scholarly journals On the transferability of tissue engineering technologies to the design of tissue models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Ciardelli
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Tissue Models ◽  
Insight Into

3D tissue-engineered models are promising tools in the screening and evaluation of drugs and therapies as well as in the investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in disease onset and progression. In this context, we describe our efforts in soft tissue replication, to design in vitro models that have the potential to provide better insight into the development of ageing process and related pathologies, with particular reference to the cardiovascular field.

scholarly journals 3D Printing Breast Tissue Models: A Review of Past Work and Directions for Future Work

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantell Cleversey ◽  
Meghan Robinson ◽  
Stephanie M. Willerth
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffolds ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Tissue Models

Breast cancer often results in the removal of the breast, creating a need for replacement tissue. Tissue engineering offers the promise of generating such replacements by combining cells with biomaterial scaffolds and serves as an attractive potential alternative to current surgical repair methods. Such engineered tissues can also serve as important tools for drug screening and provide in vitro models for analysis. 3D bioprinting serves as an exciting technology with significant implications and applications in the field of tissue engineering. Here we review the work that has been undertaken in hopes of generating the recognized in-demand replacement breast tissue using different types of bioprinting. We then offer suggestions for future work needed to advance this field for both in vitro and in vivo applications.

scholarly journals 3D bioprinting technology for regenerative medicine applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi ◽  
Sakandar Rauf ◽  
Charlotte Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Organ Printing ◽  
Tissue Models

Alternative strategies that overcome existing organ transplantation methods are of increasing importance be-cause of ongoing demands and lack of adequate organ donors. Recent improvements in tissue engineering techniques offer improved solutions to this problem and will influence engineering and medicinal applications. Tissue engineering employs the synergy of cells, growth factors and scaffolds besides others with the aim to mimic the native extracellular matrix for tissue regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has been explored to create organs for transplanta-tion, medical implants, prosthetics, in vitro models and 3D tissue models for drug testing. In addition, it is emerging as a powerful technology to provide patients with severe disease conditions with personalized treatments. Challenges in tis-sue engineering include the development of 3D scaffolds that closely resemble native tissues. In this review, existing printing methods such as extrusion-based, robotic dispensing, cellular inkjet, laser-assisted printing and integrated tissue organ printing (ITOP) are examined. Also, natural and synthetic polymers and their blends as well as peptides that are exploited as bioinks are discussed with emphasis on regenerative medicine applications. Furthermore, applications of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine, evolving strategies and future perspectives are summarized.

scholarly journals The Role of Biomimetic Hypoxia on Cancer Cell Behaviour in 3D Models: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Zahra Mohri ◽  
Wissal Alsheikh ◽  
Umber Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tissue Models

The development of biomimetic, human tissue models is recognized as being an important step for transitioning in vitro research findings to the native in vivo response. Oftentimes, 2D models lack the necessary complexity to truly recapitulate cellular responses. The introduction of physiological features into 3D models informs us of how each component feature alters specific cellular response. We conducted a systematic review of research papers where the focus was the introduction of key biomimetic features into in vitro models of cancer, including 3D culture and hypoxia. We analysed outcomes from these and compiled our findings into distinct groupings to ascertain which biomimetic parameters correlated with specific responses. We found a number of biomimetic features which primed cancer cells to respond in a manner which matched in vivo response.

Formation, translocation and resolution of Holliday junctions during homologous genetic recombination

1995 ◽  
Vol 347 (1319) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Holliday Junctions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endonucleolytic Cleavage ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Over the past three or four years, great strides have been made in our understanding of the proteins involved in recombination and the mechanisms by which recombinant molecules are formed. This review summarizes our current understanding of the process by focusing on recent studies of proteins involved in the later steps of recombination in bacteria. In particular, biochemical investigation of the in vitro properties of the E. coli RuvA, RuvB and RuvC proteins have provided our first insight into the novel molecular mechanisms by which Holliday junctions are moved along DNA and then resolved by endonucleolytic cleavage.

scholarly journals Molecular Aspects of Varicella-Zoster Virus Latency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Depledge ◽  
Tomohiko Sadaoka ◽  
Werner J. D. Ouwendijk
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
New Era ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Virus Latency ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection causes varicella (chickenpox) and the establishment of a lifelong latent infection in ganglionic neurons. VZV reactivates in about one-third of infected individuals to cause herpes zoster, often accompanied by neurological complications. The restricted host range of VZV and, until recently, the lack of suitable in vitro models to study VZV latency have seriously hampered molecular studies of viral latency. Nevertheless, recent technological advances facilitated a series of exciting studies that resulted in the discovery of a VZV latency-associated transcript (VLT) and have redefined our understanding of VZV latency and factors that initiate reactivation. Together, these findings pave the way for a new era of research that may finally unravel the precise molecular mechanisms that govern latency. In this review, we will summarize the implications of recent discoveries in the VZV latency field from both a virus and host perspective and provide a roadmap for future studies.

scholarly journals Bioreactors as physiologicallike in vitro models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mantero ◽  
Federica Boschetti
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
In Vitro Development ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Tissue Models ◽  
Mechanical Stretching

Bioreactors are powerful tools for in vitro development of engineered substitutes through controlled biological, physical, and mechanical culture conditions: bioreactor technology allows a closer in vitro replication of native tissues. One of bioreactors applications is the design of in vitro 3D tissue models as a bridge between 2D and in vivo models, allowing the application of 3R (replacement, reduction, refinement) principle. To this aim, bioreactors can be used to culture cells seeded on engineered scaffolds under in vivo-like conditions. Another key use of bioreactors is for perfusion decellularization of tissues and organs to be used as scaffolds. This contribution describes a dynamic stretching. bioreactor, imposing a mechanical stretching to the cultured constructs, allowing the development of skeletal muscle engineered constructs, and a decellularization bioreactor, designed for decellularization of blood vessels.

scholarly journals Hydrogels for Liver Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shicheng Ye ◽  
Jochem W.B. Boeter ◽  
Louis C. Penning ◽  
Bart Spee ◽  
Kerstin Schneeberger
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Liver Tissue Engineering ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
End Stage

Bioengineered livers are promising in vitro models for drug testing, toxicological studies, and as disease models, and might in the future be an alternative for donor organs to treat end-stage liver diseases. Liver tissue engineering (LTE) aims to construct liver models that are physiologically relevant. To make bioengineered livers, the two most important ingredients are hepatic cells and supportive materials such as hydrogels. In the past decades, dozens of hydrogels have been developed to act as supportive materials, and some have been used for in vitro models and formed functional liver constructs. However, currently none of the used hydrogels are suitable for in vivo transplantation. Here, the histology of the human liver and its relationship with LTE is introduced. After that, significant characteristics of hydrogels are described focusing on LTE. Then, both natural and synthetic materials utilized in hydrogels for LTE are reviewed individually. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on a comparison of the different hydrogels and their characteristics and ideal hydrogels are proposed to promote LTE.

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