FIGURE B3. Global trends in the state of the world’s marine fish stocks

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Fish Stocks

scholarly journals Depleted marine fish stocks and ecosystem-based management: on the road to recovery, we need to be precautionary

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gårdmark ◽  
Anders Nielsen ◽  
Jens Floeter ◽  
Christian Möllmann
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Road ◽  
Stock Status ◽  
Ecosystem Based Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
On The Road

Abstract Gårdmark, A., Nielsen, A., Floeter, J., and Möllmann, C. 2011. Depleted marine fish stocks and ecosystem-based management: on the road to recovery, we need to be precautionary. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 212–220. Precautionary management for fish stocks in need of recovery requires that likely stock increases can be distinguished from model artefacts and that the uncertainty of stock status can be handled. Yet, ICES stock assessments are predominantly deterministic and many EC management plans are designed for deterministic advice. Using the eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) stock as an example, we show how deterministic scientific advice can lead to illusive certainty of a rapid stock recovery and management decisions taken in unawareness of large uncertainties in stock status. By (i) performing sensitivity analyses of key assessment model assumptions, (ii) quantifying the uncertainty of the estimates due to data uncertainty, and (iii) developing alternative stock and ecosystem indicators, we demonstrate that estimates of recent fishing mortality and recruitment of this stock were highly uncertain and show that these uncertainties are crucial when combined with management plans based on fixed reference points of fishing mortality. We therefore call for fisheries management that does not neglect uncertainty. To this end, we outline a four-step approach to handle uncertainty of stock status in advice and management. We argue that it is time to use these four steps towards an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management.

scholarly journals Official Reporting of Religious Organizations as a Source of Empirical Data on the Activities of the Church: Some Questions of Theory and Practice of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sweden

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
O. A. Balabeikina ◽  
N. M. Mezhevich ◽  
A. A. Iankovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

The relevance of any material offered to the scientific and expert community depends on many factors. Objectively, the presence of this or that issue in the center of public attention has a positive effect on the actualization of this or that article. However, there is an obvious danger. Academic approaches that accidentally find themselves in resonance with global trends can fall victim to political conjuncture. Relevance in this case can fall victim to the political moment. Moreover, this or that topic, being in the center of public discussion, negatively affects the academic understanding of the problem. All this fully relates to the question of the relationship between the state and the church in modern Europe and Russia.A few words about global trends. Their essence boils down to the growing confrontation between supporters of new ideological approaches and traditionalists, among whom are many adherents.The relationship between religion and the state testifies to the fact that states and societies have not yet learned to draw an effective line between their interests and those of adherents. This fact presupposes careful state and public participation in the affairs of the church. However, acknowledging this circumstance is not enough. The state must clearly know what, where and how is happening in the church sphere of the life of society in cases where church affairs can affect public and state security.It is also known that almost all the leading churches, to a greater or lesser extent, provide official reporting to the state. However, working with this reporting, its scientific analysis is not always representative.Objective. The presented article is aimed at a partial solution of the problem of increasing the effectiveness of academic research of the church` activities. Moreover, it is made based on official church statistics.The author’s position is the following. States and societies have no right to let go of this vital sphere of life. The functions of the state, in this case, are at least controlling. The ineffective execution of its functions by the state can be revealed in many countries of the world. The situation in France is nothing more than a reference case of a problem that, to one degree or another, exists in most of the countries of the world, which are distinguished by ethnic and confessional heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Novel Biorefinery Approach Aimed at Vegetarians Reduces the Dependency on Marine Fish Stocks for Obtaining Squalene and Docosahexaenoic Acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 8803-8813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Patel ◽  
Liwen Mu ◽  
Yijun Shi ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Stocks

scholarly journals Costs and Returns of Fishermen in the Massachusetts Inshore Lobster Fishery

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gates ◽  
J. M. D'Eugenio
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Sufficient Criterion ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Lobster Fishery

The inshore lobster fishery is one of the more important ones in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, accounting for approximately 14 percent of the total landed value of all species in Massachusetts in 1971. Until recent years this fishery accounted for virtually all the pot landings in the state. Despite numerous attempts at conservation such as gear regulation, size restrictions, and prohibitions on harvesting egg-bearing females, the fishery has been subject to rapidly increasing effort and virtually constant landings. In the past decade it has become obvious to many fishery biologists and economists that conservation of fish stocks is a necessary but not sufficient criterion for fisheries management. Resource managers have become increasingly aware of the interdependence between economic factors and the intensity, location and composition of fishing effort.

scholarly journals What Is Community Policing?: Divergent Agendas, Practices, and Experiences of Transforming the Police in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Diphoorn ◽  
Naomi van Stapele
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Problem Representation ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Third ◽  
Organizational Unit ◽  
State Police

Abstract In line with global trends, community policing has been a vehicle for transforming the state police in Kenya. This article analyses various community policing efforts in Kenya and argues that many of these initiatives have largely failed to act as a vehicle for transformation due to three interconnected problems of diversity, representation, and ownership. The first problem—diversity—relates to the multiplicity of definitions, manifestations, and practices of community policing, which creates uncertainty and provides space for various actors to engage with it in conflicting ways. The second problem—representation—concerns the identification and creation of the ‘community’: this remains to occur in a state-driven manner and is also not a straightforward concept or organizational unit, especially in a highly multi-ethnic and classed setting as Kenya. The third is ownership: community policing is not experienced or exercised as a partnership, but as a state-centric framework that should remain under the direction and ownership of the state police. We make our claim by focusing on Likoni, Mombasa and drawing from further qualitative data conducted by both authors in Kenya.

scholarly journals Effective fisheries management instrumental in improving fish stock status

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 2218-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Hilborn ◽  
Ricardo Oscar Amoroso ◽  
Christopher M. Anderson ◽  
Julia K. Baum ◽  
Trevor A. Branch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Food System ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Intensively Managed

Marine fish stocks are an important part of the world food system and are particularly important for many of the poorest people of the world. Most existing analyses suggest overfishing is increasing, and there is widespread concern that fish stocks are decreasing throughout most of the world. We assembled trends in abundance and harvest rate of stocks that are scientifically assessed, constituting half of the reported global marine fish catch. For these stocks, on average, abundance is increasing and is at proposed target levels. Compared with regions that are intensively managed, regions with less-developed fisheries management have, on average, 3-fold greater harvest rates and half the abundance as assessed stocks. Available evidence suggests that the regions without assessments of abundance have little fisheries management, and stocks are in poor shape. Increased application of area-appropriate fisheries science recommendations and management tools are still needed for sustaining fisheries in places where they are lacking.

Evaluation of state and evolution of marine fish waste composting by enzyme activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoshrooz Kazemi ◽  
Baiyu Zhang ◽  
Leonard M. Lye ◽  
Zhiwen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
The State ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Mature Fish

The feasibility of using enzyme activities for indicating the state of marine fish waste composting was examined in this study and the evolution of the composting process for a 60 day period was evaluated. Results indicated that stable and mature fish waste compost has been generated. During the composting process, oxidoreductase enzyme (dehydrogenase) and hydrolase enzyme (β-glucosidase and phosphatase) activities decreased with time since available organic compounds decreased. A good correlation among enzyme activities and different physiochemical parameters including oxygen uptake rate, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and germination index led to the conclusion that both hydrolytic and dehydrogenase enzyme activities could be feasible indicators of the state and evolution of the composting process.

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