to be more easily controlled than fully mounted ones, but semi-mounted mouldboard ploughs would be slightly more difficult to control than fully mounted ones. A small dead-band in the response characteristics of implement-control systems is shown to have negligible effect on performance, and current maximum rates of lift are likely to be adequate for control purposes.

scholarly journals Accuracy and precision in sampling hyporheic fauna

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B G Fraser ◽  
D D Williams
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Filtering Effect ◽  
Practical Constraints

A series of interstitial faunal samples was taken from a riffle in the Speed River, southern Ontario, Canada, to compare the field performance of four hyporheic samplers: the standpipe, colonization, and freeze corers and a pump sampler. Each of the samplers proved useful for collecting purely qualitative data, but statistical differences in some of the measured quantitative parameters were identified. The colonization corer significantly underestimated invertebrate density at each of the depths tested (20, 40, and 60 cm below the surface of the river bed). Taxonomic richness did not differ among the samplers. A sampling bias in the pump sampling method was identified in terms of both the proportion of insect larvae captured and the mean chironomid body size and is probably the result of a filtering effect of the interstices. Sampling precision estimates of density, richness, and organismal size ranged from 20 to 40%, but no pattern among the four samplers for any of the measures was observed. We conclude that, whereas the standpipe and freeze coring methods most effectively characterize the hyporheos, one of the other methods might prove acceptable under specific field circumstances or under certain practical constraints.

An evaluation of the use of dihaploids and unreduced gametes in breeding for quantitative resistance to potato pathogens

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. De Maine
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potato Pathogens ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYIn a breeding programme to combine quantitative resistance to two important potato pathogens, Phytophthora infestans causing late blight in foliage and Qlobodera pallida (the cream potato cyst-nematode), tetraploid (4 ×) off spring were obtained by crossing dihaploids, mainly as females, with tetraploids. Glasshouse and field tests in the first and second tuber-years showed that most of the off spring of highly blight-resistant dihaploids had high resistance to P. infestans. Two such dihaploids, PDH 182 and PDH 247, crossed with a tetraploid selected for high general combining ability for potato cyst-nematode (PCN) resistance, gave off spring all of which were highly blight resistant. About one third also had high PCN resistance.Detached leaflet tests were used for rapid blight resistance screening of other progenies from dihaploid × 4 × crosses in their seedling year. Differences were found in the effects of 4 × parents on the mean resistances of progenies from blight-resistant dihaploids.The results also showed differences between dihaploids in their effectiveness in transmitting blight resistance to 4 × offspring. This could be due to differences in the mode of unreduced female gamete formation, i.e. first division restitution or second division restitution (SDR). If all the unreduced gametes were produced by SDR, the differences could be due to differences in homozygosity between dihaploids with respect to blight resistance genes.The dihaploid × 4 × crosses gave few offspring per pollination. The few seedlings obtained may be offset by a higher frequency with the required characters. Since fewer seedlings would have to be grown in order to find the required combination of characters, savings could be made in planting and resistance-testing facilities over those required in conventional breeding.The tetraploid hybrids obtained can be used in a second cycle of breeding in three ways simultaneously: by crossing with other tetraploids, by crossing with dihaploids selected for complementary characters and to produce dihaploids with combined resistances.

scholarly journals Indigenuous Vocabulary Reformulation for Continuousyorùbá Speech Recognition In M-Commerce Using Acoustic Nudging-Based Gaussian Mixture Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Lydia Ajayi ◽  
Victor Azeta ◽  
Isaac Odun-Ayo ◽  
Ambrose Azeta ◽  
Ajayi Peter Taiwo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Model ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Word Error Rate ◽  
The Mean

Abstract One of the current research areas is speech recognition by aiding in the recognition of speech signals through computer applications. In this research paper, Acoustic Nudging, (AN) Model is used in re-formulating the persistence automatic speech recognition (ASR) errors that involves user’s acoustic irrational behavior which alters speech recognition accuracy. GMM helped in addressing low-resourced attribute of Yorùbá language to achieve better accuracy and system performance. From the simulated results given, it is observed that proposed Acoustic Nudging-based Gaussian Mixture Model (ANGM) improves accuracy and system performance which is evaluated based on Word Recognition Rate (WRR) and Word Error Rate (WER)given by validation accuracy, testing accuracy, and training accuracy. The evaluation results for the mean WRR accuracy achieved for the ANGM model is 95.277% and the mean Word Error Rate (WER) is 4.723%when compared to existing models. This approach thereby reduce error rate by 1.1%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 0.3%, and 1.4% when compared with other models. Therefore this work was able to discover a foundation for advancing current understanding of under-resourced languages and at the same time, development of accurate and precise model for speech recognition.

scholarly journals Airborne point counts: a method for estimating songbird abundance with drones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
McKenzie D. Somers ◽  
Darren B. Glass ◽  
Marisa A. Immordino ◽  
Precious S. Ozoh ◽  
Lauren B. Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
List Type ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Northern Cardinal ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractUsing drones to conduct airborne bioacoustic surveys is a potentially useful new way to estimate the abundance of vocal bird species. Here we show that by using two recording devices suspended from a quadcopter drone it is possible to estimate distances to birds with precision. In an experimental test, the mean error of our estimated distances to a broadcast song across 11 points between 0 and 100 m away was just 3.47 m. In field tests we compared 1-minute airborne counts with 5-minute terrestrial counts at 34 count locations. We found that the airborne counts yielded similar data to the terrestrial point counts for most of the 10 the songbirds included in our analysis, and that the effective detection radii were also similar. However, airborne counts significantly under-detected the Northern Cardinal (χ29 = 22.8, post-hoc test P = 0.007), which we attribute to a behavioral response to the drone. Airborne counts work best for species that vocalize close to the ground and have high frequency-range songs. Under those circumstances, airborne bioacoustics could have several advantages over ground-based surveys, including increased precision, increased repeatability, and easier access in difficult terrain. Further, we show that it is possible to do rapid surveys using airborne techniques, which could lead to the development of much more efficient survey protocols than are possible using traditional survey techniques.Lay SummaryWe show that it is possible to estimate the distance of singing birds from a drone, which then allows bird counts to be converted to true abundance or population densities.Using drones to count birds allows researchers to survey areas that may be difficult or dangerous to access on foot.Airborne counts are potentially a highly efficient and highly repeatable way to estimate populations of vocal bird species.

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