Evaluation of state and evolution of marine fish waste composting by enzyme activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoshrooz Kazemi ◽  
Baiyu Zhang ◽  
Leonard M. Lye ◽  
Zhiwen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
The State ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Mature Fish

The feasibility of using enzyme activities for indicating the state of marine fish waste composting was examined in this study and the evolution of the composting process for a 60 day period was evaluated. Results indicated that stable and mature fish waste compost has been generated. During the composting process, oxidoreductase enzyme (dehydrogenase) and hydrolase enzyme (β-glucosidase and phosphatase) activities decreased with time since available organic compounds decreased. A good correlation among enzyme activities and different physiochemical parameters including oxygen uptake rate, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and germination index led to the conclusion that both hydrolytic and dehydrogenase enzyme activities could be feasible indicators of the state and evolution of the composting process.

scholarly journals Composting for valuation of marine fish waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Simões Valente ◽  
Robson Andreazza ◽  
Eduardo Gonçalves Xavier ◽  
Mario Conill Gomes ◽  
Heron da Silva Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

SUMMARY This trial evaluated the composting for valuation of marine fish waste. The study was carried out in a composting cell (1.10m length, 1.50m width, 1.20m height, and 2.50m headroom), which received a mixture of marine fish waste (skin and fin) and reused wood shavings at a 7:3 proportion. The efficiency of the composting process was evaluated through analysis of biomass temperature, moisture, pH, ash, compost mineralization index, carbon/nitrogen ratio, total organic matter, total organic carbon and total nitrogen. Data were tested by analysis of variance and polynomial regression, and the means compared by Tukey's test at 5%. The results showed that composting is an efficient alternative for the valuation of fish residues. The compost complies with the Brazilian Standards (Normative Instruction 25/2009 of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply). The C/N ratio lower than 15/1 combined with the high moisture content of the substrates inhibit the increase in the biomass temperature. The wood shavings reused for three consecutive times provide nitrogen. The addition of water to the composting process should be suppressed when using the proportion of 7kg fish waste and 3kg reused wood shavings.

scholarly journals Transformation of Biodegradable Organic Municipal Solid Waste to Compost Using Stationary and Rotary Units

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed M. Abood ◽  
Dhafer F. Ali ◽  
Firas S. Abass ◽  
Jathwa A. Al Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
C And N

This study aims to convert the municipal solid waste (MSW), which include garbage and chicken manure as raw biodegradable organic waste to produce a compost in order to transform these materials into recommended fertilizer. The principle of aerobic composting method is a waste oxidation through holding these mixed raw materials with a ratio of 1:1 garbage and chicken manure in two units of composting, rotary unit and stationary unit with recommended Carbon/Nitrogen ratio C/N of 20:1 and pH of 6.5 with moisture content of about 40% by adding water during composting process and presence of oxygen naturally. The period time of composting process was 69 days to get normal temperature of compost bulk equal to ambient temperature and pH value as natural value using two composting units. The composting results during first 30 days shows the temperature values 59.5 and 55oC for rotary unit and stationary units that refers to microbial action of microorganism and decomposition of organic matter to energy as heat. The pH values were having acidic state during first week that refers to the formation of organic acids. The final compost characteristics show a C/N ratio of 20.8 and 22.275 for rotary and stationary units, respectively with a decrease in C% and N%, which refers to a successful composting process, where Nitrogen, Phosphor and Potassium NPK values were (1.428:1.719:4.508) % for rotary unit and (1.361:0.419:3.884) % for stationary unit and electrical conductivity of 5.5 and 6.04 mS/cm as acceptable value according to the recommended standard values.

Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Living Organisms

Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l-1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined. In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Bok Choy Growth and Quality in Hydroponic Cultures

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Kazuki Kano ◽  
Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽  
Keitaro Suzuki ◽  
Ani Widiastuti ◽  
Hiromitsu Odani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Steep Liquor

Effects of corn steep liquor (organic fertilizer, OF) and conventional chemical fertilizer (CF) on the growth and yield of bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in summer and autumn hydroponic growing systems were compared. When OF and CF were applied with the same amount of total nitrogen in summer cultivation, there was no significant difference between yields; however, the growth rate in OF was slower than in CF. When OF was applied with twice the amount of nitrogen in CF (OF2), bok choy growth and yield were significantly inhibited in summer cultivation, likely owing to dissolved oxygen deficiency and different rates of nitrification and nitrogen absorbance by the plant root. Although the contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in bok choy showed no difference among the three treatments in both cultivation seasons, the carbon/nitrogen ratio tended to be higher in OF and OF2 than in CF. Lower nitric acid and higher ascorbic acid content was found in OF and OF2 than in CF. Overall, our results suggest that a comparable yield is expected by using the same nitrogen amount with a conventional recipe of chemical fertilization in autumn cultivation. However, further improvement of hydroponic management is needed in summer cultivation.

scholarly journals The contributions and mechanisms of iron-microbes-biochar in constructed wetlands for nitrate removal from low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 23212-23220
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Xiawei Liu ◽  
Jiaolong Huang ◽  
Manqi Huang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Schematic diagram of RDCWs system and proposed mechanisms for nitrate removal.

scholarly journals The use of the carbon/nitrogen ratio and specific organic loading rate as tools for improving biohydrogen production in fixed-bed reactors

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélida del Pilar Anzola-Rojas ◽  
Samantha Gonçalves da Fonseca ◽  
Cynthia Canedo da Silva ◽  
Valeria Maia de Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo Zaiat
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biohydrogen Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio
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