scholarly journals Influence of pigskin on Salmonella contamination of pig carcasses and cutting lines in an Italian slaughterhouse

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Bonardi ◽  
Ilaria Bruini ◽  
Irene Alpigiani ◽  
Alice Vismarra ◽  
Elena Barilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Sampling Session ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Ninety pig carcasses and twenty one food contact surfaces (FCSs) were tested for <em>Salmonella</em> in a slaughterhouse processing <em>ca.</em> 380 pigs/h between 2014-2015. Sampling was performed during seven sessions. Four carcass sites of 100 cm<sup>2</sup> each (back, belly, jowl externally, and the diaphragmatic area internally) were swabbed after evisceration. Meat conveyors and dressing tables were tested swabbing areas of 200 to 400 cm<sup>2</sup>. After pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water, samples were tested by <em>Salmonella</em> MDS<sup>®</sup> assay and the presumptive positives were confirmed by the ISO 6579 method. <em>Salmonella</em> isolates were serotyped following the Kauffman- White-Le Minor scheme and genotyped by XbaI pulsed field gel electrophoresis. <em>Salmonella</em> was isolated from 16/90 [17.8%; confidence interval (CI) 95%=11.2-26.9] carcasses and 4/21 (19.0%; CI 95%=7.7-40.0) FCSs. Four serovars were identified on carcasses. <em>S. enterica</em> 4,[5],12:i:- was the most prevalent (43.75%), followed by <em>S.</em> Rissen (31.25%), <em>S.</em> Derby (12.5%) and <em>S.</em> Bovismorbificans (12.5%). Two serovars were found on FCSs, namely S. Derby (75%) and <em>S.</em> Livingstone (25%). During one sampling session, a failure in carcass dehairing occurred and caused significantly higher prevalence of carcass contamination (60%) than in the remaining sessions. Moreover, in the same session, <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence was marginally significantly higher on FCSs than in the remaining sampling days, suggesting that dehairing affects contamination not only on carcasses, but also on the working surfaces.

A prevalence study ofSalmonellaspp.,Yersiniaspp.,Toxoplasma gondiiand porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in UK pigs at slaughter

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 1538-1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. POWELL ◽  
T. E. A. CHENEY ◽  
S. WILLIAMSON ◽  
E. GUY ◽  
R. P. SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Caecal Content ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Carcass Contamination

SUMMARYAn abattoir-based study was undertaken between January and May 2013 to estimate the prevalence ofSalmonellaspp. andYersiniaspp. carriage and seroprevalence of antibodies toToxoplasma gondii andporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) in UK pigs at slaughter. In total, 626 pigs were sampled at 14 abattoirs that together process 80% of the annual UK pig slaughter throughput. Sampling was weighted by abattoir throughput and sampling dates and pig carcasses were randomly selected. Rectal swabs, blood samples, carcass swabs and the whole caecum, tonsils, heart and tongue were collected.Salmonellaspp. was isolated from 30·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26·5–34·6] of caecal content samples but only 9·6% (95% CI 7·3–11·9) of carcass swabs, which was significantly lower than in a UK survey in 2006–2007.S.Typhimurium andS.4,[5],12:i:- were the most commonly isolated serovars, followed byS.Derby andS.Bovismorbificans. The prevalence ofYersinia enterocoliticacarriage in tonsils was 28·7% (95% CI 24·8–32·7) whereas carcass contamination was much lower at 1·8% (95% CI 0·7–2·8). The seroprevalence of antibodies toToxoplasma gondiiand PRRSv was 7·4% (95% CI 5·3–9·5) and 58·3% (95% CI 53·1–63·4), respectively. This study provides a comparison to previous abattoir-based prevalence surveys forSalmonellaandYersinia, and the first UK-wide seroprevalence estimates for antibodies toToxoplasmaand PRRSv in pigs at slaughter.

Presence of Salmonella in the Red Meat Abattoir Lairage after Routine Cleansing and Disinfection and on Carcasses

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2342-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SMALL ◽  
C. JAMES ◽  
S. JAMES ◽  
R. DAVIES ◽  
E. LIEBANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Cull Cow

Foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella, may remain in abattoir lairages after cleansing and pose a risk of transfer and contamination from one processing day to the next. These organisms may be transferred to the outer surface of animals held in lairage facilities, and the skin or hide may be a significant source of microbial contamination on the red meat carcasses subsequently produced. Sponge samples were taken from various sites in the lairage (n = 556), and single-pass sponge samples were taken from one side of red meat carcasses (n = 1,050) at five commercial abattoirs in Southwest England and tested for the presence of Salmonella. Of these, 6.5% of lairage samples were positive, containing estimated numbers of up to 104 Salmonella organisms per sampled area (50 by 50 cm). Salmonella was found on 9.6% of 240 lamb carcasses, 12.7% of 330 beef carcasses, 31% of 70 pig carcasses, 20% of 80 calf carcasses younger than 14 days of age, and none of 330 cull cow and bull carcasses. Subtyping divided the 137 isolates into seven serogroups and three pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters, and sensitivity testing against a bank of 16 antimicrobials indicated that 47 isolates had resistance to one or more antimicrobial agents. These results indicate that Salmonella contamination can persist in the lairage environment from one processing day to the next and that Salmonella is present on red meat carcasses, although the implications of residual lairage contamination on carcass meat microbiology are not clear from this study. Abattoir owners should take steps to reduce the level of contamination in their premises to prevent contamination from being carried over from one processing day to the next.

Prevalence and Amounts of Salmonella Found on Raw California Inshell Pistachios

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA J. HARRIS ◽  
VANESSA LIEBERMAN ◽  
RUPINDER P. MASHIANA ◽  
EDWARD ATWILL ◽  
MAI YANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Mechanical Abrasion ◽  
Tree Nuts

ABSTRACT After harvest, pistachios are hulled with mechanical abrasion and then separated in a float tank containing water; the nuts that float (~15%; floaters) and those that sink (~85%; sinkers) are dried and stored separately. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella in pistachios, a total of 3,966 samples (1,032 floaters and 2,934 sinkers) were collected within 4 months of the 2010, 2011, and 2012 harvests from storage silos (12 samples from each silo, in most cases) and were stored at 4°C; 100-g subsamples were enriched for the presence of Salmonella. Twenty-one of the floater samples and 11 of the sinker samples were positive for Salmonella: 2.0% prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.1%) and 0.37% prevalence (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.67%), respectively, for a weighted average prevalence of 0.61%. Levels of Salmonella were determined for positive samples using a most-probable-number (MPN) method with multiple 50-g, three 5.6-g, and three 0.56-g subsamples. Geometric mean levels of Salmonella in floaters and sinkers were 0.66 MPN/100 g (0.14 to 5.3 MPN/100 g) and 0.18 MPN/100 g (0.10 to 0.62 MPN/100 g), respectively. Seven different serovars were identified among the isolates, with nine pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprints; as many as four serovars were isolated from some samples. Salmonella serovars Montevideo (44%), Enteritidis (19%), Senftenberg (16%), Worthington (12%), and Liverpool (9.4%) were most commonly isolated from the initial 100-g samples. The prevalence and levels of Salmonella in pistachios are within those observed for other tree nuts, but the limited number of serovars isolated suggests a narrow and persistent contamination source.

Listeria monocytogenes in Five Sardinian Swine Slaughterhouses: Prevalence, Serotype, and Genotype Characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1863-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMENICO MELONI ◽  
FRANCESCA PIRAS ◽  
ANNA MUREDDU ◽  
FEDERICA FOIS ◽  
SIMONETTA GIANNA CONSOLATI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Restriction Profiles ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Slaughtered Pigs

In a 3-year study (2008 to 2011) to estimate the prevalence and the contamination sources of Listeria monocytogenes in pork meat in Sardinia, Italy, 211 samples were collected from five Sardinian swine slaughterhouses: 171 samples from slaughtered pigs and 40 from the slaughterhouse environment. Fifty L. monocytogenes isolates were characterized by PCR-based serotyping, presence of virulence-associated genes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis restriction analysis. The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 33% in swine carcasses, 7% in cecal material, 23% on meat contact surfaces, and 25% on noncontact surfaces. Only two serotypes were detected: 1/2c (78%) and 1/2a (22%). In all, based on the presence of virulence-associated genes, eight pathogenic profiles were detected. Only 42% of all isolates carried the full complement of virulence-associated genes and were allotted to profile 1. Six pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles persisted in the slaughterhouses; restriction profiles appeared to be specific to each plant.

scholarly journals Isolation of VanA-Type Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Strains from Domestic Poultry Products with Enrichment by Incubation in Buffered Peptone Water at 42�C

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 5317-5320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Harada ◽  
Masashi Kanki ◽  
Takao Kawai ◽  
Masumi Taguchi ◽  
Tsutomu Asao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Eight VanA-type enterococcal strains were isolated from 8 of 171 domestic poultry products by using enrichment by incubation in buffered peptone water at 35�C and 42�C. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of all six VanA-type Enterococcus faecalis isolates were nearly indistinguishable, indicating the presence of a specific clone in Japan.

scholarly journals Energy Conservation and the Promotion ofLegionella pneumophilaGrowth: The Probable Role of Heat Exchangers in a Nosocomial Outbreak

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Bédard ◽  
Simon Lévesque ◽  
Philippe Martin ◽  
Linda Pinsonneault ◽  
Kiran Paranjape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Water System ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Nosocomial Outbreak ◽  
Hospital Acquired

OBJECTIVETo determine the source of aLegionella pneumophilaserogroup 5 nosocomial outbreak and the role of the heat exchanger installed on the hot water system within the previous year.SETTINGA 400-bed tertiary care university hospital in Sherbrooke, Canada.METHODSHot water samples were collected and cultured forL. pneumophilafrom 25 taps (baths and sinks) within wing A and 9 taps in wing B. Biofilm (5) and 2 L water samples (3) were collected within the heat exchangers forL. pneumophilaculture and detection of protists. Sequence-based typing was performed on strain DNA extracts and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were analyzed.RESULTSFollowing 2 cases of hospital-acquired legionellosis, the hot water system investigation revealed a large proportion ofL. pneumophilaserogroup 5 positive taps (22/25 in wing A and 5/9 in wing B). High positivity was also detected in the heat exchanger of wing A in water samples (3/3) and swabs from the heat exchanger (4/5). The outbreak genotyping investigation identified the hot water system as the source of infections. Genotyping results revealed that all isolated environmental strains harbored the same related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern and sequence-based type.CONCLUSIONSTwo cases of hospital-acquired legionellosis occurred in the year following the installation of a heat exchanger to preheat hospital hot water. No cases were reported previously, although the sameL. pneumophilastrain was isolated from the hot water system in 1995. The heat exchanger promotedL. pneumophilagrowth and may have contributed to confirmed clinical cases.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2016;1475–1480

scholarly journals Detection of Carbapenemase Genes in Aquatic Environments in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 4380-4383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Felipe Machado de Araujo ◽  
Dalton Marcondes Silva ◽  
Marcos Tavares Carneiro ◽  
Sthefanie Ribeiro ◽  
Marcela Fontana-Maurell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACTThis study reveals the presence of different carbapenemase genes (blaKPC,blaNDM,blaGES, andblaOXA48-likegenes) detected directly from water samples and clonal dispersion (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] and multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) of KPC-2-producingEnterobacteriaceaein two important urban aquatic matrixes from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlighting the role of aquatic environments as gene pools and the possibility of community spreading.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Cohort of Weaned, Preconditioned Range Beef Calves

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2391-2396 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN R. DUNN ◽  
JAMES E. KEEN ◽  
RON DEL VECCHIO ◽  
THOMAS E. WITTUM ◽  
R. ALEX THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Pulsed Field

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157) is an important cause of foodborne disease. Cattle are reservoirs for the bacteria and are implicated in transmission to humans. Prevalence data in prefeedlot calves are limited. With the use of sensitive methods, a cohort of weaned beef calves (n = 408) was sampled before and after preconditioning to estimate fecal point prevalence and describe changes in EC O157 fecal shedding. EC O157 isolates were confirmed and characterized by PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Calves from 29 cow-calf farms were commingled at three preconditioning sites and placed on a transition ration containing oxytetracycline (200 g/ton) for 45 days. Initial animal-level fecal point prevalence was 2.5% (95% confidence interval, 1 to 5) with a herd-level prevalence of 17.2% (95% confidence interval, 6 to 36). Point prevalence following the preconditioning feeding period was 0%. An unexpected finding in our study was EC O157 isolates that were Shiga toxin–deficient. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes of EC O157 were unique in epidemiologically unlinked herds, except one herd that had two unique subtypes. We expected, but observed, neither increased fecal shedding in the cohort nor horizontal transmission of unique EC O157 subtypes. The absence of fecal shedding following the 45-day feeding period might be attributable to seasonal influences, inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline in the transition ration, or transient colonization that ended before sampling. EC O157 is apparently widely dispersed at low prevalence in U.S. prefeedlot, weaned calves.

Acinetobacter baumannii: Association between Environmental Contamination of Patient Rooms and Occupant Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Silvia Munoz-Price ◽  
Nicholas Namias ◽  
Timothy Cleary ◽  
Yovanit Fajardo-Aquino ◽  
Dennise DePascale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Pulsed Field

We aimed to determine the association between the presence ofAcinetobacter baumanniiin patient rooms and the carrier status of the occupants. Fifty-six (39%) of 143 rooms withA. baumannii– positive patients had results positive forA. baumannii.Only 49 (10%) of 485 rooms withA. baumannii-negative patients were positive (odds ratio, 5.72 [95% confidence interval, 3.66–8.96];P< .0001). Clinical and environmental isolates shared pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns.

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