Antiviral Agents for Non-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1266-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Cyotkines as Potential Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl a) ◽  
pp. 28A-35A
Author(s):  
Robert W Sidwell ◽  
John D Morrey ◽  
Reed P Warren
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Many

Cytokines are attracting increased interest as potential therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. This attraction has particularly arisen as these cytokines have become more commercially available through recombinant technologies. This review focuses on the effects of these biological response modifiers on preclinical HIV and related retrovirus infections. Cytokines that have particularly been considered for HIV disease control include: interferons -α , -β and -γ, interleukins-2. -3. -4. -6 and -7; tumour necrosis factors -α and -β; and the colony stimulating factors. Efficacy has especially been seen when these cytokines have been used in combination with the more conventional antiviral agents. Due to the many biological functions exerted by cytokines and their interweaving of biological effects with other cytokines, they appear to have the potential to both inhibit as well as enhance viral infections, depending upon how they are used, and caution is therefore urged in their use.

scholarly journals Combination of CCR5 and CXCR4 Inhibitors in Therapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: In Vitro Studies of Mixed Virus Infections

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 9328-9332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Rusconi ◽  
Simona La Seta Catamancio ◽  
Paola Citterio ◽  
Elisabetta Bulgheroni ◽  
Francesco Croce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We studied the combined anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) effects of a derivative of stroma-derived factor 1β (SDF-1β), Met-SDF-1β, and a modified form of RANTES, aminooxypentane (AOP)-RANTES. The antiviral agents were tested singly or in combination at 95 and 99% virus inhibitory concentrations. Clinical R5 and X4 HIV-1 isolates were used. AOP-RANTES inhibited R5 but not X4 viruses, whereas Met-SDF-1β had the opposite effect. Combinations of these compounds inhibited mixed infections with R5 and X4 viruses (95 to 99%), whereas single drugs were less inhibitory (32 to 61%). Combinations of R5 and X4 inhibitors are promising and deserve further evaluation.

scholarly journals High-Potency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccination Leads to Delayed and Reduced CD8+ T-Cell Expansion but Improved Virus Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (15) ◽  
pp. 10059-10062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles P. Davenport ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Ansuman Bagchi ◽  
Arthur Fridman ◽  
Tong-Ming Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Viral Kinetics ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell Expansion

ABSTRACT CD8+ T lymphocytes are thought to play an important role in the control of acute and chronic human immunodeficiency virus infections. However, there is a significant delay between infection and the first observed increase in virus-specific CD8+ T-cell numbers. Prior to this time, viral kinetics are not significantly different between controls and vaccinees. Surprisingly, higher initial virus-specific CD8+ T-cell numbers lead to a longer delay prior to initial CD8+ T-cell expansion, and slower CD8+ T-cell increases. Nevertheless, higher initial CD8+ T-cell numbers were associated with reduced peak and chronic viral loads and reduced CD4+ T-cell depletion.

scholarly journals Changes in the Composition of Circulating CD8+T Cell Subsets during Acute Epstein‐Barr and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in Humans

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke Th. L. Roos ◽  
René A. W. van Lier ◽  
Dörte Hamann ◽  
Gerlinde J. Knol ◽  
Irma Verhoofstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

scholarly journals Novel bis-Tetrahydrofuranylurethane-Containing Nonpeptidic Protease Inhibitor (PI) UIC-94017 (TMC114) with Potent Activity against Multi-PI-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus In Vitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3123-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Koh ◽  
Hirotomo Nakata ◽  
Kenji Maeda ◽  
Hiromi Ogata ◽  
Geoffrey Bilcer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We designed, synthesized, and identified UIC-94017 (TMC114), a novel nonpeptidic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) containing a 3(R),3a(S),6a(R)-bis-tetrahydrofuranylurethane (bis-THF) and a sulfonamide isostere which is extremely potent against laboratory HIV-1 strains and primary clinical isolates (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], ∼0.003 μM; IC90, ∼0.009 μM) with minimal cytotoxicity (50% cytotoxic concentration for CD4+ MT-2 cells, 74 μM). UIC-94017 blocked the infectivity and replication of each of HIV-1NL4-3 variants exposed to and selected for resistance to saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, or ritonavir at concentrations up to 5 μM (IC50s, 0.003 to 0.029 μM), although it was less active against HIV-1NL4-3 variants selected for resistance to amprenavir (IC50, 0.22 μM). UIC-94017 was also potent against multi-PI-resistant clinical HIV-1 variants isolated from patients who had no response to existing antiviral regimens after having received a variety of antiviral agents. Structural analyses revealed that the close contact of UIC-94017 with the main chains of the protease active-site amino acids (Asp-29 and Asp-30) is important for its potency and wide spectrum of activity against multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 variants. Considering the favorable pharmacokinetics of UIC-94017 when administered with ritonavir, the present data warrant that UIC-94017 be further developed as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of primary and multi-PI-resistant HIV-1 infections.

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