scholarly journals Drug-free antibacterial polymers for biomedical applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Idrees ◽  
Patrícia Varela ◽  
Francesca Ruini ◽  
Jeddah Marie Vasquez ◽  
Jochen Salber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Polymeric Biomaterials ◽  
Antibacterial Polymers ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
New Strategies

Microbial colonization on biomaterials is the main cause of failure of a successful implantation. In fact, local infections can eventually evolve in severe sepsis that might finally end up in a multi-organ failure and death of the patient.  Besides, infection has become one of the toughest problems in the medical world, as microorganisms become more resistant to known drugs. Scientific research has been focussing on exploring new strategies to combat this life-threatening problem. In this review, information was collected about currently used polymeric biomaterials in the medical field and the main bacterial infections associated with their implantation. Furthermore, drug-free strategies to overcome this complication are explored, and the existing methodology required for assessment of the antibacterial activity is also described.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials as Delivery Vehicles and Components of New Strategies to Combat Bacterial Infections: Advantages and Limitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Naskar ◽  
Kwang-sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
New Strategies

Life-threatening bacterial infections have been well-controlled by antibiotic therapies and this approach has greatly improved the health and lifespan of human beings. However, the rapid and worldwide emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria has forced researchers to find alternative treatments for MDR infections as MDR bacteria can sometimes resist all the present day antibiotic therapies. In this respect, nanomaterials have emerged as innovative antimicrobial agents that can be a potential solution against MDR bacteria. The present review discusses the advantages of nanomaterials as potential medical means and carriers of antibacterial activity, the types of nanomaterials used for antibacterial agents, strategies to tackle toxicity of nanomaterials for clinical applications, and limitations which need extensive studies to overcome. The current progress of using different types of nanomaterials, including new emerging strategies for the single purpose of combating bacterial infections, is also discussed in detail.

scholarly journals A Critical Review on Polymeric Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3015
Author(s):  
Cheirmadurai Kalirajan ◽  
Amey Dukle ◽  
Arputharaj Joseph Nathanael ◽  
Tae-Hwan Oh ◽  
Geetha Manivasagam
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Polymeric Biomaterials ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Hard Tissue Engineering ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
New Strategies

Natural and synthetic polymers have been explored for many years in the field of tissue engineering and regeneration. Researchers have developed many new strategies to design successful advanced polymeric biomaterials. In this review, we summarized the recent notable advancements in the preparation of smart polymeric biomaterials with self-healing and shape memory properties. We also discussed novel approaches used to develop different forms of polymeric biomaterials such as films, hydrogels and 3D printable biomaterials. In each part, the applications of the biomaterials in soft and hard tissue engineering with their in vitro and in vivo effects are underlined. The future direction of the polymeric biomaterials that could pave a path towards successful clinical implications is also underlined in this review.

scholarly journals Novel HAX1 Gene Mutation in a Vietnamese Boy with Severe Congenital Neutropenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tham Thi Tran ◽  
Quang Van Vu ◽  
Taizo Wada ◽  
Akihiro Yachie ◽  
Huong Le Thi Minh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Severe Neutropenia ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Severe Congenital Neutropenia ◽  
Congenital Neutropenia ◽  
Direct Dna Sequencing ◽  
Life Threatening

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare disease that involves a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases. Mutations in the HAX1 gene can cause an autosomal recessive form of SCN-characterized low blood neutrophil count from birth, increased susceptibility to recurrent and life-threatening infections, and preleukemia predisposition. A 7-year-old boy was admitted due to life-threatening infections, mental retardation, and severe neutropenia. He had early-onset bacterial infections, and his serial complete blood count showed persistent severe neutropenia. One older sister and one older brother of the patient died at the age of 6 months and 5 months, respectively, because of severe infection. Bone marrow analysis revealed a maturation arrest at the promyelocyte/myelocyte stage with few mature neutrophils. In direct DNA sequencing analysis, we found a novel homozygous frameshift mutation (c.423_424insG, p.Gly143fs) in the HAX1 gene, confirming the diagnosis of SCN. The patient was successfully treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and antibiotics. A child with early-onset recurrent infections and neutropenia should be considered to be affected with SCN. Genetic analysis is useful to confirm diagnosis. Timely diagnosis and suitable treatment with G-CSF and antibiotics are important to prevent further complication.

scholarly journals Technologies to address antimicrobial resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (51) ◽  
pp. 12887-12895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Baker ◽  
David J. Payne ◽  
Rino Rappuoli ◽  
Ennio De Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Bacterial Outer Membrane

Bacterial infections have been traditionally controlled by antibiotics and vaccines, and these approaches have greatly improved health and longevity. However, multiple stakeholders are declaring that the lack of new interventions is putting our ability to prevent and treat bacterial infections at risk. Vaccine and antibiotic approaches still have the potential to address this threat. Innovative vaccine technologies, such as reverse vaccinology, novel adjuvants, and rationally designed bacterial outer membrane vesicles, together with progress in polysaccharide conjugation and antigen design, have the potential to boost the development of vaccines targeting several classes of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, new approaches to deliver small-molecule antibacterials into bacteria, such as hijacking active uptake pathways and potentiator approaches, along with a focus on alternative modalities, such as targeting host factors, blocking bacterial virulence factors, monoclonal antibodies, and microbiome interventions, all have potential. Both vaccines and antibacterial approaches are needed to tackle the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and both areas have the underpinning science to address this need. However, a concerted research agenda and rethinking of the value society puts on interventions that save lives, by preventing or treating life-threatening bacterial infections, are needed to bring these ideas to fruition.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE HEXANIC EXTRACT OF TAGETES LUCIDA ON THE INHIBITION OF THE GROWTH OF ENTEROBACTERIA SHIGELLA FLEXNERI AND SALMONELLA TYPHI

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Jorge Ángel Almeida-Villegas ◽  
Rodolfo García-Contreras ◽  
Miriam Deyanira Rodríguez ◽  
Yahira Katherine Porras-Hernández ◽  
Meliksetyan Lilit Surenovna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
New Strategies

Antibiotic resistance increases the search for new strategies to combat the diseases they cause, and the use of medicinal plants represents a highly effective and valuable strategy, such as the use of Tagetes lucida with different gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Objective: To evaluate the biological activity of the hexane extract of the Tagetes lucida plant at different concentrations on the inhibition of growth in plaque and tube of two enterobacteriaceae, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi Methods: In the following work, a hexane extract from Tagetes lucida was evaluated on the growth inhibition of two enterobacteriaceae, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi using different concentrations of vehicle to evaluate if it affected bacterial growth and also different concentrations of extract to evaluate activity. Results: Once the studies were carried out in triplicate, it was possible to specify that from 75µl/µg of extract, almost total inhibition of the growth of both bacteria was achieved, both in the plate method and in the tube method. And from 100 µl/µg total inhibition is achieved. Conclusions: The favorable results obtained with 75 µl/ µg, confirm that medicinal plant extracts are an important strategy to combat multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. On the other hand, it allows a study to be carried out to evaluate the most active metabolites of the extract, as well as the mechanism of action on the inhibition of the growth of the bacteria under study.

scholarly journals Mass Spectrometric Quantification of the Antimicrobial Peptide Pep19-2.5 with Stable Isotope Labeling and Acidic Hydrolysis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Sabrina Wohlfart ◽  
Michael Kilian ◽  
Philip Storck ◽  
Thomas Gutsmann ◽  
Klaus Brandenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Isotope Labeling ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Acidic Hydrolysis ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Valuable Procedure ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Precise Quantification ◽  
Extraction Properties ◽  
Novel Method

Sepsis is the number one cause of death in intensive care units. This life-threatening condition is caused by bacterial infections and triggered by endotoxins of Gram-negative bacteria that leads to an overreaction of the immune system. The synthetic anti-lipopolysaccharide peptide Pep19-2.5 is a promising candidate for the treatment of sepsis as it binds sepsis-inducing lipopolysaccharides and thus prevents initiation of septic shock. For clinical evaluation precise quantification of the peptide in blood and tissue is required. As the peptide is not extractable from biological samples by commonly used methods there is a need for a new analysis method that does not rely on extraction of the peptide. In order to quantify the peptide by mass spectrometry, the peptide was synthesized containing 13C9,15N1-labeled phenylalanine residues. This modification offers high stability during acidic hydrolysis. Following acidic hydrolysis of the samples, the concentration of 13C9,15N1-labeled phenylalanine determined by LC-MS could be unambiguously correlated to the content of Pep19-2.5. Further experiments validated the accuracy of the data. Moreover, the quantification of Pep19-2.5 in different tissues (as studied in Wistar rats) was shown to provide comparable results to the results obtained with radioactively-labeled (14C) Pep19-2.5- Radioactive labeling is considered as the gold standard for quantification of compounds that refrain from reliable extraction methods. This novel method represents a valuable procedure for the determination of Pep19-2.5 and sticky peptides with unpredictable extraction properties in general.

Hypertensive emergency and seizures during haemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e242471
Author(s):  
Shraddha Murali ◽  
Srinivas Vinayak Shenoy ◽  
Ravindra Attur Prabhu ◽  
Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Atypical Clinical Presentation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Infected Material

Intracranial abscesses are uncommon, serious and life-threatening infections. A brain abscess is caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local or remote infectious sources. Patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis are prone to invasive bacterial infections like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) especially in the presence of central venous catheters or arteriovenous grafts. However, intracranial abscess formation due to MRSA is rare. Here, we present a case of MRSA brain abscess with an atypical clinical presentation in the absence of traditional risk factors.Intracranial abscesses are uncommon, serious, and life-threatening infections. A Brain abscess is caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local or remote infectious sources. Patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis are prone to invasive bacterial infections like methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) especially in the presence of central venous catheters or arterio-venous grafts. However intracranial abscess formation due to MRSA is rare. Here we present a case of MRSA brain abscess with an atypical clinical presentation in the absence of traditional risk factors. A 46-year-old male with chronic kidney disease (CKD) secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis, on haemodialysis for 4 years through a left brachio-cephalic AVF developed an episode of generalised tonic-clonic seizures lasting 2 min during his scheduled dialysis session. He reported no complaints before entry to the dialysis. On clinical examination, he was drowsy with the absence of any focal motor deficits. His blood pressure was recorded to be 200/120 mm Hg. He was managed in the intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation, intravenous nitroglycerine for blood pressure control, levetiracetam for seizures and empirical vancomycin. Radiological evaluation showed a brain abscess in the midline involving bosth basi-frontal lobes. After medical optimization, the abscess was drained surgically, and the pus cultured. As culture grew Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, he was treated with intravenous vancomycin for 6 weeks. On follow up, the abscess had resolved and the patient recovered without any neurological deficits.

Incidence of Invasive Bacterial Disease in Children with Fever and Petechiae

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Elizabeth A. Nguyen ◽  
Leonard B. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Type B ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Significant Disease ◽  
Single Laboratory ◽  
Normal Laboratory

The records of 129 patients admitted to the hospital with the findings of fever and petechiae were reviewed to determine the incidence of invasive bacterial disease in patients with this symptom complex. Twenty-six patients (20.2%) had culture-proven bacterial infections; 13 (11.1%) of the group had Neisseria meningitidis, eight had Haemophilus influenzae type B. No single laboratory test was sufficiently sensitive to detect all patients with life-threatening bacterial infections, but a combination of normal laboratory findings was highly specific for those without significant disease.

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Pallin
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Plantar Warts

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, and has diverse functions including protection from infection, temperature regulation, sensation, and immunologic and hormonal functions. Skin infections occur when the skin’s protective mechanisms fail. Some infections may be life-threatening (eg, necrotizing fasciitis) or may require the patient to be placed on contact precautions; thus, the initial goals of assessment of patients with skin and soft tissue infections are to assess the patient’s stability and to determine whether precautions are necessary to protect others. This review covers the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and disposition and outcomes for a variety of skin and soft tissue infections. Figures show an algorithm for treatment of bacterial infections of the skin, and photographs of  various infections including necrotizing fasciitis, cellulitis, an abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a furuncle, a carbuncle, nonbullous and bullous impetigo, echythma, folliculitis, anthrax lesion, tinea corporis, condyloma acuminatum, and plantar warts. Tables list cellulitis treatment with particular exposures, the dermatophytoses, and yeast infections of skin and mucous membranes. This review contains 16 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 32 references.

A Drug-free Strategy to Combat Bacterial Infections with Magnetic Nanoparticles Biosynthesized in the Bacterial Pathogens

Nanoscale ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Ghosh ◽  
Swati Kaushik ◽  
Jijo Thomas ◽  
Vineeta Panwar ◽  
Preethi Murugesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Free

The extensive and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic might significantly contribute to the growing number of multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. With the dwindling pipeline of...

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