scholarly journals Cyotkines as Potential Therapies for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl a) ◽  
pp. 28A-35A
Author(s):  
Robert W Sidwell ◽  
John D Morrey ◽  
Reed P Warren
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Many

Cytokines are attracting increased interest as potential therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. This attraction has particularly arisen as these cytokines have become more commercially available through recombinant technologies. This review focuses on the effects of these biological response modifiers on preclinical HIV and related retrovirus infections. Cytokines that have particularly been considered for HIV disease control include: interferons -α , -β and -γ, interleukins-2. -3. -4. -6 and -7; tumour necrosis factors -α and -β; and the colony stimulating factors. Efficacy has especially been seen when these cytokines have been used in combination with the more conventional antiviral agents. Due to the many biological functions exerted by cytokines and their interweaving of biological effects with other cytokines, they appear to have the potential to both inhibit as well as enhance viral infections, depending upon how they are used, and caution is therefore urged in their use.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Prompt Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in the Treatment of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Triggered by Uncontrolled Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan P. Fitzgerald ◽  
Amy L. Wojciechowski ◽  
Rajinder P. S. Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Hematologic Disorder ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening, rapidly progressive hematologic disorder involving uncontrolled immune system activation. HLH has been associated with viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. We report a case of a critically ill 30-year-old female who was hospitalized with HIV-associated HLH, with a CD4 count of 4 cells/mL and HIV viral load of 1,842,730 copies/mL. After ruling out other potential infectious causes of HLH, antiretroviral therapy (ART) was initiated with darunavir, ritonavir, tenofovir, and emtricitabine. Within one week of initiation of ART, the patient began to improve clinically and hematologically and was stable enough for discharge from the hospital three weeks after starting therapy. This case suggests that treatment with ART in patients with HIV-associated HLH should be considered even in critically ill patients with low CD4 counts.

Neuromyelitis optica in patients with coexisting human immunodeficiency virus infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anteneh M Feyissa ◽  
Parbhdeep Singh ◽  
Robert G Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Intravenous Methylprednisolone ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Two patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and receiving antiretroviral treatment developed neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s disease). One patient tested positive for serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies. Both patients were treated with high dose pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone followed by standard sessions of plasma exchange both at the onset attack and during disease relapses. For maintenance therapy, one patient received rituximab infusions and the second patient received mycophenolate mofetil orally. Despite treatment, both patients are currently wheelchair-bound due to severe paraparesis. Neuromyelitis optica can occur in the course of HIV infection and poses an ongoing therapeutic challenge.

scholarly journals Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir for 8 Weeks to Treat Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infections in Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections: Sofosbuvir-Containing Regimens Without Interferon for Treatment of Acute HCV in HIV-1 Infected Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Naggie ◽  
Daniel S Fierer ◽  
Michael D Hughes ◽  
Arthur Y Kim ◽  
Annie Luetkemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Current guidelines for the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections provide varying recommendations for the optimal treatment of acute HCV infections. There are limited data from small cohort studies to provide guidance on the best approach to treatment of this important patient population. Methods Sofosbuvir-Containing Regimens Without Interferon for Treatment of Acute HCV in HIV-1 Infected Individuals is an open-label, 2-cohort, Phase 1 clinical trial in which the second cohort assessed the safety and efficacy of 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for the treatment of acute HCV infections in participants with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infections. This final analysis of the second cohort had a planned accrual of 27 participants, based on non-inferiority criteria, compared to the study-defined, historical, sustained virologic response (SVR) of 60% with pegylated-interferon/ribavirin. Results We enrolled 27 men (9 Hispanic; 11 White, non-Hispanic; 5 Black, non-Hispanic; 2 Asian or Pacific Islander; median age 46 years). Most (96%) had HCV genotype-1 infection and 59% had the favorable interleukin 28B CC genotype. The median baseline HCV RNA load was 6.17 log10 IU/mL (interquartile range 4.51 – 6.55). All participants (100%) achieved the primary outcome of a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the date of the last dose of study treatment (90% confidence interval 90–100%), achieving non-inferiority versus the 60% historic benchmark. No treatment discontinuations occurred. Conclusions This multicenter clinical trial, investigating 8 weeks of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for acute HCV infections in men with HIV infections, reports a 100% SVR. This study provides the rationale for larger studies of shortened courses of direct-acting antiviral therapies in persons with HIV infections, including those with high baseline HCV RNA loads. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02128217.

scholarly journals Combination of CCR5 and CXCR4 Inhibitors in Therapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: In Vitro Studies of Mixed Virus Infections

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 9328-9332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Rusconi ◽  
Simona La Seta Catamancio ◽  
Paola Citterio ◽  
Elisabetta Bulgheroni ◽  
Francesco Croce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We studied the combined anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) effects of a derivative of stroma-derived factor 1β (SDF-1β), Met-SDF-1β, and a modified form of RANTES, aminooxypentane (AOP)-RANTES. The antiviral agents were tested singly or in combination at 95 and 99% virus inhibitory concentrations. Clinical R5 and X4 HIV-1 isolates were used. AOP-RANTES inhibited R5 but not X4 viruses, whereas Met-SDF-1β had the opposite effect. Combinations of these compounds inhibited mixed infections with R5 and X4 viruses (95 to 99%), whereas single drugs were less inhibitory (32 to 61%). Combinations of R5 and X4 inhibitors are promising and deserve further evaluation.

scholarly journals Frequency of Hepatitis B, C and HIV Infections among Transfusion-Dependent Beta Thalassemia Patients in Dhaka

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Golam Sarower Bhuyan ◽  
Aftab Uz Zaman Noor ◽  
Rosy Sultana ◽  
Farjana Akther Noor ◽  
Nusrat Sultana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Transfusion transmitted infections have remained a major deterrent to public health, particularly among the patients with transfusion-dependent Beta thalassemia in developing countries. Although proper donor selection through adoption of WHO-advised infection panel has lowered the rate of infections, the multi-transfused patients are not free of risk. In this study, we screened 148 transfusion-dependent Beta thalassemia patients to determine the frequency of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) using the ELISA method. Among them, infected cases with HCV, HBV and HIV were 13.51%, 3.37% and 0%, respectively. Moreover, 2% of the patients were found to be co-infected with both HBV and HCV. The percentage of infections in the patients with frequent transfusion interval (≤30 days) was significantly higher (p < 0.0005) than that in the patients with less frequent transfusion intervals (>30 days). Immunochromatography (ICT)-based rapid test kits are usually used to screen and confirm these infections in the blood of the patients. However, ICT-based tests are not sensitive enough to detect the infections. So, a combination of both Nucleic Acid testing (NAT) and serological testing are suggested to significantly reduce the risk of viral infections during blood transfusion.

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