The influence of carbon additions on structure and properties of composites manufactured via powder metallurgy method

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000125-000130
Author(s):  
Bartosz Hekner ◽  
Jerzy Myalski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Carbon Additions

This paper presents an influence of reinforcement and additions types on tribological properties for composite materials produced for potential application in high loaded friction point. The influence of carbon nanotubes or amorphous form of carbon on tribological properties was subject of authors' interest. A technology of materials manufacturing based on preparation of composite powders using high energy ball milling, with subsequent hot pressing in the semi-liquid phase. All materials based on an aluminum alloys, with silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon nitride particles (Si3N4) applied as a reinforcement. As a additions 1 wt.% of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) or 5 wt.% of glassy carbon particles (GCp) were used. A proper parameters selection (speed, powder to ball ratio, time ect.) of high energy milling led to fragmentation of ceramic particles up to nano- or submicro scale with desirable homogenization in whole volume of solid material. Due to partially crushed of glassy carbon particles, their size was between 2 – 200 μm. However GCp revealed also proper distribution in volume of composite. Moreover, the good quality of bonding between matrix and reinforcement particles were achieved due to high energy during milling. For manufactured materials a rating of tribological properties (coefficient of friction, wear rate, ect.) at ambient and high temperature were made. The research confirmed that, due to desirable coefficient of friction (COF) value and low mass loss, manufactured materials can be applied in automotive industry, eg. for brake pads. A high stability of COF on desirable value (0.5 – 0.8) was observed up to temperature higher than 500 °C. The application of carbon additions resulted in increasing of friction properties. The material with silicon nitride as a reinforcement and glassy carbon particles addition revealed the best friction properties between analysed materials.

THE INFLUENCE OF GLASSY CARBON AND ITS FORMS ON TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM MATRIX COMPOSITES

Tribologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy MYALSKI ◽  
Andrzej Posmyk ◽  
Bartosz HEKNER ◽  
Marcin GODZIERZ
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Carbon with an amorphous structure was used as a component to modify the tribological properties of engineering plastics. Its construction allows the formation of carbon-based wear products during friction, adhesively bonded to the surface of cooperating machine parts, acting as a solid lubricant. The work compares the tribological properties of two groups of composites with an aluminium alloy matrix in which glassy carbon appeared in the form of particles and an open cell foam fulfilling the role of strengthening the matrix. The use of spatial structures of reinforcement provides, in comparison with the strengthening of particles, homogeneity of carbon distribution in the entire volume of the composite. The tests carried out on a pin-disc tester showed that the use of spatial carbon structures in the composite ensures a greater coefficient of friction stability than when reinforcing with particles, and the coefficient of friction with a small proportion of carbon foams (about 1 wt%) is comparable with the coefficient of friction in the contact with composites containing 5-10% carbon particles in granular form.

The Influence of Mass Fraction and Size of Glassy Carbon Particles on the Tribological Properties of Metal – Ceramic Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Bartosz Hekner ◽  
Jerzy Myalski ◽  
Paweł Krzywda ◽  
Aleksandra Miczek
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Tribological Application ◽  
Metal Ceramic ◽  
Properties Of Materials

This paper presents the manufacturing process and the results of measurements for aluminum – aluminum oxide materials with addition of glassy carbon particles (GC). The composites were manufactured via high energy milling process with hot pressing subsequently. The influence of mass fraction (5, 10 and 15 wt.%) and a size of GC particles (<40, 40-80, 80-120, 120-160, 160-200µm) on the microstructure and properties were analysed. The complex meaning of GC particles for all, milling process, microstructure and final properties were discovered. After based description of materials, the tribological measurement were performed under two loads – 35 and 50N. It was noted, that mass fraction of GC particles have influence on tribological properties of materials. The composite with 5 wt.% revealed the best friction properties without any significant differences between analysed loads. The influence of particles size proved that the most effective fraction for tribological application is 120 – 160µm.

Development of Multifunctional Silicon Nitride Based Nanocomposites

2010 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Balázsi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Pure Silicon ◽  
Carbon Additives ◽  
High Temperature Processing ◽  
Good Contact ◽  
Carbon Additions ◽  
Multiwall Carbon

Silicon nitride based composites with 3 wt% different carbon additives (multiwall carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon black) have been prepared. Optimisation of the manufacturing processes has been conducted to preserve the carbon nanotubes in composites and to avoid damaging during high temperature processing. The results show that carbon additives have a good contact to the surface of silicon nitride grains. It was found that the different carbon additions have significant effect to the electrical, mechanical, tribological and thermophysical properties of silicon nitride based composites in comparison with pure silicon nitride.

Experimental investigation on the tribological properties of modified carbon nanotubes as the additive in castor oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-505
Author(s):  
Shanhua Qian ◽  
Hongyue Wang ◽  
Chuanhui Huang ◽  
Yongwu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modified Carbon Nanotubes

Purpose This paper aims to modify carbon nanotubes with oleic acid, and to study the tribological properties of castor oil with modified carbon nanotubes additives. The proper additives are sought for the future engineering application of castor oil. Design/methodology/approach Tribological properties of the castor oils mixed with the modified carbon nanotubes of four mass percentages were investigated using a four-ball testing rig. Coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter were obtained in each test, and the mechanism of modified carbon nanotubes and castor oil was discussed. Findings The results indicated that modified carbon nanotubes had better dispersion in castor oil. Coefficient of friction first increased, then decreased and finally grew stable with the time, and wear scar diameter of steel surface functioned as a first reduced then increased change with the additive mass percentage of modified carbon nanotubes. The minimum of average coefficient of friction and wear scar diameter occurred at 0.02 Wt.% modified carbon nanotubes. Originality/value A small amount of modified carbon nanotubes could improve properties of the castor oil, and the mixed castor oil with 0.02 Wt.% modified carbon nanotubes would be most possibly used in engineering applications.

Effect of Heating Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered CNTs Reinforced Nickel Aluminide

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
Olusoji Oluremi Ayodele ◽  
Mary Ajimegoh Awotunde ◽  
Mxolisi Brendon Shongwe ◽  
Adewale Oladapo Adegbenjo ◽  
Bukola J. Babalola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Nickel Aluminide ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Method ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball

Powder metallurgy method was used to consolidate nickel aluminide reinforced multi-walled carbon nanotubes through planetary ball mill in order to facilitate the effective dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this investigation, 0.5 wt% of CNTs was added to the powder mixture of nickel and aluminum through two ball milling processes: low energy ball mill (LEBM) and high energy ball mill (HEBM). The bulk composites were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at constant temperature, holding time, pressure of 32 MPa, 800 °C and 5 min respectively. The heating rate was varied between 50 and 150 °C/min. Microstructural evolutions of the composites were studied and densification of the composites was improved with increase in heating rate but depreciated as the heating rate was further increased. Vickers microhardness values of the fabricated composites were enhanced with increase in heating rate.

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of the Copper Matrix Composite Materials Containing Lubricating Phase Particles

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Juszczyk ◽  
J. Kulasa ◽  
W. Malec ◽  
Sz. Malara ◽  
M. Czepelak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Copper Matrix ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Carbon Particles

Abstract The paper presents results of the studies into influence of individual particles of lubricating phase on microstructure and tribological properties of copper based composite materials for slide bearings. The studied material was composed of copper alloys with lubricating phase particles, e.g. in a form of graphite and glassy carbon. The metallic matrix of composite materials consisted of Cu-Sn type alloys. Production of the examined materials included processes with complete or partial participation of liquid phase and was conducted in two ways. In production of composites both classical powder metallurgy technology was applied and a method of melting with simultaneous mechanical stirring in liquid state (stir casting). Particles of lubricating phases were heated up to the temperature of 200°C and introduced into a liquid metal and then stirring process at constant rate of 1500 rpm rotational speed was applied. To improve wettability of graphite and glassy carbon particles titanium was introduced into the metallic matrix. In production of the composites by powder metallurgy methods the process consisted of mixing of bronze powders and particles of non-metallic phases and then their consolidation. Both quantitative and qualitative structure analysis of the produced composites was performed. Also through evaluation of tribological properties (friction coefficient, wear) with CSM Instruments high temperature tribometer THT was conducted.

Observation of Thermophysical and Tribological Properties of CNT Reinforced Si3N4

2009 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 354-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Koszor ◽  
Andre Lindemann ◽  
François Davin ◽  
Csaba Balázsi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramic ◽  
Pronounced Difference

Thermophysical and tribological measurements have been performed on carbon nanotube added silicon nitride composites. Higher thermal conductivity values were observed in the case of the sample with CNT than for the reference sample. As was observed from tribological measurements, nanocomposite Si3N4 without carbon nanotubes shows a higher friction coefficient than carbon nanotube - Si3N4. The results of wear study indicate that the Si3N4 ball (used as static partner) was more damaged with MWCNTs addition nanocomposite than with pure Si3N4 ceramic. A pronounced difference was observed in the wear rate: there was a much higher wear for carbon nanotube - Si3N4 than for Si3N4 without MWCNTs.

Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Glassy Carbon Particles

2011 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Myalski ◽  
Józef Śleziona
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Reinforcement Value

The mechanical properties of composite materials with glassy carbon (GC) have been presented. The effect of size and reinforcement value on tensile strength, impact and tribological characteristics (coefficient of friction and wear) were estimated. It has been found that the reinforcement value decide on mechanical properties. Enlargement of particles value leads to decreasing of tensile strength and impact strength. It has been shown that particle size has small influence on studied properties. Destruction energy for the composites with particles exceeding 100 µm is similar. The measurement of coefficient of friction proved, that increase of reinforcement value leads to decreasing of coefficient of friction from 0.4 for 5% value to about 0.12 for 20% of particle value. The coefficient of friction is comparable for the composites containing particles of 200 µm size and is less dependent on reinforcement value. However size of the particles decide on the character of coefficient of friction changes.

scholarly journals Mirostructure and microhardness of aluminum-copper composite reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes prepared by vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Trinh ◽  
Van Luan ◽  
Doan Phuong ◽  
Phan Minh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Vacuum Sintering ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this study, we report the processing, microstructure, and microhardness of aluminum-copper composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Composite powders were prepared by a high energy ball (HEB) milling process then consolidated by vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) techniques. The specimens show a uniform dispersion of CNTs in the Al-Cu matrix with CNT content up to 1 wt.% and a cluster formation observed with higher CNT content of 1.5 wt.%. The specimens have a relative density of 92 % to 95 % for composites sintered by vacuum sintering and 93 % to 96 % for composites sintered by HIP. Microhardness of specimens increases with increasing CNT content up to 1_wt% and then decreases due to the formation of CNT clusters. Microhardness is enhanced both by the dispersion strengthening effect of CNTs and by precipitation hardening of Al-Cu matrix.

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