Laser Processing of 2-D and 3-D Structures for Tunable Embedded Capacitors

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001949-001976
Author(s):  
Rabindra N. Das ◽  
Timothy E. Antesberger ◽  
Francesco Marconi ◽  
Frank D. Egitto ◽  
Mark D. Poliks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Processing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Laser Micromachining ◽  
Embedded Capacitors ◽  
Embedded Capacitor ◽  
Material Formulation ◽  
Tunable Device

Material formulation, structuring, and modification are key to increasing the unit volume complexity and density of next generation electronic packaging products. Laser processing is finding an increasing number of applications in the fabrication of these advanced microelectronic devices. This is due, in part, to the ability to achieve highly localized treatment of materials with a spatial resolution of tens of microns. In addition, the process is data-driven, that is, patterns can be generated without the need for masking materials. In the present investigation, a variety of structures have been generated in polymer nanocomposites, nanoparticle films, and sol-gel thin films using a computer-controlled laser system. Specifically, micromachining technology has been used to produce both variable-thickness and discrete capacitors from a single sheet (layer) of capacitor material, such that both types of structures can be integrated into the same layer. In addition, the laser micromachining technology has been extended to design and develop new vertical multilayer embedded capacitors for high speed applications. High speed packages require thick dielectrics. Calculations show that multilayer vertical capacitors can be better than thick capacitors formed from a single layer. In general, multilayer embedded capacitors are fabricated by repeated lamination of resin-coated copper, or pre-preg with a capacitor core. This is a time consuming, lengthy process. As an alternative, we have deposited a single, thick capacitance layer, and subsequent laser micromachining has been used to form multiple parallel channels of a controlled depth. Metal deposition in the channels results in a multilayer embedded capacitor structure. Lasers micromaching can also provide various complex patterns such as 3-D spiral channels within a dielectric or magnetically active nanocomposite, subsequently filled with conducting materials to form inductors. This technique can be used to prepare inductors and capacitors in the same layer of nanocomposite material. Hence, the technique can be used to generate multi-functional structures for tunable device applications.

HYBRID SOL-GEL ELECTRO-OPTIC POLYMER MODULATORS: BEATING THE DRIVE VOLTAGE/LOSS TRADEOFF

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. NORWOOD ◽  
C. DEROSE ◽  
Y. ENAMI ◽  
H. GAN ◽  
C. GREENLEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Loss ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Scattering Loss ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Polymer Modulators

There has been great progress in the development of electro-optic (EO) polymers with exceptionally high r33 coefficients, with values ranging from 100–400 pm/V now being reported for single layer electro-optic polymer films. While this enables the fabrication of EO modulators with sub-volt operation, it is also necessary to make devices with acceptably low insertion loss (< 6 dB) in order to compete with existing technology. We have developed a solution to the voltage/insertion loss tradeoff in EO polymer modulators by adopting a hybrid geometry that provides for low optical coupling loss, electro-optic polymer limited propagation loss, highly efficient poling, and low cost fabrication. This combination of properties has allowed us to achieve r 33 = 170 pm/V in an EO phase modulator. In addition to this proven approach to optimizing the figure of merit, there are several other approaches that can have high impact. The development of low loss EO polymer and cladding materials and waveguides can greatly reduce the insertion loss of EO polymer modulators, through chemical substitution techniques such as selective halogenation, as well as through improved processing to reduce roughness, stress and poling induced losses. Halogenation can be used to reduce the number of C – H bonds, which have well-known stretch and bend vibrational modes whose overtones extend into the optical communications bands at 1550 nm and 1310 nm. While roughness and stress effects are well-understood from work on passive waveguides, the poling process can produce inhomogeneities that lead to increased scattering loss; molecular design can be used to reduce poling induced loss. Another approach is to adopt non-waveguide device formats that are more tolerant of material losses, such as Fabry-Perot etalons. While etalons may not be viable for very high speed applications (i.e., GHz regime), they present entirely new application areas for electro-optic polymers.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Laser System Power Draws in Materials Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Nicholas Goffin ◽  
Lewis C. R. Jones ◽  
John Tyrer ◽  
Jinglei Ouyang ◽  
Paul Mativenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Processing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Fibre Laser ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Total System ◽  
Laser Systems ◽  
System Power

Due to their high speed and versatility, laser processing systems are now commonplace in many industrial production lines. However, as the need to reduce the environmental impact from the manufacturing industry becomes more urgent, there is the opportunity to evaluate laser processing systems to identify opportunities to improve energy efficiencies and thus reduce their carbon footprint. While other researchers have studied laser processing, the majority of previous work on laser systems has focused on the beam–material interaction, overlooking the whole system viewpoint and the significance of support equipment. In this work, a methodical approach is taken to design a set of energy modelling terminologies and develop a structured power metering system for laser systems. A 300 W fibre laser welding system is used to demonstrate the application of the power characterization system by utilizing a purpose-built power meter. The laser is broken down according to sub-system, with each part analysed separately to give a complete overall power analysis, including all auxiliary units. The results show that the greatest opportunities for efficiency improvements lie in the auxiliary units that support the laser devices as these were responsible for a majority of the electrical draw; 63.1% when the laser was operated at 240 W, and increasing as the beam power reduced. The remaining power draw was largely apportioned to electrical supply inefficiencies. In this work, the laser device delivered a maximum of 6% of the total system power. The implications of these results on laser processing system design are then discussed as is the suitability of the characterization process for use by industry on a range of specific laser processing systems.

Accelerating laser processes with a smart two-dimensional polygon mirror scanner for ultra-fast beam deflection

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Roessler ◽  
André Streek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Drill Holes ◽  
Average Laser

Abstract In laser processing, the possible throughput is directly scaling with the available average laser power. To avoid unwanted thermal damage due to high pulse energy or heat accumulation during MHz-repetition rates, energy distribution over the workpiece is required. Polygon mirror scanners enable high deflection speeds and thus, a proper energy distribution within a short processing time. The requirements of laser micro processing with up to 10 kW average laser powers and high scan speeds up to 1000 m/s result in a 30 mm aperture two-dimensional polygon mirror scanner with a patented low-distortion mirror configuration. In combination with a field programmable gate array-based real-time logic, position-true high-accuracy laser switching is enabled for 2D, 2.5D, or 3D laser processing capable to drill holes in multi-pass ablation or engraving. A special developed real-time shifter module within the high-speed logic allows, in combination with external axis, the material processing on the fly and hence, processing of workpieces much larger than the scan field.

Reliability Models of GSM-R Redundant Network on High-Speed Railway

2012 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 1783-1788
Author(s):  
Jun Ting Lin ◽  
Jian Wu Dang
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Single Layer Network ◽  
Wireless Architectures

As a dedicated digital mobile communication system designed for railway application, GSM-R must provide reliable bidirectional channel for transmitting security data between trackside equipments and on-train computer on high-speed railways. To ensure the safety of running trains, redundant network architecture is commonly used to guarantee the reliability of GSM-R. Because of the rigid demands of railway security, it is important to build reliability mathematical models, predict the network reliability and select a suitable one. Two common GSM-R wireless architectures, co-sited double layers network and intercross single layer network, are modeled and contrasted in this paper. By calculating the reliabilities of each reliable model, it is clear that more redundant the architecture is, more reliable the system will be, the whole system will bear a less failure time per year as the benefit. Meanwhile, as the redundancy of GSM-R system raises, its equipment and maintenance will cost much, but the reliability raise gently. From the standpoint of transmission system interruption and network equipment failure, the reliability of co-sited double layer network architecture is higher than the intercross single layer one, while the viability and cost of the intercross redundant network is better than co-sited one in natural disasters such as flood and lightning. Taking fully into account reliability, viability and cost, we suggest that intercross redundant network should be chosen on high-speed railway.

High-Speed Synthesis and Electric Properties of Magnesium Doped Lead Titanate Ceramics

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Liang Sheng Qiang ◽  
Dong Yan Tang ◽  
Xing Hong Zhang ◽  
L. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Lead Titanate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Electric Properties ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Pure Lead ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Titanate Ceramics

By adding methyl alcohol/water solution with certain concentration into sol to hydrolysis directly and sintering the fresh sol directly, lead titanate(PbTiO3) ceramics doped with magnesium are prepared by using magnesium acetate as doper to prohibit the disadvantages contained in conventional sol-gel method, such as low hydrolytic rate, high sintering temperature, long preparation period. The changes of structure, microstructure, synthesis process and electric properties of modified ceramics are studied in detail. The sizes and morphology of high purely and high density magnesium doped lead titanate nanocrystals thus obtained are observed by TEM photographs and the structures and affection of sintering temperature of to lattice constant and sizes of nanocrystals are detected by XRD. Electric properties detection results show that doped lead titanate ceramics exhibite excellent dielectric, ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties compare with pure lead titanate.

Sol-Gel Derived Titaniajormosil Composite Thin Films For Optical Waveguide Applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Que ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
Y. L. Lam ◽  
Y. C. Chan ◽  
S. D. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Titanium Content ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Free Film ◽  
Free Silica ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Single Layer Film

ABSTRACTWe report the preparation of sol-gel waveguide films based on a newly developed recipe to incorporate organic molecules into the inorganic sol-gel glass matrix. The film was derived from a sol that has a higher titanium content in an organically modified silane (ORMOSIL), namely, ÿ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. We have shown that using spin-coating and low temperature baking, a single coating layer can have a thickness of more than 1.5 μm. When such a single layer film is deposited on a microscope glass slide or a piece of silicon with a buffercladding layer, it is able to support the guiding of optical waves. We have characterized the film using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermal gravimetric analysis. differential thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and have studied the properties of the waveguide film, including the microstructural properties. the chemical bonding properties, and the optical properties. Based on these experimental results, we found that a heat-treatment at a temperature slightly below 200°C is necessary to attain a dense pore-free film. It has also been noted that a purely inorganic and crack-free silica-titania film can be obtained after baking the titania-ORMOSIL composite film at 500°C or higher.

scholarly journals Nanoprinted high-neuron-density optical linear perceptrons performing near-infrared inference on a CMOS chip

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Goi ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Qiming Zhang ◽  
Benjamin P. Cumming ◽  
Steffen Schoenhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Neuron Density

AbstractOptical machine learning has emerged as an important research area that, by leveraging the advantages inherent to optical signals, such as parallelism and high speed, paves the way for a future where optical hardware can process data at the speed of light. In this work, we present such optical devices for data processing in the form of single-layer nanoscale holographic perceptrons trained to perform optical inference tasks. We experimentally show the functionality of these passive optical devices in the example of decryptors trained to perform optical inference of single or whole classes of keys through symmetric and asymmetric decryption. The decryptors, designed for operation in the near-infrared region, are nanoprinted on complementary metal-oxide–semiconductor chips by galvo-dithered two-photon nanolithography with axial nanostepping of 10 nm1,2, achieving a neuron density of >500 million neurons per square centimetre. This power-efficient commixture of machine learning and on-chip integration may have a transformative impact on optical decryption3, sensing4, medical diagnostics5 and computing6,7.

scholarly journals The performance and durability of single-layer sol-gel anti-reflection coatings applied to solar module cover glass

2019 ◽  
Vol 358 ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Womack ◽  
Kenan Isbilir ◽  
Fabiana Lisco ◽  
Geraldine Durand ◽  
Alan Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Solar Module

Aging studies of sol-gel-derived thin film single-layer and multilayer dielectric mirrors

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel A. McInnes ◽  
Nicholas J. Bazin ◽  
James E. Andrew ◽  
A. J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Aging Studies ◽  
Dielectric Mirrors ◽  
Multilayer Dielectric
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