Design and Field Test of a New Compact Self-Propelled Cabbage Harvester

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1243-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Du ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Luxin Xie ◽  
Fanfei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Compact Field ◽  
Cutting Rate ◽  
Traditional Fields ◽  
Mechanical Harvester

Abstract. As a labor-intensive operation, manual harvesting greatly affects cost and therefore profitability in the cabbage industry. A new compact self-propelled cabbage harvester for small, separate fields was designed and field tested. This harvester included a crawler chassis, a picking mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a cutting device, and a leaf separator. Results of preliminary field tests showed that the harvester had good flexibility and maneuverability. Results of field performance tests showed that the harvester could pick cabbages with diameters of 15 to 25 cm, providing a harvesting capacity of 0.21 hm2 h-1 and a harvest loss of 10.2%. Compared with experiments conducted in traditional fields, harvest quality showed an improvement in fields with an experimental cultivation method. The harvest loss was reduced by 5.0%, while the picking rate and accurate cutting rate were improved by 3.0% and 5.4%, respectively. Keywords: Cabbage, Compact, Field test, Mechanical harvester, Self-propelled.

Early Age Performance of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement with Different Types of Aggregate

1997 ◽  
Vol 1568 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Yoon-Ho Cho ◽  
Terry Dossey ◽  
B. Frank Mccullough
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Crack Spacing ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Curing Methods ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
New Variables

The effect of coarse aggregate on pavement performance has been attributed to the volume of aggregate used in pavement construction. The different patterns of crack development for limestone (LS) and siliceous river gravel (SRG) are a typical example of aggregate-induced variable performance in continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP). An attempt was made to find a reasonable solution for pavements with SRG. As a way to solve the performance problem observed from the SRG pavement, a blended aggregates mixture was suggested. Laboratory and field tests were performed to check the feasibility of their application in pavements. From the laboratory test, a 50:50 blending ratio was suggested after considering the effect on tensile strength and thermal coefficient of expansion. Field test sections were also constructed to verify previous performance observations for the two aggregates and to provide performance data for new variables such as blended aggregates and special curing methods. Unexpectedly, the blended mixture did not improve the performance of SRG pavement; rather it experienced worse cracking than SRG alone. A controlled experiment with additional field test sections is needed to verify or disprove this finding. The only definitive finding was that selection of aggregate in the concrete pavement is a vital consideration for the design of the pavement. The CRCP8 analytical program reasonably predicted crack spacing for both SRG and LS pavements, predicting mean crack spacing of 0.99 m (3.25 ft) for SRG and 1.98 m (6.41 ft) for the limestone. These values are somewhat below the actual spacing observed at 100 days. Data collected after the first winter period will be required to calibrate the program.

Numerical simulation and field test study of desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment through flue gas

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-jia Deng ◽  
Liang-ming Pan ◽  
De-qi Chen ◽  
Yu-quan Dong ◽  
Cheng-mu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Desulfurization Wastewater

Aimed at cost saving and pollution reduction, a novel desulfurization wastewater evaporation treatment system (DWETS) for handling wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) wastewater of a coal-fired power plant was studied. The system's advantages include simple process, and less investment and space. The feasibility of this system has been proven and the appropriate position and number of nozzles, the spray droplet size and flue gas temperature limitation have been obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation results show that a longer duct, smaller diameter and higher flue gas temperature could help to increase the evaporation rate. The optimal DWETS design of Shangdu plant is 100 μm droplet sprayed by two nozzles located at the long duct when the flue gas temperature is 130 °C. Field tests were carried out based on the simulation results. The effects of running DWETS on the downstream devices have been studied. The results show that DWETS has a positive impact on ash removal efficiency and does not have any negative impact on the electrostatic precipitator (ESP), flue gas heat exchanger and WFGD. The pH values of the slurry of WFGD slightly increase when the DWETS is running. The simulation and field test of the DWETS show that it is a feasible future technology for desulfurization wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Estimation of Outdoor PM2.5 Infiltration into Multifamily Homes Depending on Building Characteristics Using Regression Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5708
Author(s):  
Bo-Ram Park ◽  
Ye-Seul Eom ◽  
Dong-Hee Choi ◽  
Dong-Hwa Kang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The purpose of this study was to evaluate outdoor PM2.5 infiltration into multifamily homes according to the building characteristics using regression models. Field test results from 23 multifamily homes were analyzed to investigate the infiltration factor and building characteristics including floor area, volume, outer surface area, building age, and airtightness. Correlation and regression analysis were then conducted to identify the building factor that is most strongly associated with the infiltration of outdoor PM2.5. The field tests revealed that the average PM2.5 infiltration factor was 0.71 (±0.19). The correlation analysis of the building characteristics and PM2.5 infiltration factor revealed that building airtightness metrics (ACH50, ELA/FA, and NL) had a statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation (r = 0.70, 0.69, and 0.68, respectively) with the infiltration factor. Following the correlation analysis, a regression model for predicting PM2.5 infiltration based on the ACH50 airtightness index was proposed. The study confirmed that the outdoor-origin PM2.5 concentration in highly leaky units could be up to 1.59 times higher than that in airtight units.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Practitioner Judgments of the Social Validity of Performance Checklists and Parent Practice Guides

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Dunst
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Social Validity ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Early Childhood Intervention ◽  
The Social ◽  
Childhood Intervention ◽  
Made In

Findings from three field tests evaluations of early childhood intervention practitioner performance checklists and three parent practice guides are reported. Forty-two practitioners from three early childhood intervention programs reviewed the checklists and practice guides and made (1) social validity judgments of both products, (2) judgments of the compatibility of the checklists and practice guides, and (3) suggestions for improving the intervention products and materials. Results showed that practitioner feedback and suggestions yielded valuable information for improving the products where changes made in response to the practitioners’ social validity ratings and suggestions from the first field test had discernible effects on judgments and feedback of revised products. The importance of striving to develop intervention products and materials that are judged as socially important and acceptable is described.

The importance of aerodynamics for prosthetic limb design used by competitive cyclists with an amputation: An introduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Competitive Cyclists

Background/Objectives: This study introduces the importance of the aerodynamics to prosthetic limb design for athletes with either a lower-limb or upper-limb amputation. Study design: The study comprises two elements: 1) An initial experiment investigating the stability of outdoor velodrome-based field tests, and 2) An experiment evaluating the application of outdoor velodrome aerodynamic field tests to detect small-scale changes in aerodynamic drag respective of prosthetic limb componentry changes. Methods: An outdoor field-testing method is used to detect small and repeatable changes in the aerodynamic drag of an able-bodied cyclist. These changes were made at levels typical of alterations in prosthetic componentry. The field-based test method of assessment is used at a smaller level of resolution than previously reported. Results: With a carefully applied protocol, the field test method proved to be statistically stable. The results of the field test experiments demonstrate a noticeable change in overall athlete performance. Aerodynamic refinement of artificial limbs is worthwhile for athletes looking to maximise their competitive performance. Conclusion: A field-testing method illustrates the importance of the aerodynamic optimisation of prosthetic limb components. The field-testing protocol undertaken in this study gives an accessible and affordable means of doing so by prosthetists and sports engineers. Clinical relevance Using simple and accessible field-testing methods, this exploratory experiment demonstrates how small changes to riders’ equipment, consummate of the scale of a small change in prosthetics componentry, can affect the performance of an athlete. Prosthetists should consider such opportunities for performance enhancement when possible.

scholarly journals Field Test Investigation of the Pile Jacking Performance for Prefabricated Square Rigid-Drainage Piles in Saturated Silt Sandy Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Excess Pore Water Pressure ◽  
New Type ◽  
Test Investigation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excess Pore

The rigid-drainage pile, designed to accelerate the dissipation of excess pore water pressure around the pile, is a new type of pile that combines the bearing capacity of ordinary rigid piles and the draining capacity of gravel piles. Field tests of these new piles were performed for the first time at a construction site in the new campus of Jiangyin No. 1 High School. Numerous parameters were observed for the test piles in many trials, including the excess pore water pressures, horizontal soil pressures, and displacements. At the measuring position at 0.6 m from the pile center, the rigid-drainage pile dissipates 70% of the peak excess pore water pressure in 1000 s, whereas the ordinary pile requires nearly 4000 s to dissipate the identical amplitude. The field test results clearly demonstrate that the rigid-drainage pile can reduce the amplitude of the peak pressure caused by piling in the liquefiable layer, quickly dissipate the excess pore water pressure, reduce the loss of effective stress in the soil surrounding the pile, and maintain the foundation stability.

scholarly journals Application of Nursery Testing in Long-Term White Spruce Improvement Programs

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Kathy Tosh ◽  
Yill Sung Park ◽  
Michele S. Fullarton
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Positive Assortative Mating ◽  
The Family ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Polycross-pollinated white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) families were evaluated in field and retrospective nursery tests in 1989, 1991, and 1992, respectively. Height growth was measured at age 10 for the field tests and at ages 1 to 6 for the retrospective nursery tests. Except for a few cases, the family mean correlations between nursery and field heights were significant for the 1989 and 1992 series, and their corresponding genetic correlations ranged from low to medium (from 0.37 to 0.74). Because of heavy noncrop competition, height growth in the 1991 nursery series showed consistently lower heritabilities and correlations with field performance compared with those of the other two series. Early nursery selection by theoretical prediction was generally efficient for the 1989 and 1992 series. Rank classification analysis indicated that application of early nursery selection should be used with caution for identifying elite families but could be used to cull inferior families or clones, apply multiple-stage selection, or perform positive assortative mating.

scholarly journals TEST OF AN ANIMAL DRAWN FIELD IMPLEMENT CART

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paolo Spugnoli ◽  
Alessandro Parenti ◽  
Piernicola Masella ◽  
Esteban Melani
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
The Mean

The field performance of a horse-drawn hitch cart equipped with a PTO system powered by the two cart ground wheels have been investigated. For this purpose field tests on clay and turf soil, with varying ballast and PTO torque, have been carried out pulling the cart by a tractor. Preliminary tests were aimed at assessing the traction capability of horse breed. These tests showed that the mean draught force given by two of these horses was 173daN, average working speed was about 1m*s-1, resulting a mean draught power developed by each horse of about 0.86kW. The PTO cart system performance has shown that the torque has not exceeded 2.4daN*m, maximum draught or PTO power was 1.15kW, rotation speed just higher than 400min-1, with mean efficiency of about 50%. These values are consistent with horse performance and small haymaking, fertilizing, seeding and chemical application machine requirements.

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