Resistance of Voice Onset Time Variability to Intoxication

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford L. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Over Time

Voice onset times of /d/ and /t/ were measured for 16 adult subjects (age range 21 to 26 years) under conditions of sobriety and intoxication. Subjects consumed beer to reach intoxication levels between 0.075 and 0.100% as measured using a portable breathalyzer test. Analysis indicated consistent variabilities over time for each subject and resistance of VOT variability to alcohol influence.

Cross-language correspondences in the face of change: Phonetic independence versus convergence in two Korean-Mandarin bilingual communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-199
Author(s):  
Jessamyn Schertz ◽  
Yoonjung Kang ◽  
Sungwoo Han
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Bilingual Communities ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Over Time

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: We investigate the robustness of cross-language phonetic correspondences in two bilingual communities over time, focusing on whether corresponding sounds (e.g. Mandarin /s/ and Korean /s’/) remain coupled in the face of language change, or whether the categories diverge over time in younger, more proficient bilinguals. Design/Methodology/Approach: We quantify the extent of assimilation versus independence of categories across languages by comparing bilinguals’ production of place of articulation and laryngeal contrasts in Mandarin and Korean sibilants. Distinct language-internal changes were expected on each dimension. Data and analysis: 107 speakers varying in age (aged 19–83), gender, and dialect participated in the study. Acoustic measurements (center of gravity of frication, voice onset time) and statistical analyses were performed on a total of ~11,000 tokens. Findings/Conclusions: The extent of cross-language independence differed on the two dimensions. Corresponding segments across the two languages remained tightly coupled in terms of place of articulation, even in the face of change; on the other hand, a language-internal change in the Korean laryngeal contrast left corresponding Mandarin segments unaffected, resulting in divergence of originally corresponding categories. We also found unpredicted changes on each dimension, and these changes progressed concurrently in the two languages. Originality: The study of correspondences in the context of independent sound change provides a unique perspective from which to evaluate the robustness of cross-language interaction, and the parallel analysis of two separate dimensions in two communities adds to the generalizability of results. Significance/Implications: Most changes occurred concurrently in the two languages, suggesting that similar phonetic categories across languages can remain tightly coupled, even in highly proficient bilinguals where phonetic independence is expected. However, one of the primary expected changes (voice onset time merger in Korean) did not affect corresponding segments in Mandarin, indicating that the extent of cross-language independence in phonetic correspondences may differ even within the same population. We discuss potential reasons for the different results.

Speakers' Sex Differences in Voice Onset Time: A Study of Isolated Word Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Whiteside ◽  
C. J. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Isolated Word ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Voice

This report presents a brief study into sex differences of speakers in the voice onset time of English plosives that are stressed in both word-initial and pre-vocalic positions. 36 isolated words were spoken by 5 men (age range 25 to 37 yr., M: 34.2 yr.) and 5 women speakers (age range 28 to 38 yr., M: 32.6 yr.) who were subjects. Analysis showed that the women speakers had on the average relative to the men, longer voice onset time values for voiceless plosives and shorter voice onset time values for the voiced plosives.

scholarly journals Acoustic Analysis of PD Speech

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chenausky ◽  
Joel MacAuslan ◽  
Richard Goldhor
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Deep Brain

According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, approximately 500,000 Americans have Parkinson's disease (PD), with roughly another 50,000 receiving new diagnoses each year. 70%–90% of these people also have the hypokinetic dysarthria associated with PD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) substantially relieves motor symptoms in advanced-stage patients for whom medication produces disabling dyskinesias. This study investigated speech changes as a result of DBS settings chosen to maximize motor performance. The speech of 10 PD patients and 12 normal controls was analyzed for syllable rate and variability, syllable length patterning, vowel fraction, voice-onset time variability, and spirantization. These were normalized by the controls' standard deviation to represent distance from normal and combined into a composite measure. Results show that DBS settings relieving motor symptoms can improve speech, making it up to three standard deviations closer to normal. However, the clinically motivated settings evaluated here show greater capacity to impair, rather than improve, speech. A feedback device developed from these findings could be useful to clinicians adjusting DBS parameters, as a means for ensuring they do not unwittingly choose DBS settings which impair patients' communication.

Rate-dependent Perception of Aspiration and Pre-aspiration in Icelandic

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörgen Pind
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
The Face ◽  
Speech Cues ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Offset Time ◽  
Speech Segments ◽  
Over Time

Speech segments are highly context-dependent and acoustically variable. One factor that contributes heavily to the variability of speech is speaking rate. Some speech cues are temporal in nature—that is, the distinctions that they signify are defined over time. How can temporal speech cues keep their distinctiveness in the face of extrinsic transformations, such as those wrought by different speaking rates? This issue is explored with respect to the perception, in Icelandic, of Voice Onset Time as a cue for word-initial stop voicing, wordinitial aspiration as a cue for [h], and Voice Offset Time as a cue for pre-aspiration. All the speech cues show rate-dependent perception though to different degrees, with Voice Offset Time being most sensitive to rate changes and Voice Onset Time least sensitive. The differences in the behaviour of these speech cues are related to their different positions in the syllable.

A Cross-Language Study of Laryngeal-Oral Coordination Across Varying Prosodic and Syllable-Structure Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hoole ◽  
Lasse Bombien
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Syllable Structure ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Language Differences ◽  
Underlying Representation ◽  
Language Study ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this study is to use prosodic and syllable-structure variation to probe the underlying representation of laryngeal kinematics in languages traditionally considered to differ in voicing typology (German vs. Dutch and French). Method Transillumination and videofiberendoscopic filming were used to investigate the devoicing gesture in German, Dutch, and French for material that compared, first, a strong versus weak prosodic condition and, second, singletons versus clusters (stop + /r/ and /l/). Results The results showed strengthening of the devoicing gesture in the strong prosodic condition and in the segmental context stop + /r/ for German and French but not for Dutch. In terms of timing (duration of oral occlusion, voice onset time, timing of peak glottal opening relative to stop release), French was intermediate between German and Dutch. Conclusions (a) The representation of French voiceless plosives requires an active specification for glottal spreading just as in German. (b) Static features are not well suited to capturing cross-language differences in voicing typology and changes in voicing specification over time.

scholarly journals De LaurentESE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Michael Marinaccio
Keyword(s):  
Voice Onset Time ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Heritage Speaker ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Over Time

An increasing amount of sociolinguistic research has been concentrated on diachronic idiolect change: the change of an individual’s dialect over time. This paper adds to this growing topic by analyzing the English idiolect change of Giada De Laurentiis, a heritage speaker of Italian. The study analyzes De Laurentiis’ LOT, START, and GOAT vowels, as well as the voice onset time (VOT) of voiceless stops [k] and [p] by measuring the utterances of the code-switched word ‘mascarpone’ across 20 seasons on television. The data reflect the influence of L2 US English (rhoticity, diphthongization, lengthened VOTs) on heritage Italian in De Laurentiis’ idiolect. 

Measurement Invariance of the Serbian Version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale Across Age, Gender, and Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Serbian Version ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. The present research aimed at examining measurement invariance of the Serbian version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) across age, gender, and time. A total sample in Study 1 consisted of 2,595 participants from Serbia, with a mean age of 23.79 years (age range: 14–55 years). The final sample in Study 2 included 333 Serbian undergraduate students ( Mage = 20.81; age range: 20–27 years), who completed the SWLS over periods of 6 and 18 months after the initial assessment. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the modified unidimensional model of the SWLS, with correlated residuals of items 4 and 5 tapping past satisfaction. The results of the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported the full scalar invariance across gender and over time and partial scalar invariance across age. Latent mean comparisons revealed that women reported higher life satisfaction than men. Additionally, adolescents reported higher life satisfaction than students and adults, with adults showing the lowest life satisfaction. Our findings indicate that the SWLS allows meaningful comparisons in life satisfaction across age, gender, and over time.

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