scholarly journals Acoustic Analysis of PD Speech

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chenausky ◽  
Joel MacAuslan ◽  
Richard Goldhor
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Deep Brain

According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, approximately 500,000 Americans have Parkinson's disease (PD), with roughly another 50,000 receiving new diagnoses each year. 70%–90% of these people also have the hypokinetic dysarthria associated with PD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) substantially relieves motor symptoms in advanced-stage patients for whom medication produces disabling dyskinesias. This study investigated speech changes as a result of DBS settings chosen to maximize motor performance. The speech of 10 PD patients and 12 normal controls was analyzed for syllable rate and variability, syllable length patterning, vowel fraction, voice-onset time variability, and spirantization. These were normalized by the controls' standard deviation to represent distance from normal and combined into a composite measure. Results show that DBS settings relieving motor symptoms can improve speech, making it up to three standard deviations closer to normal. However, the clinically motivated settings evaluated here show greater capacity to impair, rather than improve, speech. A feedback device developed from these findings could be useful to clinicians adjusting DBS parameters, as a means for ensuring they do not unwittingly choose DBS settings which impair patients' communication.

scholarly journals Interlingual Interactions Elicit Performance Mismatches Not “Compromise” Categories in Early Bilinguals: Evidence from Meta-Analysis and Coronal Stops

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Casillas
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Cumulative Evidence

Previous studies attest that some early bilinguals produce the sounds of their languages in a manner that is characterized as “compromise” with regard to monolingual speakers. The present study uses meta-analytic techniques and coronal stop data from early bilinguals in order to assess this claim. The goal was to evaluate the cumulative evidence for “compromise” voice-onset time (VOT) in the speech of early bilinguals by providing a comprehensive assessment of the literature and presenting an acoustic analysis of coronal stops from early Spanish–English bilinguals. The studies were coded for linguistic and methodological features, as well as effect sizes, and then analyzed using a cross-classified Bayesian meta-analysis. The pooled effect for “compromise” VOT was negligible (β = −0.13). The acoustic analysis of the coronal stop data showed that the early Spanish–English bilinguals often produced Spanish and English targets with mismatched features from their other language. These performance mismatches presumably occurred as a result of interlingual interactions elicited by the experimental task. Taken together, the results suggest that early bilinguals do not have “compromise” VOT, though their speech involves dynamic phonetic interactions that can surface as performance mismatches during speech production.

‘A gup of dea, please’

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eltje Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequent Users ◽  
Crosslinguistic Influence

Although crosslinguistic influence (CLI) in voice onset time (VOT) production is a widely studied phenomenon (e.g. Flege, 1987), few studies look at more than two languages. This study examines the production of word-initial stops in Dutch, English and German by two groups of German L3 learners of Dutch: frequent and less frequent L3 users. The aim was to uncover evidence for CLI between Dutch and English/German by employing a picture-naming task. An acoustic analysis revealed that the frequent users produced significantly shorter voiceless stops and more prevoicing in English than the other groups did. However, all participants produced native VOTs in German, indicating that the L1 is not affected.

Resistance of Voice Onset Time Variability to Intoxication

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford L. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Over Time

Voice onset times of /d/ and /t/ were measured for 16 adult subjects (age range 21 to 26 years) under conditions of sobriety and intoxication. Subjects consumed beer to reach intoxication levels between 0.075 and 0.100% as measured using a portable breathalyzer test. Analysis indicated consistent variabilities over time for each subject and resistance of VOT variability to alcohol influence.

scholarly journals A Phonemic and Acoustic Analysis of Hindko Oral Stops

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Ur RASHID ◽  
Raja Nasim AKHTAR
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Closure Duration

Hindko is an Indo-Aryan language that is mainly spoken in Khyber Pukhtoonkhaw province of Pakistan. This work aims to identify the oral stops of Hindko and determine the intrinsic acoustic cues for them. The phonemic analysis is done with the help of minimal pairs and phoneme distribution in contrastive environments which reveals that Hindko has twelve oral stops with three way series. The acoustic analysis of these segments shows that intrinsically voice onset time (VOT), closure duration and burst are reliable and distinguishing cues of stops in Hindko.

scholarly journals Temporal pattern analysis of voicing in children with and without alterations in sonority feature

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Ramone ◽  
Silvana de Coelho Frota
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
The Voice

ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare acoustic characteristics of stop consonants in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese with and without alterations in speech referring to voicing feature. Methods: out of 66 children assessed, 18 were selected for this study, aged from 9 to 12 years, distributed in Control Group, 8 without language alterations, and Deviation Group, 10 children with alterations in speech, regarding sonority features. Participants with hearing loss, with cognitive deficit, left-handed ones or using neurological medication, were excluded. The following tests were performed: tonal audiometry, ABFW speech test, and a PowerPoint interactive production test, which was developed by the author for this study, with the purpose of comparing the minimal pairs in words. At the end, the acoustic analysis was conducted, by using the PRAAT program. The acoustic characteristics of stops related to total and relative duration of voice onset time were compared in the two groups and analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test, with a significance level lower than 0.05. Results: significant differences were observed in the duration of the voice onset time between the two groups, such as the increase in absolute voice onset time in the Deviation Group in voiced stops, and reduction in absolute onset time in voiceless stops. The relative voice onset time presented significant differences between the two groups only in voiceless stops. Conclusion: Brazilian Portuguese speakers with alteration in their sonority feature showed an acoustic pattern different from that of other speakers, regarding the voice onset time.

Speech Rate Mediated Vowel and Stop Voicing Distinctiveness in Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Thea Knowles ◽  
Scott G. Adams ◽  
Mandar Jog
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Deep Brain

Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in acoustic distinctiveness in two groups of talkers with Parkinson's disease as they modify across a wide range of speaking rates. Method People with Parkinson's disease with and without deep brain stimulation and older healthy controls read 24 carrier phrases at different speech rates. Target nonsense words in the carrier phrases were designed to elicit stop consonants and corner vowels. Participants spoke at seven self-selected speech rates from very slow to very fast, elicited via magnitude production. Speech rate was measured in absolute words per minute and as a proportion of each talker's habitual rate. Measures of segmental distinctiveness included a temporal consonant measure, namely, voice onset time, and a spectral vowel measure, namely, vowel articulation index. Results All talkers successfully modified their rate of speech from slow to fast. Talkers with Parkinson's disease and deep brain stimulation demonstrated greater baseline speech impairment and produced smaller proportional changes at the fast end of the continuum. Increasingly slower speaking rates were associated with increased temporal contrasts (voice onset time) but not spectral contrasts (vowel articulation). Faster speech was associated with decreased contrasts in both domains. Talkers with deep brain stimulation demonstrated more aberrant productions across all speaking rates. Conclusions Findings suggest that temporal and spectral segmental distinctiveness are asymmetrically affected by speaking rate modifications in Parkinson's disease. Talkers with deep brain stimulation warrant further investigation with regard to speech changes they make as they adjust their speaking rate.

scholarly journals AN ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF VOICELESS ALVEOLAR PLOSIVE /t/ IN SUNDANESE, INDONESIAN, AND ENGLISH BY SUNDANESE SPEAKERS

Metahumaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jeri Sukmawijaya ◽  
Sutiono Mahdi ◽  
Susi Yuliawati
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Stressed Syllable ◽  
The Voice ◽  
The Way ◽  
Voice Recording

A voiceless alveolar plosive /t/ is pronounced with many variations. In English, it is perceived to have an aspiration when it is in the initial segment of a word in a stressed syllable while Sundanese and Indonesian do not aspirate it. The study focuses on finding out Voice Onset Time (VOT) or duration of /t/ in Sundanese, Indonesian, and English produced by Sundanese speakers. The method used is quantitative and qualitative (mix method). The data are obtained from the voice recording of eighteen undergraduate students. They are all native Sundanese speakers who are learning English at IKIP Siliwangi Cimahi. The voice recordings are analyzed and measured by acoustic analysis by using PRAAT software. The result shows the average VOT or duration of /t/ in the initial segment of the word in Sundanese and Indonesian is identical, namely 20 ms. It indicates that they do not aspirate /t/ in Sundanese and Indonesian. Additionally, they transfer the way they produce /t/ in their two languages into English as their foreign language. It can be seen from the average VOT or duration of /t/ in the initial segment of the word in English that lasts 29 ms. This finding can be a reference to other researchers who want to know the necessary duration of /t/ in Sundanese and Indonesian produced by Sundanese speakers. 

Voicing Contrasts and Their Phonological Implications in the Speech of Articulation-Disordered Children

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann B. Smit ◽  
John E. Bernthal
Keyword(s):  
Normal Child ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Phonological Form ◽  
Normal Controls

Five-year-old articulation-disordered children, some classified as substituters and some as syllable reducers, were compared with normal child and adult controls in their production of voicing contrasts. These contrasts occurred in minimal pairs containing word-final obstruents and in minimal triples containing word-initial stops and /s/-plus-stop clusters in initial position. Measures of vowel duration, voice onset time (VOT), and frequency of use of phonetic voicing were made from spectrograms. In every comparison the substituters' performance resembled that of the normal controls, as did the syllable reducers' use of VOT in stop singles. The syllable reducers used larger vowel duration ratios than the normal controls in a few minimal pairs and used phonetic voicing less often in word-initial /b d g/. The production data and previously reported perception data were examined for evidence that individual syllable reducers had voicing contrasts in underlying phonological form despite their deletions of obstruents in which these contrasts occurred. Most of the syllable reducers appeared to recognize underlying voicing contrasts in at least a few final obstruents and in some of the initial stop singles.

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Gender on Voice Onset Time: Data from Sinhalese

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Narasimhan ◽  
W.G.S.S. Karunarathne
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Stop Consonants ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Voiceless Stop ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objective: To documenting the voice onset time in voiced and unvoiced stop consonants in Sinhala and to investigating the effects of age and gender on voice onset time values in Sinhalese speakers. Methods: Three groups of participants were employed. Group 1 included 20 children, Group 2 included 20 adults and Group 3 consisted of 20 elderly subjects. All the subjects spoke the dialect of central province of Sri Lanka. Words consisting of three Sinhala short vowels /a/, /i/ and /u/ in were recorded. Voice onset time values from two voiced and voiceless stop consonants were extracted. Results: Voiced stop consonants had significantly longer voice onset time values compared to voiceless stop consonants. Significant effect of age as well as gender on voice onset time values were also observed. Conclusion: Supplementary investigations on the normative aspects of voice onset time among the Sinhala population would provide additional insights and validated tools for indexing the articulatory and acoustic characteristics of stop consonants in Sinhalese. Keywords: Voice Onset Time, Sinhalese, Elderly, Sinhala, Acoustic analysis

scholarly journals Interlingual interactions elicit performance mismatches not “compromise” categories in early bilinguals: Evidence from meta-analysis and coronal stops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V Casillas
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Cumulative Evidence

Previous studies attest that some early bilinguals produce the sounds of their languages in a manner that is characterized as “compromised”, “intermediate” or “merged” with regard to monolingual speakers. The present study uses meta-analytic techniques and coronal stop data from early bilinguals in order to assess this claim. The goal was to evaluate the cumulative evidence for “compromise” voice-onset time (VOT) in the speech of early bilinguals by providing a comprehensive assessment of the literature and presenting an acoustic analysis of coronal stops from early Spanish/English bilinguals. The studies were coded for linguistic and methodological features, as well as effect sizes, and then analyzed using a cross-classified Bayesian meta-analysis. The pooled effect for “compromise” VOT was negligible (β = −0.13). The acoustic analysis of the coronal stop data showed that the early Spanish/English bilinguals often produced Spanish and English targets with mismatched features from their other language. These performance mismatches presumably occurred as a result of interlingual interactions elicited by the experimental task. Taken together, the results suggest that early bilinguals do not have “compromise” VOT, though their speech involves dynamic phonetic interactions that can surface as performance mismatches during speech production. The data, code, and materials necessary to reproduce the analyses reported in this article are available at https://osf.io/un45x/.

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